Comparing emergency admissions and outcomes of preemptive and non-preemptive renal transplant recipients: a comprehensive analysis

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The timing of transplantation—preemptive (before dialysis) or non-preemptive (after dialysis)—may influence long-term outcomes. This study aims to compare emergency internal medicine admissions and clinical outcomes between pRTx and npRTx recipients. Materials and methods Renal transplant patients who presented to the Emergency Internal Medicine Unit of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine between January 1, 2020, and March 1, 2021, were categorized into two groups: preemptive (pRTx) and non-preemptive (npRTx). Data on presenting complaints, demographic characteristics, medical history, comorbidities, laboratory findings, survival rates, and post-transplant complications were evaluated. Results A total of 295 patients were included in our study, of which 261 (88.5%) were renal transplant patients followed at our center, and 34 (11.5%) were followed at external centers. The patients had a mean age of 45.8 + 13.3 years, and 140 patients (47.5%) were female. RTx was performed from a living donor in 227 patients (76.9%), while 68 patients (23.1%) received a transplant from a cadaveric donor. 70 patients (23.7%) were in the pRTx group, while 225 patients (76.3%) were in the npRTx group. The frequency of comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the npRTx group compared to the pRTx group. The rate of outpatient treatment was considerably higher in the pRTx; while shortness of breath, chest pain, and hospitalization rates were observed to be higher in the npRTx. There was no difference observed in terms of intensive care unit admission, intubation, and mortality between the two groups. Conclusion It was remarkable that the npRTx group had a higher prevalence of comorbid diseases, hospitalization rates, and infection profiles. However, there is no difference in mortality between the two groups with sufficient renal protection and treatment adherence. Trial registration: This study was registered retrospectively in an appropriate clinical trial registry. Renal transplantation preemptive transplantation non-preemptive transplantation emergency admission 1. Introduction Renal transplantation (RTx) holds a significant place among renal replacement therapies (RRTs) in terms of renal and patient outcomes in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. It also offers substantial advantages in terms of quality of life and mortality compared to dialysis modalities [ 1 – 2 ]. The timing of RTx in renal transplant recipients is a critical factor that significantly influences patient outcomes and the progression of ESRD. Observational studies support the use of preemptive RTx (pRTx) as a more advantageous strategy for the patient and graft outcomes than non-preemptive RTx (npRTx). Several investigations utilizing national data from the United States have repeatedly confirmed the survival advantages of pRTx for adults compared with npRTx, and that the duration of pretransplant dialysis is positively associated with risks of mortality and allograft failure[ 2 – 3 ]. However, it is essential to assess and understand the outcomes and challenges associated with these transplant procedures in order to enhance patient care and optimize transplantation strategies. Emergency visits to the internal medicine unit following Rtx provide valuable insights into post-transplant complications and the general well-being of kidney transplant recipients. By analyzing and comparing the reasons for emergency visits between the pRTx and npRTx groups, we can identify potential differences in the occurrence and nature of post-transplant complications, leading to targeted interventions and preventive measures. For example, a study by Schold et al. (2016) found that the most common reasons for emergency visits in renal transplant recipients were acute rejection episodes, infections, and complications related to immunosuppressive therapy[ 4 ]. Renal outcome data, encompassing measures such as renal function, rejection episodes, and the need for additional interventions, are critical in assessing the success and long-term viability of kidney transplants. By comparing these outcomes between the pRTx and npRTx groups, we can gain insights into any disparities and highlight factors that may influence graft function and overall patient well-being. For instance, a study conducted by Azegami et al. (2023) reported that pRTx was associated with better renal function and decreased risk of graft loss compared to npRTx [ 5 ]. Furthermore, graft survival rates serve as a key metric for evaluating the long-term success of kidney transplantation. Comparing the graft survival rates between the pRTx and npRTx groups will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of pRTx and its impact on graft longevity. Previous research by Haller et al. (2017) demonstrated that pRTx was associated with significantly higher graft survival rates compared to npRTx [ 6 ]. Additionally, renal outcome data, including measures such as renal function, rejection episodes, and the need for additional interventions, are crucial in evaluating the success and long-term viability of kidney transplants. Comparing these outcomes between the two groups will shed light on any disparities and highlight factors that may influence graft function and overall patient well-being. The current study aimed to compare the reasons for emergency internal medicine unit visits, renal outcome data, and graft survival rates between pRTx and npRTx groups. This comprehensive analyses aim to contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding RTx and improve our understanding of the factors influencing emergency visits, renal outcomes, and graft survival rates. 1. Material methods This retrospective study cohort followed the report Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). The Ethics Committee of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine approved this study (no: 876740). 1.1. Population and setting We investigate non-traumatic emergency visits of RTx patients. The medical records of patients presented to the Emergency Internal Medicine Unit at Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine from January 2020 to March 2021 (15 months) were reviewed retrospectively. The study included adult patients aged 18 years and older who had undergone RTx. Patients who had a positive for COVID-19 RT-PCR were not included to the study. 1.2. Measurements and definitions We reviewed the reasons for emergency unit visit, demographic characteristics, medical histories, comorbidities, primary kidney disease, physical examination findings, vital signs, laboratory results, graft, and patient characteristics, donor sources, immunosuppression regiment, prophylactic treatments, as well as any post-transplant complications. Additionally, the discharge diagnose and hospitalization status, development of acute kidney injury (AKI), in our emergency unit was analyzed. Additionally, these parameters were compared between pRTx and npRTx patients. pRTx refers to the transplantation of a kidney into a patient before the need for RRT arises. npRTx refers to the transplantation of a kidney into a patient who is already receiving RRT due to end-stage renal disease. 1.3. Statistical analyses In descriptive statistics, we presented numbers and percentages for categorical variables and median and interquartile ranges (25–75%) for numeric variables. The chi-square test was used for two or multiple group comparisons of categorical variables. An Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used in the comparison of numerical variables appropriately. In the multiple group comparisons of numerical variables, we used the variance (ANOVA) test for numerical variables with normal distribution and the Kruskal-Wallis test for those not normally distributed. A multivariate analysis model was created to find the independent parameters associated with hospitalization. Parameters that were found to be significant at hospitalization were included in the univariate analysis results of this model. For this purpose, binary logistic regression analysis (enter method) was used. P < 0.05 was accepted as the level of significance. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for statistical analyses. 2. Results The study included a total of 295 RTx recipient patients, with mean age 45.8 ± 13.3 years and 140 (47.5%) being female. The majority of patients (88.5%) were followed up at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, while 11.5% received care from external centers. 225 (76.9%) patients received RTx from living donors, and 70 (23.1%) patients received transplants from cadaveric donors. The study included 70 patients (23.7%) who underwent pRTx and 225 patients (76.3%) who underwent npRTx. In the npRTx group, it was observed that most patients (89.3%) received only intermittent hemodialysis before transplantation. The most common primary kidney diseases of RTx recipients were chronic glomerulonephritis 48 (16.3%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis 46 (15.6%), and VUR nephropathy 40 (13.6%), respectively. The most common immunosuppressive treatment combination included tacrolimus (FK), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, MYF), and methylprednisolone combination being used in 166 patients (56.3%). The diagnoses of patients admitted to the emergency internal medicine unit were as follows: 61 patients (20.6%) had urinary tract infections, 48 patients (16.2%) had acute gastroenteritis, and 46 patients (15.5%) had upper respiratory tract infections. A total of 143 patients (48.5%) received oral or parenteral antibiotics due to bacterial infections. Acute kidney injury (AKI) development was investigated by comparing the creatinine value obtained in the emergency unit with the patient's previous admission creatinine value. AKI was observed in 90 patients (30.5%), of which 65 (72%) were stage 1, 9 (10%) were stage 2, and 16 (18%) were stage 3 AKI. In 38 patients (24.2%), positive culture in blood or urine samples results were observed (As shown in Table 1 ). Table 1 The demographic characteristics, types of donors and renal transplantation, primary kidney diseases, primary immunosuppressive treatment received, diagnosis at the time of presentation, antibiotic usage, and the need for blood transfusion renal transplant patients who admission to the Istanbul Medical Faculty Emergency Internal Medicine Unit. n % Follow-up Istanbul Medical Faculty External centers 261 34 88.5% 11.5% Gender Male 155 52.5% Female 140 47.5% Donor Living 227 76.9% Cadaveric 68 23.1% RTx type pRTx npRTx 70 225 23.7% 76.3% npRTx groups type HD 201 89.3% PD 12 5.3% HD + PD 12 5.3% Primary kidney disease Chronic glomerulonephritis 48 16.3% Hypertensive nephrosclerosis 46 15.6% VUR nephropathy 40 13.6% Unknown cause 40 13.6% Chronic pyelonephritis 23 7.8% FMF + Amyloidosis 23 7.8% ADPKD 19 6.4% Diabetic nephropathy 16 5.4% Alport syndrome 11 3.7% IgA nephropathy 9 3.1% Lupus nephritis 8 2.7% Multiple myeloma 6 2.0% Crescentic glomerulonephritis 6 2.0% Primary IST FK/MMF/MP 86 29.2% FK/MYF/MP 80 27.1% FK/AZA/MP 61 20.6% Csa/MMF/MP 19 6.4% Csa/AZA/MP 8 2.7% Csa/MYF/MP 6 2.0% EVER/MMF/MP 11 3.7% EVER/AZA/MP 4 1.4% Diagnosis UTI 61 20.6% AGE 48 16.2% URTI 46 15.5% Myalgia 20 6.7% Sepsis 11 3.7% Electolits imbalance 13 4.4% ACS 13 4.4% Anemia 13 4.4% Pnömonia 13 4.4% Cardiac failure 8 2.7% Sinusitis 6 2.1% Others ** 26 8.8% Development of AKI 90 30.5% Stage 1 65 72% Stage 2 9 10% Stage 3 16 18% Antibiotic usage 143 48.5% Blood transfusion 17 5.8% Positive blood or urine culture 38 24.2% Abbreviations: pRTx: preemptive renal transplantation, npRTx: non-preemptive renal transplantation, HD: hemodialysis, PD: periton dialysis, VUR nephropathy: vesicoureteral reflux nephropathy, FMF: familial Mediterranean fever, ADPKD: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, IST: immunosuppressive therapy, FK: tacrolimus, MMF: mycophenolate mofetil, MP: methylprednisolone, MYF: mycophenolic acid AZA: azathioprine, Csa: cyclosporine-A, EVER: everolimus, UTI: urinary tract infections, AGE: acute gastroenteritis, URTI: upper respiratory tract infections, ACS: acute cardiac syndrome, AKI: acute kidney injury Others**: Headache, abdominal pain, nausea, hives, hyperglycemia, knee pain, palpitations. 2.1. pRTx and npRTx comparisons: Age at admission and renal function level at the last follow-up were similar between the pRTx and npRTx groups in the comparison of the patients' data on admission to the emergency department. In emergency evaluations; fever, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and eGFR values, uric acid, electrode values and albumin values, CRP, blood pH value, hemoglobin, leukocyte, platelet count were not found significantly different between the groups. The proBNP value measured only in the npRTx group was significantly higher than the pRTx group [median (IQR): 1831 (982–2727) vs. 199 (185-17800), p < 0.05] (As shown in Table 2 ). Table 2 Demographic characteristics and laboratory findings at the time of admission for the pRTx and npRTx groups. pRTx n = 70 (23.7%) npRTx n = 225 (76.3%) Age (year) 42 (26–53) 47 (38–57) Serum creatinine at the last visit (mg/dl) 1.4 (1–2) 1.3 (1–2) Fever (C°) 36.3 (36–37) 36.2 (36–37) Systolic BP (mmHg) 130 (114–145) 130 (117–147) Diastolic BP (mmHg) 84 (74–90) 80 (70–90) WBC (10³/ml) 7.4 (5–10) 8.4 (7–11) Hemoglobin (g/dL) 11.3 (10–13) 11.6 (10–13) Platelet (10³/L) 216 (190–272) 235 (177–288) pH 7.36 (7–7) 7.36 (7–7) Creatinine (mg/dl) 1.53 (1–3) 1.50 (1–2) Albumin (g/dl) 4.3 (4–5) 4.2 (4–5) Na (mmol/L) 137 (135–140) 138 (135–141) K( mmol/L) 4.4(4–5) 4.4 (4–5) Ca (mg/dL) 9.2 (9–10) 9.3 (9–10) CRP (mg/L) 12 (2–36) 10 (3–41) ProBNP(pq/ml)* 199 (185-17800) 1831 (982–2727) Uric Acid (mg/dl) 6.5 (5–8) 6.6 (5–8) Abbreviations : pRTx: preemptive renal transplantation, npRTx: non-preemptive renal transplantation, BP: Blood Pressure *p < 0.05 When examining the comorbidities of the patients, hypertension (HT) was present in 199 patients (88.4%) in the npRTx group and in 54 patients (77.1%) in the pRTx group (p: 0.037). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was observed in 45 patients (20%) in the npRTx group and in 6 patients (8.6%) in the pRTx group (p: 0.017). The development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) was observed in 3 patients (4.3%) in the pRTx group and in 1 patient (0.4%) in the npRTx group (p: 0.030). When comparing patients' presenting complaints, it was observed that the npRTx group particularly had a higher frequency of admission emergency internal medicine unit with complaints of shortness of breath and chest pain had higher rates. The hospitalization rate was higher in the npRTx group, and the outpatient treatment rate was significantly higher in the pRTx group. However, the rates of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), the development of AKI and electrolyte imbalance were not different. Additionally, the hospital admission diagnoses were evaluated for both groups. There was no significant difference observed among the diagnoses of AKI, acute gastroenteritis, acute coronary syndrome, anemia, urinary tract infection, myalgia, pneumonia, cellulitis and sepsis in the patients (As shown in Table 3 ). Table 3 Comparison of comorbidities, outpatient treatment, hospitalization rates, and diagnoses at the time of presentation between PRtx and nPRtx patients. pRTx n = 70 (23.7%) npRTx n = 225 (76.3%) p-value HT 54 (%77.1) 199 (%88.4) 0.037* DM 6 (%8.6) 45 (%20.0) 0.017* NODAT 3 (%4.3) 1 (%0.4) 0.030* Chest pain 5 (%7.1) 41 (%18.2) 0.02* Microbiology (positive blood or urine culture) 8 (%11.4) 30 (%13.3) 0.84 Shortness of breath 5 (%7.1) 32 (%14.2) 0.043* Outpatient treatment 63 (%93.0) 171 (%76.0) 0.012* Hospitalization 7 (%10.0) 49 (%24.0) 0.023* Admission to the ICU/ Intubation 1 (%1.4) 5 (%2.2) 0.45 Development of AKI 22 (%31.4) 68 (%30.2) 0.65 Electrolyte imbalance 1 (%1.4) 12 (%5.3) 0.313 AKI 3 (%4.3) 14 (%6.2) 0.770 AGE 14 (%20.0) 30 (%13.3) 0.171 ACS 1 (%1.4) 12 (%5.3) 0.313 Anemia 6 (%8.6) 7 (%3.1) 0.519 UTI 15 (%21.4) 42 (%18.7) 0.609 Myalgia 5 (%7.1) 15 (%6.7) 0.889 Pneumonia 4 (%5.7) 9 (%4.0) 0.515 Cellulitis 0 (0) 2 (%0.9) 1 Sepsis 0 (0) 11 (%4.5) 0.072 Abbreviations : HT: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, NODAT: New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Transplantation, ICU: intensive care unit, AKI: acute kidney injury, AGE: acute gastroenteritis, ACS: acute coronary syndrome, UTI: Urinary tract infection *p < 0.05 2.2. Hospitalization and outcomes: 239 patients were treated on an outpatient basis, while 56 patients (19%) were hospitalized. 22 patients (7.5%) were interned to the emergency internal medicine service, 13 patients (4.4%) to the nephrology service, and 4 patients (1.4%) to the transplantation service. A total of 6 patients (2%) were ICU, with 3 (1%) of them in the general ICU and 3 (1%) patients interned to the coronary ICU. There were 2 (0.7%) patients admitted to the surgical services due to planned surgical interventions (As shown in Table 4 ). Table 4 Outpatient treatment, hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission rates of renal transplant patients who presented to the emergency internal medicine unit. n % Outpatient treatment 239 81% Hospitalization 56 19% Internal emergency unit 22 7,5% Nephrology 13 4,4% Other centers 5 1,7% Tx unit 4 1,4% General ICU 3 1% Coroner ICU 3 1% Chest diseases unit 2 0,7% Surgery unit 2 0,7% Urology 2 0,7% ICU or intubation 6 2,0% Abbreviations : Tx: transplantation, ICU: intensive care unit Additionally, patients were compared in two groups as hospitalized and non-hospitalized. There were no significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics and blood pressure among hospitalized patients. The hospitalization rate was higher among patients with elevated heart rates at the time of admission. Examination of laboratory values, patients with low hemoglobin and albumin levels, high creatinine, CRP, and troponin levels had higher hospitalization rates. pRTx groups were more frequently treated on an outpatient basis, while npRTx groups were more commonly hospitalized. Among npRTx, the hospitalization rate was higher among those who received intermittent hemodialysis before transplantation. There were no significant differences in the induction treatment and prophylaxis received by the patients. Patients presenting to the emergency department with oliguria/anuria, shortness of breath, nausea, pain over the graft, and altered consciousness had significantly higher rates of hospitalization. And with AKI and graft loss at presentation had higher hospitalization rates. However, there was no significant difference in terms of ICU admission among patients, and no patient had an exitus (As shown in Table 5 ). Table 5 Comparison of demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, RTx types, received prophylaxis, comorbidities, presenting complaints, development of AKI, and graft loss between hospitalized and outpatient renal transplant patients presenting to the emergency internal medicine unit. Hospitalization Non-hospitalization Age (year) 47(39–57) 46(34–56) Gender male 32(57.1) 108(45.2) female 24(42.9) 131(54.8) Center* Istanbul Medical Faculty 43(76.8) 218(91.2) other 13(23.2) 21(8.8) Duration (year) 9(4–13) 9(4–12) Fever (C°) 36.25(36–37) 36.2(36–37) Systolic BP (mmHg) 127.5(109–151) 130(118–147) Diastolic BP (mmHg) 80(70–90) 80(70–90) Pulse* 100(89–110) 89(82–100) SpO2 (%) 98(97–99) 98(97–99) Hgb (g/dL)* 10.4(9–12) 11.9(11–13) WBC (10³/nl) 8.7(7–12) 7.9(6–10) Neutrophil (10³/nl) 6.9(5–10) 6(4–8) Lymphocyte (10³/nl)* 1(1–1) 1.1(1–2) Monocyte (10³/nl) 0.6(0–1) 0.5(0–1) Eosinophil (10³/nl) 0(0–0) 0.01(0–0) Platelet (10³/l) 237.5(187–296) 231(177–285) pH 7.34(7–7) 7.36(7–7) Serum creatinine at the last visit (mg/dl) * 2(1–3) 1.3(1–2) Creatinine (mg/dl)* 3.36(2–5) 1.49(1–2) CRP (mg/L)* 39(9-171) 8(2–29) Mg (mg/dl) 0.7(1–1) 0.7(1–1) Uric Acid (mg/dl) 6.8(6–8) 6.4(5–8) Prokalsitonin* 0.78(0–5) 0.07(0–0) Troponin* 448.5(140–2709) 21(14–37) Pro BNP (pq/ml) 2146(1479–2970) 899(139–2652) Na (mmol/l)* 135(132–140) 138(136–141) K( mmol/l) 4.4(4–5) 4.4(4–5) Ca (mg/dL) 9.1(9–10) 9.3(9–10) Albumin (g/dL)* 3.9(4–4) 4.3(4–5) P (mg/dl) 3.6(3–5) 3(3–4) RTx type* pRTx* 7(12.5) 63(26.4) npRTx* 49(87.5) 176(73.6) Previous treatment modality* HD* 47(83.9) 154(64.4) HD + PD 2(3.6) 10(4.2) PD 0(0) 12(5.0) Donor type living 44(78.6) 183(76.6) cadaveric 12(21.4) 56(23.4) Induction therapy ATG** 16(28.6) 43(18.0) ATG + Simulect 2(3.6) 7(2.9) No information 0(0) 3(1.3) Simulect 1(1.8) 14(5.9) Not using 37(66.1) 172(72.0) Antirejection Not using 44(78.6) 187(78.2) Current prophylaxis 3(5.4) 35(14.6) DM 12(21.4) 39(16.3) NODAT 0(0) 4(1.7) HT 51(91.1) 202(84.5) Cardiac problems 18(32.1) 61(25.5) Place of arrival Other*** 1(1.8) 5(2.1) home 53(94.6) 216(90.4) Tx outpatient clinic 2(3.6) 18(7.5) Chest Pain 13(23.2) 33(13.8) Psychological Problems 2(3.6) 2(.8) Cough 11(19.6) 47(19.7) Phlegm 6(10.7) 21(8.8) Dysuria 20(35.7) 59(24.7) Oliguria/Anuria* 34(60.7) 72(30.1) Shortness of Breath* 15(26.8) 22(9.2) Abdominal Pain 20(35.7) 74(31.0) Diarrhea 7(12.5) 38(15.9) Nausea* 30(53.6) 81(33.9) Vomiting 13(23.2) 45(18.8) Pain over the graft* 21(37.5) 51(21.3) Seizure none 561(100.0) 2391(100.0) Altered Consciousness* 3(5.4) 1(.4) AKI* 36(64.3) 54(22.6) AKI stage* stage 1 17(30.4) 48(20.1) stage 2 5(8.9) 4(1.7) stage 3 14(25.0) 2(0.8) Graft loss* 22(39.3) 23(9.6) Exitus none 561(100.0) 2391(100.0) Abbreviations : BP: blood pressure, pRTx: preemptive renal transplantation, npRTx: non preemptive renal transplantation, HD: hemodialysis, PD: periton dialysis, HT: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, NODAT: New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Transplantation, AKI: acute kidney injury. *p < 0.05 ATG**: anti-human activated T lymphocyte globulin Other***: home/work/another hospital 3. Discussion In our comprehensive study, we conducted a thorough comparison of the renal and patient outcomes between the pRTx and npRTx groups. There was no significant difference in RTx duration, they received that the primary immunosuppressive treatment, the prophylaxis and laboratuary values generally were similar. The proBNP value, measured only in the nPRtx group, was significantly higher than in the pRTx group. And among emergency admissions, chest pain and shortness of breath were significantly higher in the nPRtx group. This was interpreted as a reduction in the preservation of the cardiovascular system due to exposure to dialysis in nPRtx patients, leading to fluid overload. Genovesi et al. (2021) specifically demonstrated the association between dialysis duration and cardiovascular mortality[ 7 ]. Other numerous studies have indicated a positive correlation between dialysis exposure and the development of cardiac problems, even suggesting an increased risk of sudden cardiac death [ 8 – 9 ]. When analyzing the patients' comorbidities, it was observed that HT and DM were significantly more prevalent in the npRTx group (p: 0.037, p: 0.017). This was interpreted as a potential effect of prolonged dialysis exposure on immune reactivity and an increase in comorbidities. The development of NODAT was statistically significantly higher in the pRTx group (p: 0.030). This finding was attributed to the stronger immune systems of patients who had not been previously exposed to dialysis, resulting in a higher need for immunosuppressive treatment. There are numerous studies about the effects of dialysis on the immune system and rejection development during the post-transplant period in the literature that patients with long-term dialysis had significantly higher immune system impairment compared to patients with short-term dialysis [ 10 – 11 ]. In the study conducted by Papas et al. (2019), it was observed that the number and activity of Natural Killer cells (NK cells), and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, decreased due to the biocompatibility of dialysis membranes. And it was observed an impairment of the native immunity represented by NK cell number and phagocytic activity of neutrophils is observed in patients on dialysis[ 12 ]. The outpatient treatment rate of the pRTx group and the hospitalization rate of the npRTx group were observed to be statistically higher but there was no significant difference in terms of ICU admissions, intubation, and mortality rates. In the review conducted by Oweira et al. (2022), it was observed that hospitalization in RTx patients is closely associated with laboratory values and graft survival[ 13 ]. We observed that factors influencing the risk of hospitalization in patients are particularly closely related to laboratory values, complaints at the time of emergency department admission, and graft survival. In our study, regardless of pRTx or npRTx distinction, a significant difference was found, particularly between laboratory values, development of AKI, graft survival and hospitalization. 5. Conclusion In the assessment conducted on RTx patients, it has been observed that the pRTx group has higher long-term advantages. However, in the npRTx group, when comorbidities are reduced and effective renal protection and treatment adherence are achieved, no significant difference was found in terms of mortality rates compared to the pRTx group. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual factors and comorbidities in the treatment and follow-up processes of renal transplant patients. These insights provide valuable guidance for future treatment strategies and patient management. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for obtaining informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee. The Ethics Committee of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine approved this study (Approval no: 876740). Consent for publication Written permission for publication was obtained. Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Access to the data is subject to approval by the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, due to institutional regulations and the need to protect participant confidentiality. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing financial or non-financial interests. Authors’ contributions TG collected the data. AM and MK assisted in data collection. SÖ performed the statistical analyses. SÖ, EU and AT contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements Not applicable. FundingStatement The authors declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Transplantation studies – Organ procurement statement No organs or tissues were obtained from prisoners. All donor organs were obtained from voluntary living or deceased donors through the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Organ Transplantation Unit, Istanbul University, in full compliance with Turkish transplantation law and the principles of the Declaration of Istanbul. Declaration of Helsinki This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (Approval No:16.05.2022-876840). References Seyahi N, Kocyigit I, Ates K, Suleymanlar G. Current Status of Renal Replacement Therapy in Turkey: A Summary of 2020 Turkish Society of Nephrology Registry Report. Turkish J Nephrol. Apr. 2022;31(2):103–9. https://doi.org/10.5152/turkjnephrol.2022.22308 . Johansen KL, Chertow GM, Gilbertson DT, Ishanı A, Israni A, et al. Disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. Mar. 2023;81(3):A8–11. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.12.001 . US Renal Data System 2022 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney. Yoo SW, Kwon OJ, Kang CM. Preemptive Living-Donor Renal Transplantation: Outcome and Clinical Advantages Transplantation Proceedings, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 117–120, Jan. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.09.063 Schold JD, Elfadawy N, Buccini LD, Goldfarb DA, Flechner SM, et al. Emergency Department Visits after Kidney Transplantation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Apr. 2016;11(4):674–83. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.07950715 . Azegami T, Kounoue N, Sofue T, Yazawa M, Tsujita M, et al. Efficacy of pre-emptive kidney transplantation for adults with end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail. Dec. 2023;45(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/0886022X.2023.2169618 . Haller MC, Kainz A, Baer H, Oberbauer R. Dialysis Vintage and Outcomes after Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Jan. 2017;12(1):122–30. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.04120416 . Genovesi S, Boriani G, Covic A, Vernooij RWM, Combe C, et al. Sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients: different causes and management strategies. Nephrol Dialysis Transplantation. Feb. 2021;36(3):396–405. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz182 . Rhee CM, Chou JA, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Dialysis Prescription and Sudden Death Seminars in Nephrology, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 570–581, Nov. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.08.003 Wanner C, Amann K, Shoji T. The heart and vascular system in dialysis. Lancet. Jul. 2016;388(10041):276–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30508-6 . Kaul H, Girndt M, Sester U, Sester M, Köhler H. Initiation of hemodialysis treatment leads to improvement of T-cell activation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. Apr. 2000;35(4):611–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6386(00)70006-0 . Kurts C, Panzer U, Anders H-J, Rees AJ. The immune system and kidney disease: basic concepts and clinical implications. Nat Rev Immunol. Oct. 2013;13(10):738–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3523 . Efthymios PM, Spiridoula M, Periklis K, Andreas C, Sotiris T et al. Oct., The Effect of Dialysis Modality and Membrane Performance on Native Immunity in Dialysis Patients Prilozi – Contributions, Section of Medical Sciences of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Artsvol. 40, 2, pp. 25–32, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2019-0011 Oweira H, Ramouz A, Ghamarnejad O, Khajeh E, Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh S, et al. Risk Factors of Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med. Mar. 2022;11(5):1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051392 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8462559","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":584008657,"identity":"64b025e8-7bbf-4d5e-baf5-f41befdda944","order_by":0,"name":"Tural Quliyev","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tural","middleName":"","lastName":"Quliyev","suffix":""},{"id":584008658,"identity":"934eed42-5137-426a-9192-6eab39e4a74a","order_by":1,"name":"Ece Ük","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ece","middleName":"","lastName":"Ük","suffix":""},{"id":584008663,"identity":"5d62d146-aa74-4ca7-992d-2a6058303160","order_by":2,"name":"Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alpay","middleName":"","lastName":"Medetalibeyoğlu","suffix":""},{"id":584008668,"identity":"e5727212-7f86-46a5-8e5c-b35d9277507b","order_by":3,"name":"Murat Köse","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Murat","middleName":"","lastName":"Köse","suffix":""},{"id":584008669,"identity":"3a15ebab-f94b-48f4-b57a-0fcd0c0cc867","order_by":4,"name":"Savaş Öztürk","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA70lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHADNgYJhgogzczcQJR6CYiWMyAtjKRoYWwDsQlokW8/Y/jxR0VdncHtY4m3K+fVRvO3A7X8qNiGU4vBmRxjaZ4zbBIG59IOW57ddjx3xmHGBsaeM7dxa2FIS5BmbOORMDjD3ibZuO1YbgNQCzNjG24t8v3Pkn/+bJOAaplzLHc+IS0MN5KPSfC2GQC1sB2TbGyoyd1ASIvBjcfHrHnOJEjOPMOWbNlw7EDuRqCWg/j8It+f2HwTGGL8fGfYDG821NTlzjt/+OCDHxV4HIYGDoPJA0SrB4I6UhSPglEwCkbBCAEApH5ZxdtCxm0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Savaş","middleName":"","lastName":"Öztürk","suffix":""},{"id":584008671,"identity":"b875825c-67a3-49a4-af31-8e0f4ef43a45","order_by":5,"name":"Aydın Türkmen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aydın","middleName":"","lastName":"Türkmen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-27 17:53:02","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462559/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462559/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":105752222,"identity":"7702f719-09cc-4f32-bb2e-0b2d8e7619be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-30 15:56:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1090290,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8462559/v1/193508e0-1a64-4924-8238-f633b1461bab.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Comparing emergency admissions and outcomes of preemptive and non-preemptive renal transplant recipients: a comprehensive analysis","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eRenal transplantation (RTx) holds a significant place among renal replacement therapies (RRTs) in terms of renal and patient outcomes in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. It also offers substantial advantages in terms of quality of life and mortality compared to dialysis modalities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. The timing of RTx in renal transplant recipients is a critical factor that significantly influences patient outcomes and the progression of ESRD. Observational studies support the use of preemptive RTx (pRTx) as a more advantageous strategy for the patient and graft outcomes than non-preemptive RTx (npRTx). Several investigations utilizing national data from the United States have repeatedly confirmed the survival advantages of pRTx for adults compared with npRTx, and that the duration of pretransplant dialysis is positively associated with risks of mortality and allograft failure[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. However, it is essential to assess and understand the outcomes and challenges associated with these transplant procedures in order to enhance patient care and optimize transplantation strategies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency visits to the internal medicine unit following Rtx provide valuable insights into post-transplant complications and the general well-being of kidney transplant recipients. By analyzing and comparing the reasons for emergency visits between the pRTx and npRTx groups, we can identify potential differences in the occurrence and nature of post-transplant complications, leading to targeted interventions and preventive measures. For example, a study by Schold et al. (2016) found that the most common reasons for emergency visits in renal transplant recipients were acute rejection episodes, infections, and complications related to immunosuppressive therapy[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenal outcome data, encompassing measures such as renal function, rejection episodes, and the need for additional interventions, are critical in assessing the success and long-term viability of kidney transplants. By comparing these outcomes between the pRTx and npRTx groups, we can gain insights into any disparities and highlight factors that may influence graft function and overall patient well-being. For instance, a study conducted by Azegami et al. (2023) reported that pRTx was associated with better renal function and decreased risk of graft loss compared to npRTx [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, graft survival rates serve as a key metric for evaluating the long-term success of kidney transplantation. Comparing the graft survival rates between the pRTx and npRTx groups will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of pRTx and its impact on graft longevity. Previous research by Haller et al. (2017) demonstrated that pRTx was associated with significantly higher graft survival rates compared to npRTx [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, renal outcome data, including measures such as renal function, rejection episodes, and the need for additional interventions, are crucial in evaluating the success and long-term viability of kidney transplants. Comparing these outcomes between the two groups will shed light on any disparities and highlight factors that may influence graft function and overall patient well-being.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe current study aimed to compare the reasons for emergency internal medicine unit visits, renal outcome data, and graft survival rates between pRTx and npRTx groups. This comprehensive analyses aim to contribute to the existing body of knowledge regarding RTx and improve our understanding of the factors influencing emergency visits, renal outcomes, and graft survival rates.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"1. Material methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e This retrospective study cohort followed the report Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). The Ethics Committee of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine approved this study (no: 876740).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.1. Population and setting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe investigate non-traumatic emergency visits of RTx patients. The medical records of patients presented to the Emergency Internal Medicine Unit at Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine from January 2020 to March 2021 (15 months) were reviewed retrospectively. The study included adult patients aged 18 years and older who had undergone RTx. Patients who had a positive for COVID-19 RT-PCR were not included to the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.2. Measurements and definitions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe reviewed the reasons for emergency unit visit, demographic characteristics, medical histories, comorbidities, primary kidney disease, physical examination findings, vital signs, laboratory results, graft, and patient characteristics, donor sources, immunosuppression regiment, prophylactic treatments, as well as any post-transplant complications. Additionally, the discharge diagnose and hospitalization status, development of acute kidney injury (AKI), in our emergency unit was analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditionally, these parameters were compared between pRTx and npRTx patients. pRTx refers to the transplantation of a kidney into a patient before the need for RRT arises. npRTx refers to the transplantation of a kidney into a patient who is already receiving RRT due to end-stage renal disease.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.3. Statistical analyses\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn descriptive statistics, we presented numbers and percentages for categorical variables and median and interquartile ranges (25\u0026ndash;75%) for numeric variables. The chi-square test was used for two or multiple group comparisons of categorical variables. An Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used in the comparison of numerical variables appropriately. In the multiple group comparisons of numerical variables, we used the variance (ANOVA) test for numerical variables with normal distribution and the Kruskal-Wallis test for those not normally distributed. A multivariate analysis model was created to find the independent parameters associated with hospitalization. Parameters that were found to be significant at hospitalization were included in the univariate analysis results of this model. For this purpose, binary logistic regression analysis (enter method) was used. P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was accepted as the level of significance. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for statistical analyses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"2. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study included a total of 295 RTx recipient patients, with mean age 45.8\u0026thinsp;\u003cspan type=\"Underline\" class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026thinsp;13.3 years and 140 (47.5%) being female. The majority of patients (88.5%) were followed up at Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, while 11.5% received care from external centers. 225 (76.9%) patients received RTx from living donors, and 70 (23.1%) patients received transplants from cadaveric donors. The study included 70 patients (23.7%) who underwent pRTx and 225 patients (76.3%) who underwent npRTx. In the npRTx group, it was observed that most patients (89.3%) received only intermittent hemodialysis before transplantation. The most common primary kidney diseases of RTx recipients were chronic glomerulonephritis 48 (16.3%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis 46 (15.6%), and VUR nephropathy 40 (13.6%), respectively. The most common immunosuppressive treatment combination included tacrolimus (FK), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, MYF), and methylprednisolone combination being used in 166 patients (56.3%). The diagnoses of patients admitted to the emergency internal medicine unit were as follows: 61 patients (20.6%) had urinary tract infections, 48 patients (16.2%) had acute gastroenteritis, and 46 patients (15.5%) had upper respiratory tract infections. A total of 143 patients (48.5%) received oral or parenteral antibiotics due to bacterial infections. Acute kidney injury (AKI) development was investigated by comparing the creatinine value obtained in the emergency unit with the patient's previous admission creatinine value. AKI was observed in 90 patients (30.5%), of which 65 (72%) were stage 1, 9 (10%) were stage 2, and 16 (18%) were stage 3 AKI. In 38 patients (24.2%), positive culture in blood or urine samples results were observed (As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe demographic characteristics, types of donors and renal transplantation, primary kidney diseases, primary immunosuppressive treatment received, diagnosis at the time of presentation, antibiotic usage, and the need for blood transfusion renal transplant patients who admission to the Istanbul Medical Faculty Emergency Internal Medicine Unit.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollow-up\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIstanbul Medical Faculty\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExternal centers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e261\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDonor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiving\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e227\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.9%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCadaveric\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRTx type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epRTx\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enpRTx\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enpRTx groups type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHD\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;PD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary kidney disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic glomerulonephritis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertensive nephrosclerosis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVUR nephropathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnknown cause\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic pyelonephritis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFMF\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Amyloidosis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eADPKD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetic nephropathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlport syndrome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIgA nephropathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLupus nephritis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple myeloma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrescentic glomerulonephritis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary IST\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFK/MMF/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFK/MYF/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFK/AZA/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCsa/MMF/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCsa/AZA/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCsa/MYF/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEVER/MMF/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEVER/AZA/MP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiagnosis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUTI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eURTI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyalgia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSepsis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectolits imbalance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnemia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePn\u0026ouml;monia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiac failure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSinusitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of AKI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStage 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStage 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStage 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntibiotic usage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood transfusion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePositive blood or urine culture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.2%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbbreviations:\u003c/strong\u003e pRTx: preemptive renal transplantation, npRTx: non-preemptive renal transplantation, HD: hemodialysis, PD: periton dialysis, VUR nephropathy: vesicoureteral reflux nephropathy, FMF: familial Mediterranean fever, ADPKD: autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, IST: immunosuppressive therapy, FK: tacrolimus, MMF: mycophenolate mofetil, MP: methylprednisolone, MYF: mycophenolic acid AZA: azathioprine, Csa: cyclosporine-A, EVER: everolimus, UTI: urinary tract infections,\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAGE: acute gastroenteritis, URTI: upper respiratory tract infections, ACS: acute cardiac syndrome, AKI: acute kidney injury\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOthers**: Headache, abdominal pain, nausea, hives, hyperglycemia, knee pain, palpitations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. pRTx and npRTx comparisons:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge at admission and renal function level at the last follow-up were similar between the pRTx and npRTx groups in the comparison of the patients' data on admission to the emergency department. In emergency evaluations; fever, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and eGFR values, uric acid, electrode values and albumin values, CRP, blood pH value, hemoglobin, leukocyte, platelet count were not found significantly different between the groups. The proBNP value measured only in the npRTx group was significantly higher than the pRTx group [median (IQR): 1831 (982\u0026ndash;2727) vs. 199 (185-17800), p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05] (As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic characteristics and laboratory findings at the time of admission for the pRTx and npRTx groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epRTx\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;70 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enpRTx\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;225 (76.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (26\u0026ndash;53)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47 (38\u0026ndash;57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerum creatinine at the last visit (mg/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 (1\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 (1\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (C\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.3 (36\u0026ndash;37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.2 (36\u0026ndash;37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystolic BP (mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130 (114\u0026ndash;145)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130 (117\u0026ndash;147)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiastolic BP (mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (74\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (70\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWBC (10\u0026sup3;/ml)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 (5\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 (7\u0026ndash;11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemoglobin (g/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 (10\u0026ndash;13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 (10\u0026ndash;13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatelet (10\u0026sup3;/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216 (190\u0026ndash;272)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235 (177\u0026ndash;288)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.36 (7\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.36 (7\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreatinine (mg/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.53 (1\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.50 (1\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlbumin (g/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 (4\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 (4\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa (mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137 (135\u0026ndash;140)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138 (135\u0026ndash;141)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK( mmol/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4(4\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 (4\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCa (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 (9\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 (9\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRP (mg/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (2\u0026ndash;36)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (3\u0026ndash;41)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProBNP(pq/ml)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199 (185-17800)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1831 (982\u0026ndash;2727)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUric Acid (mg/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 (5\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 (5\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbbreviations\u003c/b\u003e: pRTx: preemptive renal transplantation, npRTx: non-preemptive renal transplantation, BP: Blood Pressure\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen examining the comorbidities of the patients, hypertension (HT) was present in 199 patients (88.4%) in the npRTx group and in 54 patients (77.1%) in the pRTx group (p: 0.037). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was observed in 45 patients (20%) in the npRTx group and in 6 patients (8.6%) in the pRTx group (p: 0.017). The development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) was observed in 3 patients (4.3%) in the pRTx group and in 1 patient (0.4%) in the npRTx group (p: 0.030).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen comparing patients' presenting complaints, it was observed that the npRTx group particularly had a higher frequency of admission emergency internal medicine unit with complaints of shortness of breath and chest pain had higher rates. The hospitalization rate was higher in the npRTx group, and the outpatient treatment rate was significantly higher in the pRTx group. However, the rates of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), the development of AKI and electrolyte imbalance were not different. Additionally, the hospital admission diagnoses were evaluated for both groups. There was no significant difference observed among the diagnoses of AKI, acute gastroenteritis, acute coronary syndrome, anemia, urinary tract infection, myalgia, pneumonia, cellulitis and sepsis in the patients (As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of comorbidities, outpatient treatment, hospitalization rates, and diagnoses at the time of presentation between PRtx and nPRtx patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epRTx\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;70 (23.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enpRTx\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;225 (76.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54 (%77.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199 (%88.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.037*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (%8.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (%20.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.017*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNODAT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (%4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%0.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.030*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChest pain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (%7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (%18.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicrobiology (positive blood or urine culture)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (%11.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (%13.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShortness of breath\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (%7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (%14.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutpatient treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (%93.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171 (%76.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.012*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospitalization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (%10.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49 (%24.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdmission to the ICU/ Intubation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%1.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (%2.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of AKI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 (%31.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (%30.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrolyte imbalance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%1.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (%5.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAKI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (%4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (%6.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.770\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAGE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (%20.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (%13.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eACS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (%1.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (%5.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnemia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (%8.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (%3.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUTI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (%21.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (%18.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyalgia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (%7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (%6.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.889\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePneumonia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (%5.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (%4.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.515\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCellulitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (%0.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSepsis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (%4.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbbreviations\u003c/b\u003e: HT: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, NODAT: New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Transplantation, ICU: intensive care unit, AKI: acute kidney injury, AGE: acute gastroenteritis, ACS: acute coronary syndrome, UTI: Urinary tract infection\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2. Hospitalization and outcomes:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e239 patients were treated on an outpatient basis, while 56 patients (19%) were hospitalized. 22 patients (7.5%) were interned to the emergency internal medicine service, 13 patients (4.4%) to the nephrology service, and 4 patients (1.4%) to the transplantation service. A total of 6 patients (2%) were ICU, with 3 (1%) of them in the general ICU and 3 (1%) patients interned to the coronary ICU. There were 2 (0.7%) patients admitted to the surgical services due to planned surgical interventions (As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutpatient treatment, hospitalization, and intensive care unit admission rates of renal transplant patients who presented to the emergency internal medicine unit.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutpatient treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e239\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospitalization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternal emergency unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7,5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNephrology\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4,4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther centers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTx unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,4%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral ICU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoroner ICU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChest diseases unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgery unit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrology\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU or intubation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbbreviations\u003c/b\u003e: Tx: transplantation, ICU: intensive care unit\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditionally, patients were compared in two groups as hospitalized and non-hospitalized. There were no significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics and blood pressure among hospitalized patients. The hospitalization rate was higher among patients with elevated heart rates at the time of admission. Examination of laboratory values, patients with low hemoglobin and albumin levels, high creatinine, CRP, and troponin levels had higher hospitalization rates. pRTx groups were more frequently treated on an outpatient basis, while npRTx groups were more commonly hospitalized. Among npRTx, the hospitalization rate was higher among those who received intermittent hemodialysis before transplantation. There were no significant differences in the induction treatment and prophylaxis received by the patients. Patients presenting to the emergency department with oliguria/anuria, shortness of breath, nausea, pain over the graft, and altered consciousness had significantly higher rates of hospitalization. And with AKI and graft loss at presentation had higher hospitalization rates. However, there was no significant difference in terms of ICU admission among patients, and no patient had an exitus (As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, RTx types, received prophylaxis, comorbidities, presenting complaints, development of AKI, and graft loss between hospitalized and outpatient renal transplant patients presenting to the emergency internal medicine unit.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospitalization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-hospitalization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47(39\u0026ndash;57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46(34\u0026ndash;56)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32(57.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108(45.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24(42.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131(54.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCenter*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIstanbul Medical Faculty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43(76.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e218(91.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eother\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(23.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21(8.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration (year)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9(4\u0026ndash;13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9(4\u0026ndash;12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (C\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.25(36\u0026ndash;37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.2(36\u0026ndash;37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSystolic BP (mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127.5(109\u0026ndash;151)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130(118\u0026ndash;147)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiastolic BP (mmHg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80(70\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80(70\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePulse*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100(89\u0026ndash;110)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89(82\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpO2 (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98(97\u0026ndash;99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98(97\u0026ndash;99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHgb (g/dL)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4(9\u0026ndash;12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9(11\u0026ndash;13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWBC (10\u0026sup3;/nl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7(7\u0026ndash;12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9(6\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutrophil (10\u0026sup3;/nl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9(5\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6(4\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLymphocyte (10\u0026sup3;/nl)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(1\u0026ndash;1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1(1\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonocyte (10\u0026sup3;/nl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6(0\u0026ndash;1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5(0\u0026ndash;1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEosinophil (10\u0026sup3;/nl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(0\u0026ndash;0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01(0\u0026ndash;0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlatelet (10\u0026sup3;/l)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e237.5(187\u0026ndash;296)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e231(177\u0026ndash;285)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.34(7\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.36(7\u0026ndash;7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSerum creatinine at the last visit (mg/dl) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(1\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3(1\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreatinine (mg/dl)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.36(2\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.49(1\u0026ndash;2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCRP (mg/L)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39(9-171)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(2\u0026ndash;29)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMg (mg/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7(1\u0026ndash;1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7(1\u0026ndash;1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUric Acid (mg/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8(6\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4(5\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProkalsitonin*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78(0\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.07(0\u0026ndash;0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroponin*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e448.5(140\u0026ndash;2709)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21(14\u0026ndash;37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePro BNP (pq/ml)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2146(1479\u0026ndash;2970)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e899(139\u0026ndash;2652)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNa (mmol/l)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135(132\u0026ndash;140)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138(136\u0026ndash;141)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK( mmol/l)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4(4\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4(4\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCa (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1(9\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3(9\u0026ndash;10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlbumin (g/dL)*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9(4\u0026ndash;4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3(4\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP (mg/dl)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6(3\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(3\u0026ndash;4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRTx type*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epRTx*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(12.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63(26.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enpRTx*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49(87.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e176(73.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious treatment modality*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHD*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47(83.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e154(64.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHD\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;PD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(3.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10(4.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12(5.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDonor type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eliving\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44(78.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183(76.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecadaveric\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12(21.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56(23.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInduction therapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16(28.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43(18.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Simulect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(3.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(2.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo information\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14(5.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37(66.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e172(72.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntirejection\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44(78.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187(78.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrent prophylaxis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(5.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35(14.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12(21.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39(16.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNODAT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(1.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51(91.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e202(84.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiac problems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(32.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61(25.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlace of arrival\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53(94.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216(90.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTx outpatient clinic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(3.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(7.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChest Pain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(23.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33(13.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological Problems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(3.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCough\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(19.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47(19.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhlegm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6(10.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21(8.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDysuria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20(35.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59(24.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOliguria/Anuria*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34(60.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72(30.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShortness of Breath*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15(26.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22(9.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal Pain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20(35.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74(31.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiarrhea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(12.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38(15.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNausea*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(53.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81(33.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVomiting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(23.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45(18.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePain over the graft*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21(37.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51(21.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeizure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e561(100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2391(100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAltered Consciousness*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(5.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAKI*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36(64.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54(22.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAKI stage*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003estage 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17(30.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48(20.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003estage 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5(8.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(1.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003estage 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14(25.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(0.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraft loss*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22(39.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23(9.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExitus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003enone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e561(100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2391(100.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbbreviations\u003c/b\u003e: BP: blood pressure, pRTx: preemptive renal transplantation, npRTx: non preemptive renal transplantation, HD: hemodialysis, PD: periton dialysis, HT: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, NODAT: New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Transplantation, AKI: acute kidney injury.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e*p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eATG**: anti-human activated T lymphocyte globulin\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eOther***: home/work/another hospital\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn our comprehensive study, we conducted a thorough comparison of the renal and patient outcomes between the pRTx and npRTx groups. There was no significant difference in RTx duration, they received that the primary immunosuppressive treatment, the prophylaxis and laboratuary values generally were similar. The proBNP value, measured only in the nPRtx group, was significantly higher than in the pRTx group. And among emergency admissions, chest pain and shortness of breath were significantly higher in the nPRtx group. This was interpreted as a reduction in the preservation of the cardiovascular system due to exposure to dialysis in nPRtx patients, leading to fluid overload. Genovesi et al. (2021) specifically demonstrated the association between dialysis duration and cardiovascular mortality[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Other numerous studies have indicated a positive correlation between dialysis exposure and the development of cardiac problems, even suggesting an increased risk of sudden cardiac death [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen analyzing the patients' comorbidities, it was observed that HT and DM were significantly more prevalent in the npRTx group (p: 0.037, p: 0.017). This was interpreted as a potential effect of prolonged dialysis exposure on immune reactivity and an increase in comorbidities. The development of NODAT was statistically significantly higher in the pRTx group (p: 0.030). This finding was attributed to the stronger immune systems of patients who had not been previously exposed to dialysis, resulting in a higher need for immunosuppressive treatment. There are numerous studies about the effects of dialysis on the immune system and rejection development during the post-transplant period in the literature that patients with long-term dialysis had significantly higher immune system impairment compared to patients with short-term dialysis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. In the study conducted by Papas et al. (2019), it was observed that the number and activity of Natural Killer cells (NK cells), and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, decreased due to the biocompatibility of dialysis membranes. And it was observed an impairment of the native immunity represented by NK cell number and phagocytic activity of neutrophils is observed in patients on dialysis[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe outpatient treatment rate of the pRTx group and the hospitalization rate of the npRTx group were observed to be statistically higher but there was no significant difference in terms of ICU admissions, intubation, and mortality rates. In the review conducted by Oweira et al. (2022), it was observed that hospitalization in RTx patients is closely associated with laboratory values and graft survival[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. We observed that factors influencing the risk of hospitalization in patients are particularly closely related to laboratory values, complaints at the time of emergency department admission, and graft survival. In our study, regardless of pRTx or npRTx distinction, a significant difference was found, particularly between laboratory values, development of AKI, graft survival and hospitalization.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the assessment conducted on RTx patients, it has been observed that the pRTx group has higher long-term advantages. However, in the npRTx group, when comorbidities are reduced and effective renal protection and treatment adherence are achieved, no significant difference was found in terms of mortality rates compared to the pRTx group. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual factors and comorbidities in the treatment and follow-up processes of renal transplant patients. These insights provide valuable guidance for future treatment strategies and patient management.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGiven the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for obtaining informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ethics Committee of Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine approved this study (Approval no: 876740).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWritten permission for publication was obtained.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Access to the data is subject to approval by the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, due to institutional regulations and the need to protect participant confidentiality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing financial or non-financial interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTG collected the data. AM and MK assisted in data collection. S\u0026Ouml; performed the statistical analyses. S\u0026Ouml;, EU and AT contributed to the drafting of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFundingStatement\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransplantation studies \u0026ndash; Organ procurement statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo organs or tissues were obtained from prisoners. All donor organs were obtained from voluntary living or deceased donors through the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Organ Transplantation Unit, Istanbul University, in full compliance with Turkish transplantation law and the principles of the Declaration of Istanbul.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of Helsinki\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (Approval No:16.05.2022-876840).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSeyahi N, Kocyigit I, Ates K, Suleymanlar G. Current Status of Renal Replacement Therapy in Turkey: A Summary of 2020 Turkish Society of Nephrology Registry Report. Turkish J Nephrol. Apr. 2022;31(2):103\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.5152/turkjnephrol.2022.22308\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.5152/turkjnephrol.2022.22308\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJohansen KL, Chertow GM, Gilbertson DT, Ishanı A, Israni A, et al. Disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. Mar. 2023;81(3):A8\u0026ndash;11. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.12.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.12.001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. US Renal Data System 2022 Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYoo SW, Kwon OJ, Kang CM. 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Mar. 2022;11(5):1392. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051392\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/jcm11051392\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Renal transplantation, preemptive transplantation, non-preemptive transplantation, emergency admission","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462559/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462559/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenal transplantation (RTx) is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), enhancing both patient and graft survival. The timing of transplantation\u0026mdash;preemptive (before dialysis) or non-preemptive (after dialysis)\u0026mdash;may influence long-term outcomes. This study aims to compare emergency internal medicine admissions and clinical outcomes between pRTx and npRTx recipients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMaterials and methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRenal transplant patients who presented to the Emergency Internal Medicine Unit of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine between January 1, 2020, and March 1, 2021, were categorized into two groups: preemptive (pRTx) and non-preemptive (npRTx). Data on presenting complaints, demographic characteristics, medical history, comorbidities, laboratory findings, survival rates, and post-transplant complications were evaluated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 295 patients were included in our study, of which 261 (88.5%) were renal transplant patients followed at our center, and 34 (11.5%) were followed at external centers. The patients had a mean age of 45.8\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;13.3 years, and 140 patients (47.5%) were female. RTx was performed from a living donor in 227 patients (76.9%), while 68 patients (23.1%) received a transplant from a cadaveric donor. 70 patients (23.7%) were in the pRTx group, while 225 patients (76.3%) were in the npRTx group. The frequency of comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in the npRTx group compared to the pRTx group. The rate of outpatient treatment was considerably higher in the pRTx; while shortness of breath, chest pain, and hospitalization rates were observed to be higher in the npRTx. There was no difference observed in terms of intensive care unit admission, intubation, and mortality between the two groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt was remarkable that the npRTx group had a higher prevalence of comorbid diseases, hospitalization rates, and infection profiles. However, there is no difference in mortality between the two groups with sufficient renal protection and treatment adherence.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrial registration:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was registered retrospectively in an appropriate clinical trial registry.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparing emergency admissions and outcomes of preemptive and non-preemptive renal transplant recipients: a comprehensive analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-02 16:56:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8462559/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1e992779-4659-4031-a314-7622d571c454","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 2nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-30T11:38:39+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-02 16:56:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8462559","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8462559","identity":"rs-8462559","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}