Influence of Source Structure and Background Wind on the Excitation, propagation, and Structure of Lamb and Pekeris waves

Influence of Source Structure and Background Wind on the Excitation, propagation, and Structure of Lamb and Pekeris waves | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Influence of Source Structure and Background Wind on the Excitation, propagation, and Structure of Lamb and Pekeris waves Hideaki Ishizaki, Keiichi Ishioka This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9585765/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The excitation, propagation, and structure of eruption-induced Lamb and Pekeris waves, as well as the influence of background winds on them, are investigated using a linear hydrostatic atmospheric model. The amplitudes of the excited waves and the time required to transition to the theoretical structures predicted by classical tidal theory vary substantially depending on the horizontal extent and altitude of the initial temperature perturbation representing the eruption. Numerical experiments also demonstrate that the phase speed, node altitude, and damping characteristics of the Pekeris wave can deviate significantly from their theoretical counterparts in the presence of background winds; the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for these modifications are also examined. Furthermore, satellite-based visualization of the Lamb and Pekeris waves excited by the eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano reveals a clear difference in the damping characteristics between the eastward- and westward-propagating Pekeris waves, which is consistent with the results of our numerical calculations. These wind effects on the Pekeris wave are also consistent with recent simulation results using a high-top general circulation model. Lamb wave Pekeris wave Initial value problem Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 12 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 02 May, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 02 May, 2026 First submitted to journal 01 May, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9585765","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":638986820,"identity":"266c55d5-183b-49f3-8088-3707de850970","order_by":0,"name":"Hideaki Ishizaki","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Kyoto University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hideaki","middleName":"","lastName":"Ishizaki","suffix":""},{"id":638986821,"identity":"39c5fc8b-e265-41da-bbf6-d0306204564f","order_by":1,"name":"Keiichi Ishioka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kyoto University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Keiichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ishioka","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-01 11:53:45","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9585765/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9585765/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109249585,"identity":"a330dd20-7237-4153-9a9b-1f454f798a9b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-14 08:57:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":14133026,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"submit.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9585765/v1_covered_fac8b804-442f-453f-afa5-542504035e89.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Influence of Source Structure and Background Wind on the Excitation, propagation, and Structure of Lamb and Pekeris waves","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-the-meteorological-society-of-japan","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"44394","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44394/3","title":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Lamb wave, Pekeris wave, Initial value problem, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9585765/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9585765/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The excitation, propagation, and structure of eruption-induced Lamb and Pekeris waves, as well as the influence of background winds on them, are investigated using a linear hydrostatic atmospheric model. 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