Click-Chemistry Functionalization of Monodisperse Poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) Microbeads with Propiolic Acid for HILIC Applications

Click-Chemistry Functionalization of Monodisperse Poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) Microbeads with Propiolic Acid for HILIC Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Click-Chemistry Functionalization of Monodisperse Poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) Microbeads with Propiolic Acid for HILIC Applications Arzu Sinem SATILMIŞ, Musa ŞÖLENER This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9346646/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study aimed to prepare polymeric column packing materials and evaluate their chromatographic performance. Initially, a poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (poly(GMA)) starting latex was prepared by dispersion polymerization. Using this latex as a precursor, monodisperse poly(glycerol dimethacrylate-co-glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate) [poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA)] polymeric particles were synthesized via microsuspension polymerization. The morphology and physical characteristics of the obtained polymers were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analysis, and laser diffraction particle size analysis. The poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) particles were treated with sodium azide (NaN₃) to introduce azide functionalities onto the particle surface via click chemistry. Subsequently, propiolic acid was coupled to these particles to obtain poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA)-N₃–propiolic acid polymeric particles containing triazole rings. The surface of the particles was functionalized with propiolic acid via copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) using CuBr as a catalyst and PMDETA as a ligand. The success of the functionalization and the high purity achieved through a rigorous washing procedure (DMF, ethanol, and water) resulted in a robust HILIC stationary phase. The propiolic acid–functionalized poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) particles were packed into a stainless-steel column (4.6 × 150 mm) and connected to a Shimadzu high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Representative analytes, including toluene, acrylamide, thymine, thiourea, cytosine, and inosine, were used to evaluate the chromatographic performance. The analyses were carried out under isocratic conditions using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with UV detection at 254 nm. In the experimental studies, AcN/H₂O mixtures at different compositions were used as the mobile phase. Increasing the AcN content in the mobile phase improved the separation performance of the column while simultaneously reducing the system pressure. Polymeric stationary phase Click chemistry HILIC Monodisperse polymer particles Surface functionalization Poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) Full Text Supplementary Files 2GraphicalAbstract.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 13 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 10 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 09 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9346646","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":626773725,"identity":"4aeb15e8-737a-4029-a680-12e85bc38222","order_by":0,"name":"Arzu Sinem SATILMIŞ","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arzu","middleName":"Sinem","lastName":"SATILMIŞ","suffix":""},{"id":626773726,"identity":"1f17bd3b-0001-47c0-af26-0a54bdec3987","order_by":1,"name":"Musa ŞÖLENER","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgMgkh/CYSZOD1iLZANMCxuxWgwOEKtFt//wgQMfd9jkGx9vvybBUGGd2CDf+wCvFrMbaQkHZ55Js9x25kyZBMOZ9MQGNnYDAlp4DA7zth02MLuRkybB2HYYqIWAy8zOnzE4/Lftv4HxDJCWf8RoOZBjcJix7YCBgUT6MQnGBmK0gPzS25ZsIHHmDLNFwrF04za2NEIOO3zwwc82OwP+9vaHNz7UWMv2Mx/DrwUJ8BgwJDAQF5MwwP6ABMWjYBSMglEwkgAAeU1HZn235mgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-3768","institution":"Eskisehir Osmangazi University: Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Musa","middleName":"","lastName":"ŞÖLENER","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-07 14:40:55","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9346646/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9346646/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108976593,"identity":"99c349e4-df20-4dba-aba8-32dceb0d5352","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-11 11:25:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2714351,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"1MainManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9346646/v1_covered_34eea88f-2e62-40b5-bdbf-47d25577e703.pdf"},{"id":108136663,"identity":"4c2b44db-2267-4cf6-825c-830c303124df","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-29 17:47:09","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":78118,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2GraphicalAbstract.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9346646/v1/27990f1292adaa612a2d9be5.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Click-Chemistry Functionalization of Monodisperse Poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) Microbeads with Propiolic Acid for HILIC Applications","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-polymer-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jpol","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Polymer Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/10965)","snPcode":"10965","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jpol/","title":"Journal of Polymer Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Polymeric stationary phase, Click chemistry, HILIC, Monodisperse polymer particles, Surface functionalization, Poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9346646/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9346646/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to prepare polymeric column packing materials and evaluate their chromatographic performance. Initially, a poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (poly(GMA)) starting latex was prepared by dispersion polymerization. Using this latex as a precursor, monodisperse poly(glycerol dimethacrylate-co-glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate) [poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA)] polymeric particles were synthesized via microsuspension polymerization. The morphology and physical characteristics of the obtained polymers were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer\u0026ndash;Emmett\u0026ndash;Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analysis, and laser diffraction particle size analysis. The poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) particles were treated with sodium azide (NaN₃) to introduce azide functionalities onto the particle surface via click chemistry. Subsequently, propiolic acid was coupled to these particles to obtain poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA)-N₃\u0026ndash;propiolic acid polymeric particles containing triazole rings. The surface of the particles was functionalized with propiolic acid via copper(I)-catalyzed azide\u0026ndash;alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) using CuBr as a catalyst and PMDETA as a ligand. The success of the functionalization and the high purity achieved through a rigorous washing procedure (DMF, ethanol, and water) resulted in a robust HILIC stationary phase. The propiolic acid\u0026ndash;functionalized poly(GDMA-co-GDGDA) particles were packed into a stainless-steel column (4.6 \u0026times; 150 mm) and connected to a Shimadzu high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Representative analytes, including toluene, acrylamide, thymine, thiourea, cytosine, and inosine, were used to evaluate the chromatographic performance. The analyses were carried out under isocratic conditions using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with UV detection at 254 nm. In the experimental studies, AcN/H₂O mixtures at different compositions were used as the mobile phase. 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