The Role of Viscosity in Cleaning Efficiency: Effects of Heating on Cooking Oil Properties and Dishwasher Performance

The Role of Viscosity in Cleaning Efficiency: Effects of Heating on Cooking Oil Properties and Dishwasher Performance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The Role of Viscosity in Cleaning Efficiency: Effects of Heating on Cooking Oil Properties and Dishwasher Performance Shaojin Ma, Yan Bai, Jiajia Shao, Xue Bai This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9423251/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Edible oil is a primary energy source in human diets. This study investigates the effects of heating temperature on the physicochemical properties of edible oils and their impact on dishwasher cleaning performance. First, the density and viscosity of peanut oil, rapeseed oil, and soybean oil were measured at room temperature and after heating to 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250°C. Accordingly, two oils with the greatest viscosity difference—soybean oil at room temperature (SO_25) and peanut oil heated to 250°C (PO_250)—were selected for dishwasher cleaning performance tests. Residue penalty score (RPS) and re-deposition penalty score (RDPS) were defined to characterize the cleaning ability and anti-redeposition performance of dishwashers. The results indicated that PO_250 generally exhibited lower cleaning scores. In the quick wash mode, the RPS and RDPS of PO_250 and SO_25 were relatively similar; however, in the standard wash mode, both RPS and RDPS of PO_250 were higher than those of SO_25. Statistical analysis further revealed that changes in washing mode have a greater impact on cleaning scores for high-viscosity oil than for low-viscosity oil. Moreover, low-viscosity oil exhibited greater inter-machine variability in dishwasher cleaning scores compared with high-viscosity oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging showed that PO_250 formed an oil film on the ceramic surface, whereas SO_25 appeared as discrete particles. This study provides a scientific basis for developing regionally applicable dishwasher testing standards, contributing to the optimization of cleaning technologies. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Edible oil Dishwasher Cleaning performance Temperature SEM Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementary.docx Rawdata.xlsx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 05 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 20 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 16 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 15 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9423251","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":630779173,"identity":"16d0cf33-4ca8-4c5f-af69-5030cb3e59d7","order_by":0,"name":"Shaojin Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China National Institute of Standardization","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shaojin","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":630779174,"identity":"8e37a4a6-eb12-4fbb-b468-396d2bf4d6ab","order_by":1,"name":"Yan Bai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China National Institute of 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This study investigates the effects of heating temperature on the physicochemical properties of edible oils and their impact on dishwasher cleaning performance. First, the density and viscosity of peanut oil, rapeseed oil, and soybean oil were measured at room temperature and after heating to 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250\u0026deg;C. Accordingly, two oils with the greatest viscosity difference\u0026mdash;soybean oil at room temperature (SO_25) and peanut oil heated to 250\u0026deg;C (PO_250)\u0026mdash;were selected for dishwasher cleaning performance tests. Residue penalty score (RPS) and re-deposition penalty score (RDPS) were defined to characterize the cleaning ability and anti-redeposition performance of dishwashers. The results indicated that PO_250 generally exhibited lower cleaning scores. In the quick wash mode, the RPS and RDPS of PO_250 and SO_25 were relatively similar; however, in the standard wash mode, both RPS and RDPS of PO_250 were higher than those of SO_25. 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This study provides a scientific basis for developing regionally applicable dishwasher testing standards, contributing to the optimization of cleaning technologies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Role of Viscosity in Cleaning Efficiency: Effects of Heating on Cooking Oil Properties and Dishwasher Performance","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-29 09:56:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9423251/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-06T07:11:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-05T13:06:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T12:02:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"75293771112692093015149228214726929368","date":"2026-05-01T13:13:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"252090222001745788994741445541911187711","date":"2026-04-26T15:16:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"156685221868083688026798103744913673070","date":"2026-04-23T13:17:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-20T23:20:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-20T10:45:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-16T04:08:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-16T04:08:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2026-04-15T07:20:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bc7ff483-21c7-45ab-bfd4-a51ee8da4bf7","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-06T07:11:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-05T13:06:16+00:00","index":35,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T12:02:06+00:00","index":34,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"75293771112692093015149228214726929368","date":"2026-05-01T13:13:53+00:00","index":33,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":67136943,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"},{"id":67136944,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":67136945,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-11T00:23:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-29 09:56:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9423251","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9423251","identity":"rs-9423251","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}