Baseline tebuconazole sensitivity and potential resistant mechanisms in Fusarium graminearum

Baseline tebuconazole sensitivity and potential resistant mechanisms in Fusarium graminearum | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Baseline tebuconazole sensitivity and potential resistant mechanisms in Fusarium graminearum Feng Zhou, Xiaoli Zhou, Yan jiao, Aohui Han, Huanhuan Zhou, Zeyuan Chen, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910222/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background The Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum results in reduced crop yields and the potential for vomitoxin contamination, which poses a risk to both human and livestock health. The primary method of control relies on the application of chemical fungicides. Results The current study found that the tebuconazole sensitivity of 165 F. graminearum isolates collected from the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China between 2019 and 2023 ranged from 0.005 to 2.029 µg/mL, with an average EC 50 value of 0.33 ± 0.03 µg/mL. The frequency distribution conformed to a unimodal curve around the mean, and therefore provides a useful reference for monitoring the emergence of tebuconazole resistance in field populations of F. graminearum . Analysis of five tebuconazole-resistant mutants produced under laboratory conditions indicated that although the mycelial growth of the mutants were significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced, spore production and germination rates could be significantly ( p < 0.05) increased. However, pathogenicity tests confirmed a severe fitness cost associated with tebuconazole resistance, as all of the mutants completely loss the ability to infect host tissue. Furthermore, in general the resistant mutants were found to have increased sensitivity to abiotic stress, such as ionic and osmotic stress, though not to Congo red and oxidative stress, to which they were more tolerant. No cross-resistance was detected between tebuconazole and other unrelated fungicides such as flutriafol, propiconazole and fluazinam, but there was a clear negative cross-resistance with triazole fungicides including fludioxonil, epoxiconazole, metconazole, and hexaconazole. Meanwhile, molecular analysis identified several point mutations in the CYP51 genes of the mutants, which resulted in two substitutions (I281T, and T314A) in the predicted sequence of the FgCYP51A subunit, as well as seven (S195F, Q332V, V333L, L334G, M399T, E507G, and E267G) in the FgCYP51C subunit. In addition, it was also noted that the expression of the CYP51 genes in one of the mutants, which lacked point mutations, was significantly up-regulated in response to tebuconazole treatment. Conclusions These results provide useful data that allow for more rational use of tebuconazole in the control of F. graminearum , as well as for more effective monitoring of fungicide resistance in the field. Fusarium graminearum Tebuconazole Baseline sensitivity Cross-resistance Resistant mechanism Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Mar, 2024 Reviews received at journal 04 Mar, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Feb, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Feb, 2024 Editor invited by journal 02 Feb, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 02 Feb, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Feb, 2024 First submitted to journal 30 Jan, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3910222","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":270688977,"identity":"c7d62586-716b-4a68-9526-02cb92d1de30","order_by":0,"name":"Feng Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Henan Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":270688978,"identity":"1e098cbd-5dd6-42e7-8d91-7231bb285452","order_by":1,"name":"Xiaoli Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Henan Institute of Science and 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Fusarium graminearum","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fusarium graminearum, Tebuconazole, Baseline sensitivity, Cross-resistance, Resistant mechanism","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910222/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3910222/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fusarium head blight caused by \u003cem\u003eFusarium graminearum\u003c/em\u003e results in reduced crop yields and the potential for vomitoxin contamination, which poses a risk to both human and livestock health. The primary method of control relies on the application of chemical fungicides.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe current study found that the tebuconazole sensitivity of 165 \u003cem\u003eF. graminearum\u003c/em\u003e isolates collected from the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China between 2019 and 2023 ranged from 0.005 to 2.029 \u0026micro;g/mL, with an average EC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e value of 0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03 \u0026micro;g/mL. The frequency distribution conformed to a unimodal curve around the mean, and therefore provides a useful reference for monitoring the emergence of tebuconazole resistance in field populations of \u003cem\u003eF. graminearum\u003c/em\u003e. Analysis of five tebuconazole-resistant mutants produced under laboratory conditions indicated that although the mycelial growth of the mutants were significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) reduced, spore production and germination rates could be significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) increased. However, pathogenicity tests confirmed a severe fitness cost associated with tebuconazole resistance, as all of the mutants completely loss the ability to infect host tissue. Furthermore, in general the resistant mutants were found to have increased sensitivity to abiotic stress, such as ionic and osmotic stress, though not to Congo red and oxidative stress, to which they were more tolerant. No cross-resistance was detected between tebuconazole and other unrelated fungicides such as flutriafol, propiconazole and fluazinam, but there was a clear negative cross-resistance with triazole fungicides including fludioxonil, epoxiconazole, metconazole, and hexaconazole. Meanwhile, molecular analysis identified several point mutations in the \u003cem\u003eCYP51\u003c/em\u003e genes of the mutants, which resulted in two substitutions (I281T, and T314A) in the predicted sequence of the \u003cem\u003eFgCYP51A\u003c/em\u003e subunit, as well as seven (S195F, Q332V, V333L, L334G, M399T, E507G, and E267G) in the \u003cem\u003eFgCYP51C\u003c/em\u003e subunit. 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