Palladium/polyoxometalate as a cooperative and reusable catalytic system for room temperature aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in aqueous media

Palladium/polyoxometalate as a cooperative and reusable catalytic system for room temperature aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in aqueous media | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Palladium/polyoxometalate as a cooperative and reusable catalytic system for room temperature aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in aqueous media Sirvan Moradi, Saeed Chehri, Zeinab Shirvandi, Amin Rostami This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7389729/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 15 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Research on Chemical Intermediates → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The design of cooperative catalytic systems modeled on nature is a significant development in organic synthesis. In this research, selective oxidation of the primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds using oxygen as an environmentally friendly oxidant and in the presence of the heterogeneous cooperative catalytic system of palladium, sandwich type polyoxometalate [(OCe) 3 (PW 9 O 34 ) 2 ] 12− and hydroquinone (HQ) were investigated. In the first method, palladium nanoparticles on siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF) and polyoxometalate (POM) on Nd-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles were immobilized. Then the aerobic oxidation of the alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of the Pd@MCF/POM@TiO 2 /HQ catalytic system in THF solvent at 40 o C was investigated. In the second method, both palladium and polyoxometalate nanoparticles were immobilized on the same MCF. Then, POM-Pd@MCF/HQ as an efficient and reusable biomimetic catalytic system was used for the aerobic oxidation of the alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with good to excellent yields in water as solvent at room temperature. The Pd@MCF, POM@TiO 2 and POM-Pd@MCF compounds were identified and confirmed by various techniques. Aerobic oxidation Alcohol Carbonyl compounds Heterogeneous cooperative catalytic system Biomimetic process Palladium Polyoxometalate Hydroquinone Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 15 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Research on Chemical Intermediates → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 20 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 16 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7389729","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":509623199,"identity":"dd68a112-63ee-4e2b-83ea-7caa8635b92c","order_by":0,"name":"Sirvan Moradi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Kurdistan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sirvan","middleName":"","lastName":"Moradi","suffix":""},{"id":509623200,"identity":"e08ad97e-6b7c-4ee2-a87b-3080f8a32179","order_by":1,"name":"Saeed Chehri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Kurdistan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saeed","middleName":"","lastName":"Chehri","suffix":""},{"id":509623201,"identity":"28979a95-dd69-4bc9-b755-090f2fd09c00","order_by":2,"name":"Zeinab Shirvandi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Kurdistan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zeinab","middleName":"","lastName":"Shirvandi","suffix":""},{"id":509623202,"identity":"fd015116-c2e3-48a7-9edd-83e66b53312b","order_by":3,"name":"Amin Rostami","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDADNvYGBsYGEIuZKPUJQC08B0jVwiCRANVCCPA38D58+POHXTSf5BvDhzMY7OQZ2Hkf4NUicYDd2JgnITm3TTrH2HADQ7JhAzO7AX5rDrCxSTMkMIO0mEk+YGBOYGBmw69DHqhF8kdCfW6b5BmQlnrCWgyAWiR4Eg7ntknwmEluYDhMWIvhYTZmY56047ltPGnFhjMMjhu2EdIid7yN8eEPm+rc+e2HNz7sqaiW5+c/hl8LWsQBw4qAHaNgFIyCUTAKiAEA+IA1FRwunBAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Kurdistan","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amin","middleName":"","lastName":"Rostami","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-16 23:53:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7389729/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7389729/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-025-05845-5","type":"published","date":"2025-12-15T15:57:45+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":98813945,"identity":"fb134397-b6d6-4d01-9dd8-84694bf408d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-22 16:08:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1010814,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptRCI.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7389729/v1_covered_d04f2f03-c13e-464e-ab4c-d2e4e9f40bcb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Palladium/polyoxometalate as a cooperative and reusable catalytic system for room temperature aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in aqueous media","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"research-on-chemical-intermediates","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"rint","sideBox":"Learn more about [Research on Chemical Intermediates](http://link.springer.com/journal/11164)","snPcode":"11164","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11164/3","title":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Aerobic oxidation, Alcohol, Carbonyl compounds, Heterogeneous cooperative catalytic system, Biomimetic process, Palladium, Polyoxometalate, Hydroquinone","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7389729/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7389729/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe design of cooperative catalytic systems modeled on nature is a significant development in organic synthesis. In this research, selective oxidation of the primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds using oxygen as an environmentally friendly oxidant and in the presence of the heterogeneous cooperative catalytic system of palladium, sandwich type polyoxometalate [(OCe)\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (PW\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e34\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003csup\u003e12\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e and hydroquinone (HQ) were investigated. In the first method, palladium nanoparticles on siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF) and polyoxometalate (POM) on Nd-doped TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e nanoparticles were immobilized. Then the aerobic oxidation of the alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of the Pd@MCF/POM@TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/HQ catalytic system in THF solvent at 40 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC was investigated. 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