Determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at referral hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study

Determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at referral hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research note Determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at referral hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study Abenezer Melkie, Mesafint Ewunetu, Simegnew Asmer, Maru Mekie, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.2.10705/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Abstract Objective: This study was aimed to identify determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at referral hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Unmatched case control study design was employed among 336 women who had oxytocin induction with 2:1 control to case ratio. Results: A total of 336 women were participated in the study giving a response rate of 100% for both cases and controls. The odds of having failed induction were found to be 11.77 times higher among women who had intermediate bishop (AOR=11.77(5.19, 26.71)) compared with counterparts. Likewise, the odds of having failed induction were found to be higher (AOR=6.24, 95%, CI: (3.32, 11.73)), (AOR=2.47, 95%, CI: (1.31, 4.68)), and (AOR=2.16, 95%, CI :( 1.13, 4.16)) among women who are primiparous, those who had emergency oxytocin induction, and women with age ≤30 years respectively. Cervical status shall be seen with care prior to oxytocin induction and repining shall be considered to have better outcome. Keywords: Induction of labor, failed induction, Bishop score, Ethiopia Maternal & Fetal Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology Induction of labor Failed induction Bishop score Ethiopia Introduction Failed induction of labor is one of the commonest indication for operative deliveries which in turn results subsequent compilation related to the surgical procedures ( 1 ). Induction is an artificial initiation of uterine contractions before the onset of spontaneous labor by using utero tonic drugs and other methods ( 2 ). Induction of labor can be conducted for different indications such as obstetric indications, medical indications and elective or social indications in which obstetrics indication is the commonest one ( 3 ). Induction of labor is used as obstetrical intervention when a pregnancy accompanied by complications such as pregnancy induced hypertension, chorio-aminionitis, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), polyhydramnios, and post term pregnancy ( 4 ). Induction of labor is recommended when the benefits of delivery out-weigh the risk of continuing the pregnancy ( 5 ). Evidences showed that failed induction of labor increased rates of operative vaginal deliveries ,caesarean sections (C/S) and complication associated with it( 1 ) . Known risk factors for failed induction are null parity, diabetes, and hypertension ( 6 ). Length of time since initiation of induction is also a risk factor for operative delivery in induction ( 7 ). Age of the women is also found to be predictor of failed induction. Women with ages of above 35 years were more likely to face failed induction compared with counterparts( 8 ) . Conversely, a study conducted in King Khalid University Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia disclosed that there was no significant association between maternal age and failed induction of labor ( 9 ). Ethiopia is one of the countries with high maternal and perinatal mortality ( 10 ). In area with a high rate of maternal and perinatal mortality due to poor access to comprehensive emergency obstetric care; identifying determinant of failed oxytocin induction is mandatory. To the knowledge of the authors, there is paucity of studies exploring determinants of failed induction in Ethiopia particularly the study area. Therefore, this study aims to identify determinant for failed oxytocin induction at referral hospitals of Amhara region. Methods A facility based unmatched case control study was conducted at five referral hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia from March 19 to May 18, 2018. The study was conducted in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH), University of Gondar Referral Hospital (UoGRH), Debre Markos Referral Hospital (DMRH), Dessie Referral Hospital (DRH), and Debre Birhan Referral Hospital (DBRH). The study participants were women who delivered by oxytocin induction of labor in the selected five referral hospitals. Double population proportion formula was used to calculate sample size at 95% confidence level, 80% power, and a 2:1 control to case ratio. The final sample size after adding 10 % none response rate was 336 (112 cases, 224 controls). Proportions among cases and controls were taken in a study conducted in Jimma University hospital( 11 ). The calculated sample size of 336 was proportionally allocated for each health facility based on the oxytocin induction report of the last three months. In this regard FHRH= 72, UoGRH=87, DMRH=69, DRH=54, and DBRH=54 samples were allocated to hospitals. Since labor induction is a rare event, consecutive sampling technique was employed to select cases and controls among mothers who had oxytocin induction. Data collection was performed through interview of women who had oxytocin induction and review of medical record to cross check the quality of data obtained by interview and to confirm diagnosis using pretested structured questionnaire and abstraction checklist. Questionnaire was used to assess socio demography factors, obstetric factors, institutional factors, and health indication for labour induction. The questionnaire used for this study was adapted from different studies ( 6 , 9 , 11 ) (additional file 1). Then data was entered in a template prepared in Epi-info version 7 software. Then the collected data was exported to SPSS version 23 for editing, cleaning and analysis. Descriptive analysis such as frequency, and percentage were used to describe different characteristics of the study participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with failed induction. Variables which found to have p value of < 0.2 in the Bivariable analysis were entered in the multivariable model to identify the predictors of failed induction by controlling possible confounding factors at 95% confidence level. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was used to identify the independent predictors of failed induction. P value of < 0.05 was used to state the significance of the association. Ethical clearance letter was obtained from research ethics committee of Bahir Dar University College of medicine and health sciences. Official permission letters was also obtained from Amhara public health institute and all the respective study health facilities. Written consent was obtained from each study participants before the start of data collection process. Confidentiality and anonymity of the record were ensured throughout the execution of the study by using codes than name of the participants throughout the study. Results Socio demographic characteristics A total of 336 respondents (112 cases and 224 controls) were included in the analysis giving a response rate of 100% for both cases and controls. The mean ages of the study participants were 26.31 and 30.00 years with standard deviation of ±4.94 and ±4.263 for cases and controls respectively (table 1). Table 1: socio demographic characteristics of the respondents at Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia, 2018 Obstetric and related Characteristics of the study participants With regards to parity, more than sixty percent, 68 (60.71%) of cases and a tenth, 28 (12.5%) of controls were primiparous. More than ninety percent, 104 (92.86%) of cases and more than forty percent, 97 (43.30 %) of controls were found to have intermediate bishop score (table-2). Table 2: obstetrics characteristics of the respondents at referral hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018 Determinant factors of failed oxytocin induction Table 3 below reveals factors associated with failed oxytocin induction of labor among referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. The odds of having failed induction were found to be 2.47 times higher among women who had emergency oxytocin induction compared with counterparts (AOR= 2.47, 95%, CI: (1.31, 4.68)). The odds of having failed oxytocin induction were found to be 11.77 times higher among women who had intermediate bishop score (AOR= 11.77, 95%, CI: (5.19, 26.71)) compared with those who had favorable cervix. In a similar manner, the odds of having failed induction were found to be 6.24 times higher among primiparous women compared with counterparts (AOR=6.24, 95%, CI: (3.32, 11.73)). With regards to age, women who were ≤ 30 years of age were 2.16 times more likely to experience failed induction (AOR= 2.16, 95%, CI: (1.13,4.16)). Table 3: factors associated with failed oxytocin induction at referal hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018. Discussion This study was aimed to identify the determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at five referral hospitals of Amhara Regional State. The multivariable model indicated that the odds of having failed oxytocin induction were found to be 2.47 times higher among women who had emergency induction compared with counterparts (AOR=2.47, 95%, CI:(1.31 ,4.68)). The finding of our study is in contrast to a study conducted in Jimma university which discovered emergency oxytocin induction had no association with failed oxytocin induction ( 11 ). This might be related to difference in sample size and study design. Moreover, the discrepancy can be explained by variation in the proportion of intermediate bishop score between studies; 198 (59%) in our study and 68 (24.8%) in the study conducted in Jimma university hospital. With regards to bishop score, the multivariable analysis indicated that women who had pre induction intermediate bishop score were 11.77 times more likely to experience failed oxytocin induction compared with women who had favorable bishop score. The finding of our study is in agreement with studies conducted in Jimma and USA ( 11 ). This might be because of the dependency of oxytocin induction on cervical status. There is less preparation of the pelvis in terms of cervical dilatation, effacement, consistency, station of the presenting part and position of the cervixes which leads to failed oxytocin induction ( 12 , 13 ). This discrepancy could be due to the difference in sample size and health service practice in which the presence of subjectivity in assessing bishop score. With regards to parity, being primiparous was found to be a significant predictor of failed oxytocin induction in our study. The odds of having failed oxytocin induction were found to be 6.24 times higher than those multi parous mothers (AOR: 6.24, 95%, CI: (3.32, 11.73)). The is consistent with different studies at Hawassa, Jimma, Pakistan and Norway ( 6 , 11 , 12 , 14 ) . This could be explained by primiparous women are different from multiparous women in pre-induction cervical effacement as well as response to ripening methods. In addition primiparous women have no labor experience hence the rate of cervical collagen fiber dissolution is hard to attain among primiparous women , beside this primiparous uterus could be less sensitive for oxytocin( 15 ). The odds of failed oxytocin among mothers whose age ≤30 years were 2.16 times higher than counterparts (AOR: 2.16, 95%, CI: (1.13, 4.16)). This study supported by a study done at Pakistan ( 6 ) but not supported by studies ( 9 , 11 , 12 ) . This is possibly explained by difference in study population. Conclusion Women with ages of ≤30 years, having intermediate bishop score, and those who had unplanned oxytocin induction were more likely to encounter failed induction. Appropriate cervical preparations (ripening) shall be considered before commencing induction of labor. Limitations The following limitations shall be put into consideration while taking the findings of this study. Due to retrospective nature of the study recall bias might be a concern. The study is conducted at referral hospitals which might not be representative to the general population. Efforts were made to minimize recall bias by complementing interview with medical chart review. Abbreviations ANC: Antenatal Care; FHRH: Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital; UoGRH: University of Gondar Referral Hospital; DMRH: Debre Markos Referral Hospital; DRH: Dessie Referral Hospital; DBRH: Debre Birhan Referral Hospital Declarations Ethical approval and consent The study was approved by research ethics committee of college of Medicine and health science of Bahir Dar University. Written official letter was submitted to the study facilities to get permission. Moreover, the purpose of the study was disclosed to the study participants and written consent was obtained from each study participant before initiation of data collection process. Privacy and autonomy of the study participants were maintained. Consent for publication Not applicable Availability of data and materials The data set used in this study is available from the corresponding author and can be accessible through reasonable request at any time. Competing interests We declare that there is no competing interest in this study. Funding The data collection process has been funded by Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences. The funding body has no role in the design, data collection, analysis and write-up. Authors’ contribution AM, ME, SA, MM and ED contributed to the study design, data collection, analysis, and write-up. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank, Bahir Dar University for financing the data collection fee. Beside this, we want to extend our deepest gratitude to Amhara Public Health Institute for their cooperation in approving the ethical process of this study. Lastly, our gratefulness goes to the study participants, data collectors, and supervisors in general. References 1. WHO. recommendations for Induction of labour. WHO Geneva. (2011). 2. Basson E, Odendaal H, Grové D. Oxytocin use in South Africa-a review. South African Medical Journal. 2004;94(10):839-45. 3. Abisowo O, Oyinyechi A, Olusegun F, Oyedokun O, Motunrayo A, Abimbola O. Feto-maternal outcome of induced versus spontaneous labour in a Nigerian Tertiary Maternity Unit. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2017;34(1):21. 4. Caughey AB SV, Kaimal AJ et.al . Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Elective Induction of Labor. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. March 2009. 5. Gynaecologists RCoOa. IInduction of labour. Evidence based clinical guideline London: RCOG Press; . 2001;number 9. (255):2. 6. Khan NB, Ahmed I, Malik A, Sheikh L. Factors associated with failed induction of labour in a secondary care hospital. JPMA-Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2012;62(1):6. 7. Luthy DA, Malmgren JA, Zingheim RW, Leininger CJ. Physician contribution to a cesarean delivery risk model. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2003;188(6):1579-87. 8. Wilson BL. Assessing the effects of age, gestation, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity on labor inductions. Journal of nursing scholarship. 2007;39(3):208-13. 9. Al-Shaikh GK, Wahabi HA, Fayed AA, Esmaeil SA, Al-Malki GA. Factors associated with successful induction of labor. Saudi Med J. 2012;33(3):298-303. 10. Central Statistical Agency (CSA). Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia CSA; 2017. 11. Girma W, Tseadu F, Wolde M. Outcome of Induction and Associated Factors among Term and Post-Term Mothers Managed at Jimma University Specialized Hospital: A Two Years’ Retrospective Analysis. Ethiopian journal of health sciences. 2016;26(2):123-32. 12. Bekana Fekecha Hurissa1* MGaTB. Prevalence of Failed Induction of Labor and Associated Factors Among Women Delivered in Hawassa Public Health Facilities, Ethiopia, . 2015. 13. Osmundson S, Ou-Yang RJ, Grobman WA. Elective induction compared with expectant management in nulliparous women with an unfavorable cervix. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2011;117(3):583-7. 14. Heimstad R RP, Salvesen KA:. Acta :. Induction of labor for post-term pregnancy and risk estimates for intrauterine and perinatal death. Obstet Gynecol Scand.247–249. 15. Levine LD, Downes KL, Elovitz MA, Parry S, Sammel MD, Srinivas SK. Mechanical and pharmacologic methods of labor induction: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2016;128(6):1357-64. Tables Table 1: socio demographic characteristics of the respondents at Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia, 2018 Socio demographic characteristics of respondents(n=336) Cases n=112 Controls n=224 Age in years : ≤30 years <30 years 90(80.36%) 127(56.70%) 22(19.64%) 97(43.30%) Residen ce: Urban Rural 77(68.75%) 147(65.63%) 35(31.25%) 77(34.37%) Religion : Orthodox Muslim Protestant 94(83.93%) 194(86.61%) 14 (12.5%) 26(11.61%) 4(3.57%) 4(1.78%) Ethnicity : Amhara Oromo Tigrie Guragie 106(94.64%) 212(94.64%) 2(1.79%) 1 (0.45%) 1(0.89%) 5(2.23%) 3(2.68%) 6(2.68%) Marital status : Married Divorced Widowed 106 (94.64%) 203(90.63%) 5 (4.46%) 17(7.59%) 1(0.9%) 4(1.78%) Occupation : Governmental workers Daily laborer Merchant Hose wife Student 25(23.32%) 40 (17.86%) 4(3.57%) 13 (5.8%) 30(26.79%) 60 (26.79 %) 50(44.64%) 106 (47.32%) 3(1.68%) 5 (2.23%) Household income in ETB : =5196 24 (21.43%) 58 (25.89%) 62(55.36%) 127 (56.69%) 26 (23.21) 36 (16.07%) 0 3 (1.35%) Educational level : No education 33 (29.46%) 79 (35.27%) Primary 35 (31.25%) 75 (33.48%) Secondary and above 44(39.29%) 70(31.25%) Table 2: obstetrics characteristics of the respondents at referral hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018 characteristics of respondents(n=336) Cases n=112 N (%) Controls n=224 N (%) Parity : Primiparous 68 (60.71%) 28 (12.5%) Multiparous 44 (39.29%) 196 (87.5%) ANC follow up : Yes 62 (55.36%) 143 (63.84%) No 50 (44.64 %) 81 (36.16%) Bad obstetric history : Yes 8 (7.14%) 7(3.12%) No 104 (92.86%) 217 (96.88%) Timing of induction : Planned 36 (32.14%) 151 (67.42%) Emergency 76 (67.86%) 73 (32.58%) Bishop score : 5-8 104 (92.86%) 97 (43.30 %) ≥ 9 Membrane rupture : Yes No 8(7.14%) 15(13.39%) 97 (86.61%) 127(56.70 %) 25(11.17%) 198(88.83%) Gestational age : 42 weeks 8 (7.14%) 13(5.8%) Weight of the baby 4000 gm 9(8.03%) 11 (4.91%) Cervix ripening Yes 77 (68.75%) 86 (38.39%) No 35 (31.25%) 138 (61.61%) Table 3: factors associated with failed oxytocin induction at referal hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018 . Variables Cases (n=112) Controls (n=224) COR(95%CI) AOR(95%CI) Timing of induction: Emergency Planned 89 (67.86%) 23 (32.14%) 109(32.59%) 115(67.42%) 4.08(2.41, 6.92) 1 2.47(1.31 ,4.68) * 1 Bad obstetric history: Yes No 8 (7.14%) 104 (92.86%) 7 (3.12%) 217(96.88%) 2.38(0.84, 6.75) 1 1.73(0.45, 6.62) 1 Bishop Score: 5-8 ≥9 104 (92.86%) 8 (7.14%) 97 (43.30%) 127 (56.70%) 17.02(7.91, 36.62) 1 11.77 (5.19,26.71) * 1 Parity: Primi parous Multi parous 68 (60.71%) 44 (39.29%) 28 (12.5%) 196 (87.5%) 10.82 (6.25,18.72) 1 6.24 (3.32, 11.73) * 1 Cervical ripening: No Yes 77(68.75%) 35(31.25%) 86(38.39%) 138(61.61%) 3.53 (2.18, 5.72) 1 1.63(0.76, 3.47) 1 Age in years: ≤30 >30 90(80.36%) 22(19.64%) 127(56.70%) 97(43.30%) 3.13 (1.83,5.34) 1 2.16 (1.13,4.16) * 1 Key: AOR: Adjusted odds ratio, COR: Crude odds ratio, * significant in AOR Supplementary Files additionalfileone.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1656","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research note","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":101856,"identity":"47097ce7-1aac-4458-b48d-fa3960c428b0","order_by":1,"name":"Abenezer Melkie","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLACxgYGBj4eIPkByGFjJ1YLG1AL4wyQFmbitTAwMPOAeIS06LafTpP8uWObHBvP4cbHNr+2yfMxMzB++JiDW4vZmdxt0rxnbhuz8TY2G+f23TZsY2Zglpy5DY+WA0AtjG23E9v4Gdukc3tuMwK1sDHz4tNy/u02yZ9tt+uBWtp/W/bcties5UbuNgnettsJQIcBFf8AWkdYy9vN1kAthm08B5slextuJ7cxMzbj98v53I03gQ6T5+dJf/jhx5/btvPbmw9++IhHCypgbAOTDcSqB4E/pCgeBaNgFIyCkQIACJZSEpVvAJAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abenezer","middleName":"","lastName":"Melkie","suffix":""},{"id":101857,"identity":"f751edfa-24cb-4942-a517-9e0f5ebdbb00","order_by":2,"name":"Mesafint Ewunetu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mesafint","middleName":"","lastName":"Ewunetu","suffix":""},{"id":101858,"identity":"3069ed78-33e8-4a67-9bc9-87ff00ab7a7b","order_by":3,"name":"Simegnew Asmer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bahir Dar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Simegnew","middleName":"","lastName":"Asmer","suffix":""},{"id":101859,"identity":"c68f0bca-6860-43fe-9664-ce7e50a0d0f2","order_by":4,"name":"Maru Mekie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maru","middleName":"","lastName":"Mekie","suffix":""},{"id":101860,"identity":"d80823cc-080a-46bc-9dea-eb01c32745cd","order_by":5,"name":"Enyew Dagnew","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Debre Tabor University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Enyew","middleName":"","lastName":"Dagnew","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2019-06-25 14:19:38","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.10705/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.10705/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13467912,"identity":"84f93e4d-164f-4127-adb6-13d46ff580e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 20:56:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":401042,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1656/v1/425fa8e3-e01b-4f24-9058-52bf7903b8df.pdf"},{"id":606531,"identity":"c0a9669d-425e-4392-890c-42cea9e09c47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-03-06 14:39:04","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":20784,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"additionalfileone.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1656/v1/additional file one.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at referral hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\n\u003cp\u003eFailed induction of labor is one of the commonest indication for operative deliveries\n which in turn results subsequent compilation related to the surgical procedures (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e\n \n 1\n \u003c/a\u003e). Induction is an artificial initiation of uterine contractions before the onset\n of spontaneous labor by using utero tonic drugs and other methods (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_2\"\u003e\n \n 2\n \u003c/a\u003e). Induction of labor can be conducted for different indications such as obstetric\n indications, medical indications and elective or social indications in which obstetrics\n indication is the commonest one (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_3\"\u003e\n \n 3\n \u003c/a\u003e). Induction of labor is used as obstetrical intervention when a pregnancy accompanied\n by complications such as pregnancy induced hypertension, chorio-aminionitis, intrauterine\n fetal death (IUFD), polyhydramnios, and post term pregnancy (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_4\"\u003e\n \n 4\n \u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eInduction of labor is recommended when the benefits of delivery out-weigh the risk\n of continuing the pregnancy (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_5\"\u003e\n \n 5\n \u003c/a\u003e). Evidences showed that failed induction of labor increased rates of operative vaginal\n deliveries ,caesarean sections (C/S) and complication associated with it(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_1\"\u003e\n \n 1\n \u003c/a\u003e) . Known risk factors for failed induction are null parity, diabetes, and hypertension\n (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e\n \n 6\n \u003c/a\u003e). Length of time since initiation of induction is also a risk factor for operative\n delivery in induction (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_7\"\u003e\n \n 7\n \u003c/a\u003e). Age of the women is also found to be predictor of failed induction. Women with\n ages of above 35 years were more likely to face failed induction compared with counterparts(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_8\"\u003e\n \n 8\n \u003c/a\u003e) . Conversely, a study conducted in King Khalid University Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia disclosed\n that there was no significant association between maternal age and failed induction\n of labor (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e\n \n 9\n \u003c/a\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eEthiopia is one of the countries with high maternal and perinatal mortality (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_10\"\u003e\n \n 10\n \u003c/a\u003e). In area with a high rate of maternal and perinatal mortality due to poor access\n to comprehensive emergency obstetric care; identifying determinant of failed oxytocin\n induction is mandatory. To the knowledge of the authors, there is paucity of studies\n exploring determinants of failed induction in Ethiopia particularly the study area.\n Therefore, this study aims to identify determinant for failed oxytocin induction at\n referral hospitals of Amhara region. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":" \n\u003cp\u003eA facility based unmatched case control study was conducted at five referral hospitals\n in Amhara region, Ethiopia from March 19 to May 18, 2018. The study was conducted in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH), University of\n Gondar Referral Hospital (UoGRH), Debre Markos Referral Hospital (DMRH), Dessie\n Referral Hospital (DRH), and Debre Birhan Referral Hospital (DBRH). The study participants\n were women who delivered by oxytocin induction of labor in the selected five referral\n hospitals. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eDouble population proportion formula was used to calculate sample size at 95% confidence\n level, 80% power, and a 2:1 control to case ratio. The final sample size after adding\n 10 % none response rate was 336 (112 cases, 224 controls). Proportions among cases and controls were taken in a study conducted in Jimma University\n hospital(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\n 11\u003c/a\u003e). The calculated sample size of 336 was proportionally allocated for each health\n facility based on the oxytocin induction report of the last three months. In this\n regard FHRH= 72, UoGRH=87, DMRH=69, DRH=54, and DBRH=54 samples were allocated to hospitals. Since labor induction\n is a rare event, consecutive sampling technique was employed to select cases and controls among mothers\n who had oxytocin induction. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eData collection was performed through interview of women who had oxytocin induction\n and review of medical record to cross check the quality of data obtained by interview\n and to confirm diagnosis using pretested structured questionnaire and abstraction\n checklist. Questionnaire was used to assess socio demography factors, obstetric factors,\n institutional factors, and health indication for labour induction. The questionnaire\n used for this study was adapted from different studies (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e\n 6\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e\n 9\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\n 11\u003c/a\u003e) (additional file 1). \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eThen data was entered in a template prepared in Epi-info version 7 software. Then\n the collected data was exported to SPSS version 23 for editing, cleaning and analysis.\n Descriptive analysis such as frequency, and percentage were used to describe different\n characteristics of the study participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression\n analysis were performed to identify factors associated with failed induction. Variables\n which found to have p value of \u0026lt; 0.2 in the Bivariable analysis were entered in the\n multivariable model to identify the predictors of failed induction by controlling\n possible confounding factors at 95% confidence level. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was\n used to identify the independent predictors of failed induction. P value of \u0026lt; 0.05\n was used to state the significance of the association.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003e Ethical clearance letter was obtained from research ethics committee of Bahir Dar\n University College of medicine and health sciences. Official permission letters was\n also obtained from Amhara public health institute and all the respective study health\n facilities. Written consent was obtained from each study participants before the start\n of data collection process. Confidentiality and anonymity of the record were ensured\n throughout the execution of the study by using codes than name of the participants\n throughout the study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":" \n\u003ch3\u003e Socio demographic characteristics\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eA total of 336 respondents (112 cases and 224 controls) were included in the analysis\n giving a response rate of 100% for both cases and controls. The mean ages of the study\n participants were 26.31 and 30.00 years with standard deviation of ±4.94 and ±4.263\n for cases and controls respectively (table 1). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1: socio demographic characteristics of the respondents at Amhara region referral\n hospitals, Ethiopia, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n\u003ch3\u003eObstetric and related Characteristics of the study participants\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eWith regards to parity, more than sixty percent, 68 (60.71%) of cases and a tenth,\n 28 (12.5%) of controls were primiparous. More than ninety percent, 104 (92.86%) of cases and more than forty percent, 97\n (43.30 %) of controls were found to have intermediate bishop score (table-2). \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eTable 2: obstetrics characteristics of the respondents at referral hospitals in Amhara\n Region, Ethiopia, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \n \n \n \n\u003ch3\u003eDeterminant factors of failed oxytocin induction \u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eTable 3 below reveals factors associated with failed oxytocin induction of labor among\n referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. The odds of having failed induction\n were found to be 2.47 times higher among women who had emergency oxytocin induction\n compared with counterparts (AOR= 2.47, 95%, CI: (1.31, 4.68)). The odds of having failed oxytocin induction were found\n to be 11.77 times higher among women who had intermediate bishop score (AOR= 11.77,\n 95%, CI: (5.19, 26.71)) compared with those who had favorable cervix. In a similar manner, the odds of having failed induction were found to be 6.24 times\n higher among primiparous women compared with counterparts (AOR=6.24, 95%, CI: (3.32,\n 11.73)). With regards to age, women who were ≤ 30 years of age were 2.16 times more\n likely to experience failed induction (AOR= 2.16, 95%, CI: (1.13,4.16)). \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eTable 3: factors associated with failed oxytocin induction at referal hospitals in\n Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":" \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eThis study was aimed to identify the determinants of failed oxytocin induction among\n women who gave birth at five referral hospitals of Amhara Regional State. The multivariable model indicated that the odds of having failed oxytocin induction\n were found to be 2.47 times higher among women who had emergency induction compared\n with counterparts (AOR=2.47, 95%, CI:(1.31 ,4.68)). The finding of our study is in\n contrast to a study conducted in Jimma university which discovered emergency oxytocin induction had no association\n with failed oxytocin induction (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\n \n 11\n \u003c/a\u003e). This might be related to difference in sample size and study design. Moreover,\n the discrepancy can be explained by variation in the proportion of intermediate bishop\n score between studies; 198 (59%) in our study and 68 (24.8%) in the study conducted\n in Jimma university hospital.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eWith regards to bishop score, the multivariable analysis indicated that women who\n had pre induction intermediate bishop score were 11.77 times more likely to experience\n failed oxytocin induction compared with women who had favorable bishop score. The\n finding of our study is in agreement with studies conducted in Jimma and USA (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\n \n 11\n \u003c/a\u003e). This might be because of the dependency of oxytocin induction on cervical status.\n There is less preparation of the pelvis in terms of cervical dilatation, effacement,\n consistency, station of the presenting part and position of the cervixes which leads\n to failed oxytocin induction (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_12\"\u003e\n \n 12\n \u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_13\"\u003e\n \n 13\n \u003c/a\u003e). This discrepancy could be due to the difference in sample size and health service\n practice in which the presence of subjectivity in assessing bishop score. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eWith regards to parity, being primiparous was found to be a significant predictor\n of failed oxytocin induction in our study. The odds of having failed oxytocin induction\n were found to be 6.24 times higher than those multi parous mothers (AOR: 6.24, 95%, CI: (3.32, 11.73)). The is consistent with different studies at Hawassa, Jimma, Pakistan and Norway\n (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e\n \n 6\n \u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\n \n 11\n \u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_12\"\u003e\n \n 12\n \u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_14\"\u003e\n \n 14\n \u003c/a\u003e) . This could be explained by primiparous women are different from multiparous women\n in pre-induction cervical effacement as well as response to ripening methods. In addition\n primiparous women have no labor experience hence the rate of cervical collagen fiber\n dissolution is hard to attain among primiparous women , beside this primiparous uterus\n could be less sensitive for oxytocin(\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_15\"\u003e\n \n 15\n \u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n \n\u003cp\u003eThe odds of failed oxytocin among mothers whose age ≤30 years were 2.16 times higher\n than counterparts (AOR: 2.16, 95%, CI: (1.13, 4.16)). This study supported by a study done at Pakistan (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_6\"\u003e\n \n 6\n \u003c/a\u003e) but not supported by studies (\u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_9\"\u003e\n \n 9\n \u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_11\"\u003e\n \n 11\n \u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#_ENREF_12\"\u003e\n \n 12\n \u003c/a\u003e) . This is possibly explained by difference in study population. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch3\u003eConclusion\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eWomen with ages of ≤30 years, having intermediate bishop score, and those who had\n unplanned oxytocin induction were more likely to encounter failed induction. Appropriate\n cervical preparations (ripening) shall be considered before commencing induction of\n labor. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch5\u003e Limitations \u003c/h5\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eThe following limitations shall be put into consideration while taking the findings\n of this study. Due to retrospective nature of the study recall bias might be a concern.\n The study is conducted at referral hospitals which might not be representative to\n the general population. Efforts were made to minimize recall bias by complementing\n interview with medical chart review. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":" \n\u003cp\u003eANC: Antenatal Care; FHRH: Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital; UoGRH: University of Gondar\n Referral Hospital; DMRH: Debre Markos Referral Hospital; DRH: Dessie Referral Hospital;\n DBRH: Debre Birhan Referral Hospital\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations ","content":" \n\u003ch3\u003eEthical approval and consent\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by research ethics committee of college of Medicine and health\n science of Bahir Dar University. Written official letter was submitted to the study\n facilities to get permission. Moreover, the purpose of the study was disclosed to\n the study participants and written consent was obtained from each study participant\n before initiation of data collection process. Privacy and autonomy of the study participants\n were maintained.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch3\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch3\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eThe data set used in this study is available from the corresponding author and can\n be accessible through reasonable request at any time.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch3\u003e Competing interests\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eWe declare that there is no competing interest in this study. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch3\u003e Funding\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eThe data collection process has been funded by Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine\n and Health Sciences. The funding body has no role in the design, data collection,\n analysis and write-up. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch3\u003e Authors’ contribution\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eAM, ME, SA, MM and ED contributed to the study design, data collection, analysis, and write-up. All authors\n read and approved the final manuscript. \u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch3\u003e Acknowledgements\u003c/h3\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank, Bahir Dar University for financing the data collection fee. Beside this, we want to extend our deepest gratitude to Amhara Public Health Institute\n for their cooperation in approving the ethical process of this study. Lastly, our\n gratefulness goes to the study participants, data collectors, and supervisors in general. \u003c/p\u003e\n "},{"header":"References","content":" \n\u003cp\u003e1.\n WHO. recommendations for Induction of labour. WHO Geneva. (2011).\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e2.\n Basson E, Odendaal H, Grové D. Oxytocin use in South Africa-a review. South African\n Medical Journal. 2004;94(10):839-45.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e3.\n Abisowo O, Oyinyechi A, Olusegun F, Oyedokun O, Motunrayo A, Abimbola O. Feto-maternal\n outcome of induced versus spontaneous labour in a Nigerian Tertiary Maternity Unit.\n Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2017;34(1):21.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e4.\n Caughey AB SV, Kaimal AJ \u003ca href=\"http://et.al\"\u003eet.al\u003c/a\u003e. Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Elective Induction of Labor. Agency for Healthcare\n Research and Quality. March 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e5.\n Gynaecologists RCoOa. IInduction of labour. Evidence based clinical guideline London:\n RCOG Press; . 2001;number 9. (255):2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e6.\n Khan NB, Ahmed I, Malik A, Sheikh L. Factors associated with failed induction of labour\n in a secondary care hospital. JPMA-Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2012;62(1):6.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e7.\n Luthy DA, Malmgren JA, Zingheim RW, Leininger CJ. Physician contribution to a cesarean\n delivery risk model. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2003;188(6):1579-87.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e8.\n Wilson BL. Assessing the effects of age, gestation, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity\n on labor inductions. Journal of nursing scholarship. 2007;39(3):208-13.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e9.\n Al-Shaikh GK, Wahabi HA, Fayed AA, Esmaeil SA, Al-Malki GA. Factors associated with\n successful induction of labor. Saudi Med J. 2012;33(3):298-303.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e10.\n Central Statistical Agency (CSA). Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis\n Ababa, Ethiopia CSA; 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e11.\n Girma W, Tseadu F, Wolde M. Outcome of Induction and Associated Factors among Term\n and Post-Term Mothers Managed at Jimma University Specialized Hospital: A Two Years’\n Retrospective Analysis. Ethiopian journal of health sciences. 2016;26(2):123-32.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e12.\n Bekana Fekecha Hurissa1* MGaTB. Prevalence of Failed Induction of Labor and Associated\n Factors Among\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eWomen Delivered in Hawassa Public Health Facilities, Ethiopia, . 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e13.\n Osmundson S, Ou-Yang RJ, Grobman WA. Elective induction compared with expectant management\n in nulliparous women with an unfavorable cervix. Obstetrics \u0026amp; Gynecology. 2011;117(3):583-7.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e14.\n Heimstad R RP, Salvesen KA:. Acta :. Induction of labor for post-term pregnancy and\n risk estimates for intrauterine and perinatal death. Obstet Gynecol Scand.247–249.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e15.\n Levine LD, Downes KL, Elovitz MA, Parry S, Sammel MD, Srinivas SK. Mechanical and\n pharmacologic methods of labor induction: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics\n \u0026amp; Gynecology. 2016;128(6):1357-64.\u003c/p\u003e\n \n\n "},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in -.1in 10.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eTable 1: \u0026nbsp;socio demographic characteristics of the respondents at Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia, 2018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.35pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.35pt;\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eSocio demographic characteristics of respondents(n=336)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.35pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eCases\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003en=112\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 27.35pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eControls\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003en=224\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.5pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eAge in years\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026le;30 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026lt;30 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.5pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 14.5pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e90(80.36%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e127(56.70%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e22(19.64%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e97(43.30%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"tab-stops: center 80.55pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Residen\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003ece:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eUrban\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eRural\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e77(68.75%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e147(65.63%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e35(31.25%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e77(34.37%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Religion\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eOrthodox\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eMuslim\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eProtestant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e94(83.93%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e194(86.61%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e14 (12.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e26(11.61%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e4(3.57%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e4(1.78%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" rowspan=\"5\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Ethnicity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eAmhara\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eOromo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eTigrie\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eGuragie\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e106(94.64%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e212(94.64%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e2(1.79%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e1 (0.45%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e1(0.89%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e5(2.23%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e3(2.68%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e6(2.68%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Marital status\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"tab-stops: 27.0pt center 89.1pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Married\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eDivorced\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eWidowed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e106 (94.64%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e203(90.63%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e5 (4.46%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e17(7.59%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e1(0.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e4(1.78%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" rowspan=\"6\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Occupation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eGovernmental workers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eDaily laborer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eMerchant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eHose wife\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eStudent\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e25(23.32%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e40 (17.86%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e4(3.57%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e13 (5.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e30(26.79%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e60 (26.79 %)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e50(44.64%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e106 (47.32%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 3.85pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 3.85pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e3(1.68%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 3.85pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e5 (2.23%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" rowspan=\"5\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eHousehold \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;income in ETB\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026lt;=1650\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e1651-3145\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e3146-5195\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026gt;=5196\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e24 (21.43%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e58 (25.89%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e62(55.36%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e127 (56.69%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e26 (23.21)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e36 (16.07%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 7.4pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 7.4pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e3 (1.35%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Educational level\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eNo education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e33 (29.46%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e79 (35.27%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.7pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003ePrimary\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e35 (31.25%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 13.7pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e75 (33.48%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 11.25pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 189.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 11.25pt;\" width=\"252\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eSecondary and above\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.25in; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 11.25pt;\" width=\"120\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e44(39.29%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 11.25pt;\" width=\"168\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; 70(31.25%)\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"page-break-after: avoid; margin: 12.0pt 0in 3.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16.0pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in .2in 10.0pt .2in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in .2in 10.0pt .2in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in -.1in 10.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eTable 2: obstetrics characteristics of the respondents at referral hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38.2pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.2pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003echaracteristics of respondents(n=336)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.2pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eCases n=112\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.2pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eControls n=224\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Parity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"tab-stops: center 87.3pt right 174.6pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Primiparous\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e68 (60.71%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e28 (12.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eMultiparous\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e44 (39.29%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e196 (87.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eANC follow up\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e62 (55.36%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e143 (63.84%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;50 (44.64 %)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e81 (36.16%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eBad obstetric history\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;8 (7.14%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e7(3.12%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e104 (92.86%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e217 (96.88%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eTiming of induction\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ePlanned\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;36 (32.14%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e151 (67.42%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eEmergency\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;76 (67.86%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;73 (32.58%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eBishop score\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e5-8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e104 (92.86%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e97 (43.30 %)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026ge; 9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eMembrane rupture\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;8(7.14%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;15(13.39%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;97 (86.61%)\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;127(56.70 %)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e25(11.17%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e198(88.83%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eGestational age\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026lt;37 weeks\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e23 (20.54%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e37 (16.52%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e37-42 weeks\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e81 (72.32%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e174 (77.68%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026gt;42 weeks\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e8 (7.14%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e13(5.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eWeight of \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003ethe baby\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026lt;2500 gm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e23(20.54%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e28 (12.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e2500-4000 gm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e80 (71.43%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e185 (82.59%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026gt;4000 gm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e9(8.03%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e11 (4.91%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eCervix ripening \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e77 (68.75%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e86 (38.39%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 185.4pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"247\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 94.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e35 (31.25%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\" width=\"156\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e138 (61.61%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eTable 3:\u0026nbsp; factors associated with failed oxytocin induction at referal hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #00b0f0;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none;\" width=\"679\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38.45pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.9pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"157\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: navy;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eVariables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eCases\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e(n=112)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eControls\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e(n=224)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eCOR(95%CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: black;\"\u003eAOR(95%CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.9pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.9pt;\" width=\"157\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eTiming of induction:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eEmergency\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Planned\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.9pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e89 (67.86%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e23 (32.14%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.9pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e109(32.59%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e115(67.42%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.9pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e4.08(2.41, 6.92)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.9pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e2.47(1.31 ,4.68)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 37.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 37.75pt;\" width=\"157\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eBad obstetric history: \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 37.75pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e8 (7.14%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e104 (92.86%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 37.75pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e7 (3.12%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e217(96.88%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 37.75pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e2.38(0.84, 6.75)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 37.75pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1.73(0.45, 6.62)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 44.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 44.5pt;\" width=\"157\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eBishop Score:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e5-8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026ge;9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 44.5pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e104 (92.86%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e8 (7.14%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 44.5pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e97 (43.30%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e127 (56.70%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 44.5pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e17.02(7.91, 36.62)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 44.5pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e11.77 (5.19,26.71)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.0pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.0pt;\" width=\"157\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-right: .4in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eParity:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003ePrimi parous\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eMulti parous\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.0pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e68 (60.71%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e44 (39.29%) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.0pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e28 (12.5%) \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e196 (87.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.0pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e10.82 (6.25,18.72)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 40.0pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e6.24 (3.32,\u0026nbsp; 11.73)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38.45pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.9pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"157\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eCervical ripening:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e77(68.75%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e35(31.25%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e86(38.39%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e138(61.61%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e3.53 (2.18, 5.72)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 38.45pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1.63(0.76, 3.47)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 57.9pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 117.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 57.9pt;\" width=\"157\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003eAge in years:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026le;30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026gt;30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 57.9pt;\" width=\"108\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e90(80.36%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e22(19.64%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 57.9pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e127(56.70%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e97(43.30%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 57.9pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e3.13 (1.83,5.34)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 103.5pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height: 57.9pt;\" width=\"138\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e2.16 (1.13,4.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in .2in .0001pt .2in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; text-autospace: none; margin: 0in .2in .0001pt .2in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003eKey: AOR: Adjusted odds ratio, COR: Crude odds ratio, * significant in AOR \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 150%; margin: 0in .2in 10.0pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: #2f2b20;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Induction of labor, Failed induction, Bishop score, Ethiopia","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.2.10705/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.10705/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Abstract\n\nObjective: This study was aimed to identify determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at referral hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Unmatched case control study design was employed among 336 women who had oxytocin induction with 2:1 control to case ratio.\nResults: A total of 336 women were participated in the study giving a response rate of 100% for both cases and controls. The odds of having failed induction were found to be 11.77 times higher among women who had intermediate bishop (AOR=11.77(5.19, 26.71)) compared with counterparts. Likewise, the odds of having failed induction were found to be higher (AOR=6.24, 95%, CI: (3.32, 11.73)), (AOR=2.47, 95%, CI: (1.31, 4.68)), and (AOR=2.16, 95%, CI :( 1.13, 4.16)) among women who are primiparous, those who had emergency oxytocin induction, and women with age ≤30 years respectively. Cervical status shall be seen with care prior to oxytocin induction and repining shall be considered to have better outcome.\nKeywords: Induction of labor, failed induction, Bishop score, Ethiopia","manuscriptTitle":"Determinants of failed oxytocin induction among women who gave birth at referral hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2018: A case control study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2019-06-27 14:26:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.10705/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1a78c41b-e338-4ed6-bb3a-76b4119cc7ba","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 27th, 2019","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":14654,"name":"Maternal \u0026 Fetal Medicine"},{"id":14655,"name":"Obstetrics \u0026 Gynecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2020-05-29T03:01:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2019-06-27 14:26:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1656","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"identity":"rs-1656","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"pf3fE39SIOqb-0xH_OWvX","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}