Longitudinal association of dietary habits and the risk of cardiovascular disease among Iranian population between 2001 and 2013: The Isfahan Cohort Study

Purpose: There has been a steady rise in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Iranian population. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of Global Dietary Index (GDI) and CVD risk among Iranian adults population. Method: This study was conducted based on Isfahan Cohort Study, a longitudinal study which collected data between 2001 to 2013on 6405 adults. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ to calculate GDI. All participants were followed every two years by phone call to ask about death, any hospitalization or cardiovascular events to examine CVD events. Results: : During 55017 person-years of follow-up, one unit GDI increase was associated with the higher risk of MI, stroke and CVD by 72% (HR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.04-2.84), 76% (HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.09-2.85) and 48% (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03-2.14), respectively and higher risk of CHD more than 2 times (HR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.50-3.60) and CVD mortality and all-cause mortality over than 3 times [(HR: 3.65; 95% CI: 1.90-7.01) and (HR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.90-5.06), respectively] in total population. Conclusions: : Higher GDI had a significant relationship with the increased risk of CVD events and all-cause mortality. Further randomized clinical trial studies are suggested to confirm our findings.