Endometriosis incisional. Un hallazgo infradiagnosticado en cirugía general
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Abstract
La endometriosis incisional es una patología poco frecuente hallada en cirugía general, muchas veces confundida con otras entidades clínicas más presentes en nuestro ámbito quirúrgico, como la hernia incarcerada, el lipoma o el cuerpo extraño. Su diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico, sobre todo si la presentación es cíclica en relación con la menstruación. El tratamiento definitivo es quirúrgico y, en ocasiones, requiere una exéresis con márgenes de seguridad seguida de una plastia con malla para cubrir el defecto aponeurótico. Presentamos 3 casos clínicos nuevos, de mujeres en dad fértil, con antecedentes quirúrgicos ginecológicos previos que presentan tumoraciones incisionales en la cicatriz de un Pfannenstiel; en el primero de ellos se planteó el diagnóstico diferencial entre granuloma a cuerpo extraño y hernia incarcerada, pero en los restantes, debido al carácter cíclico del dolor asociado a la tumoración, se pensó en una posible endometriosis incisional. Los diagnósticos definitivos los proporcionó la anatomía patológica tras la exéresis de los tumores. En dos casos se requirió una plastia con malla. Incisional endometriosis is a rare finding in general surgery and is often mistaken for other clinical entities that are more common in our surgical setting such as incarcerated hernia, lipoma or foreign body. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, especially if the presentation is cyclical and related to menstruation. The definitive treatment is surgery, and a mesh plasty is sometimes required to cover the aponeurotic defect left after excision with safety margins. We present three new cases in women of reproductive age with previous gynecological surgery who developed incisional tumors at the Pfannenstiel incision site. The first case posed a differential diagnosis between a granuloma to a foreign body versus an incarcerated hernia. In the remaining cases, because the tumor-associated painwas cyclical, a possible diagnosis of incisional endometriosis was considered. However, the definitive diagnoses were given by histology after excision of the specimen. In two patients a mesh plasty was required.
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