A 0.5-V MI-OTA-Based Shadow Universal Filter with Integrated Passband Gain Compensation and Low-Pass Control for Low-Frequency Applications

A 0.5-V MI-OTA-Based Shadow Universal Filter with Integrated Passband Gain Compensation and Low-Pass Control for Low-Frequency Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A 0.5-V MI-OTA-Based Shadow Universal Filter with Integrated Passband Gain Compensation and Low-Pass Control for Low-Frequency Applications Montree Kumngern, Fabian Khateb, Tomasz Kulej, Daniel Arbet This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7203159/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 25 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents a novel voltage-mode shadow universal filter based on multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs). The multiple-input functionality of the OTA is implemented using the multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor (MIBD-MOST) technique, which enables low supply voltage operation and a wide input voltage swing. Additionally, the use of subthreshold operation contributes to the low-power consumption of the OTA. The proposed shadow filter is implemented using a voltage-mode universal filter, in which the low-pass section is employed to control the natural frequency through an external amplifier. The proposed filter provides both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions of low-pass filter (LPF), high-pass filter (HPF), band-pass filter (BPF), band-stop filter (BSF), and all-pass filter (APF). The circuit was designed and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso, utilizing TSMC’s 65-nm 1P9M CMOS technology. The total silicon area of the MI-OTA measured 148 µm × 89 µm. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.5 V and a cutoff frequency of 31.2 Hz, the filter achieved an overall power consumption of 350 nW. Experimental validation was conducted using a prototype implemented with commercially available LM13700N integrated circuits, confirming the filter’s functionality and effectiveness. The proposed design is well-suited for low-voltage, low-power applications, particularly in low-frequency biosignal processing and sensor interface systems. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering shadow filter universal filter operational transconductance amplifier active filter bulk-driven MOS transistor Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 21 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Aug, 2025 Editor invited by journal 08 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 04 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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The multiple-input functionality of the OTA is implemented using the multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor (MIBD-MOST) technique, which enables low supply voltage operation and a wide input voltage swing. Additionally, the use of subthreshold operation contributes to the low-power consumption of the OTA. The proposed shadow filter is implemented using a voltage-mode universal filter, in which the low-pass section is employed to control the natural frequency through an external amplifier. The proposed filter provides both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions of low-pass filter (LPF), high-pass filter (HPF), band-pass filter (BPF), band-stop filter (BSF), and all-pass filter (APF). The circuit was designed and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso, utilizing TSMC\u0026rsquo;s 65-nm 1P9M CMOS technology. The total silicon area of the MI-OTA measured 148 \u0026micro;m \u0026times; 89 \u0026micro;m. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.5 V and a cutoff frequency of 31.2 Hz, the filter achieved an overall power consumption of 350 nW. Experimental validation was conducted using a prototype implemented with commercially available LM13700N integrated circuits, confirming the filter\u0026rsquo;s functionality and effectiveness. The proposed design is well-suited for low-voltage, low-power applications, particularly in low-frequency biosignal processing and sensor interface systems.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A 0.5-V MI-OTA-Based Shadow Universal Filter with Integrated Passband Gain Compensation and Low-Pass Control for Low-Frequency Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-13 16:15:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7203159/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision 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