Fertilizer Best Management Practices for Sustainable Phosphorus Management in Cereal-Based Cropping Systems

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, and its deficiency in soils poses a significant global challenge to agricultural productivity, particularly in cereal-based cropping systems. A substantial proportion of global croplands and grasslands are classified as P-deficient, necessitating phosphorus inputs to sustain soil fertility and food production. Moreover, optimizing phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is critical to reducing environmental impacts while maintaining agricultural sustainability. This review explores the best management practices (BMPs) for enhancing phosphorus use, emphasizing sustainable strategies that mitigate ecological consequences. It highlights the need for integrated approaches that account for local agricultural conditions, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability. By advancing knowledge of P cycling, soil health, and innovative fertilizer application techniques, this study aims to promote sustainable phosphorus management. Implementing these BMPs can help stakeholders balance crop productivity with environmental stewardship, ensuring the long-term viability and resilience of cereal-based cropping systems globally.