Electrical characteristics and desaturation effectiveness during horizontal electrolysis in calcareous sand

Electrical characteristics and desaturation effectiveness during horizontal electrolysis in calcareous sand | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Electrical characteristics and desaturation effectiveness during horizontal electrolysis in calcareous sand Yumin Chen, Ying Zhou, Runze Chen, Saeed Sarajpoor, Xiao Xie This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5880648/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Electrolysis desaturation is an emerging technique that reduces liquefaction risk in liquefiable foundations by decreasing soil saturation. This study investigated the effectiveness of horizontal electrolysis in treating calcareous sandy foundations in marine environments. Experiments were conducted using 35‰ NaCl solution as pore fluid of calcareous sand under different current intensities (1 A, 2 A, and 4 A). Results showed that during continuous electrolysis, hydrogen gas (H 2 ) was generated at the cathode while chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) was produced at the anode, with gas production depending on current intensity and electrolysis duration. The resistivity variation process in calcareous sand could be divided into three distinct stages, primarily influenced by temperature and gas content. After temperature correction, saturation changes under different current intensities revealed that soil layers near the electrodes experienced more significant saturation changes compared to middle layers. Following the cessation of electrolysis, gas redistribution occurred, resulting in decreased saturation in upper soil layers. Lower current intensities proved more effective in retaining gases within the sand matrix. This study proposes a coefficient for calcareous sand electrolyte resistivity and establishes a relationship between electrical resistivity and pore gas content in calcareous sand, providing theoretical support for practical applications in coastal foundation engineering. Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Geology Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Seismology Electrolysis desaturation Calcareous sand Resistivity Liquefaction mitigation Pore gas content Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5880648","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":433044633,"identity":"5f8a6680-6e07-4d6d-a3f6-87d4a21ec100","order_by":0,"name":"Yumin Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAqUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNoaPDQdADAPitTDOJFkLMy9JWgyuHX722HbHncQG9uZtEgw1d4jQcjvN3Dj3zLPEBp5jZRIMx54RoyWHTTq37XBig0SOmQRjw2EitViCtMi/IUULI9gWHiK1SN5OM5PsbTts3MaTVmyRcIwILXy3k59J/Gw7LNvPfnjjjQ81RGhROABlsIGIBMIaGBjkG4hRNQpGwSgYBSMbAAAZMjwMGdT/SgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Hohai University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yumin","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":433044634,"identity":"6190d1af-97b3-4cd2-9c3c-b343bae703e0","order_by":1,"name":"Ying Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hohai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ying","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":433044635,"identity":"051da843-49d7-4ee1-89f9-bae42c8328da","order_by":2,"name":"Runze Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hohai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Runze","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":433044636,"identity":"c3e51b26-afd1-4778-b12c-48ef4e7d5b61","order_by":3,"name":"Saeed Sarajpoor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saeed","middleName":"","lastName":"Sarajpoor","suffix":""},{"id":433044637,"identity":"b1b059b6-df2d-4380-b7fa-08a4b99cfbde","order_by":4,"name":"Xiao Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hohai University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-22 11:53:36","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5880648/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5880648/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79810631,"identity":"f5f296da-52e4-47d9-98be-ce028a62c456","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-03 06:32:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1677665,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2025318manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5880648/v1_covered_557665bd-f7c5-47f1-80dd-cf1f02a65006.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Electrical characteristics and desaturation effectiveness during horizontal electrolysis in calcareous sand","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Electrolysis desaturation, Calcareous sand, Resistivity, Liquefaction mitigation, Pore gas content","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5880648/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5880648/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eElectrolysis desaturation is an emerging technique that reduces liquefaction risk in liquefiable foundations by decreasing soil saturation. This study investigated the effectiveness of horizontal electrolysis in treating calcareous sandy foundations in marine environments. Experiments were conducted using 35\u0026permil; NaCl solution as pore fluid of calcareous sand under different current intensities (1 A, 2 A, and 4 A). Results showed that during continuous electrolysis, hydrogen gas (H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) was generated at the cathode while chlorine gas (Cl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) was produced at the anode, with gas production depending on current intensity and electrolysis duration. The resistivity variation process in calcareous sand could be divided into three distinct stages, primarily influenced by temperature and gas content. After temperature correction, saturation changes under different current intensities revealed that soil layers near the electrodes experienced more significant saturation changes compared to middle layers. Following the cessation of electrolysis, gas redistribution occurred, resulting in decreased saturation in upper soil layers. Lower current intensities proved more effective in retaining gases within the sand matrix. This study proposes a coefficient for calcareous sand electrolyte resistivity and establishes a relationship between electrical resistivity and pore gas content in calcareous sand, providing theoretical support for practical applications in coastal foundation engineering.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Electrical characteristics and desaturation effectiveness during horizontal electrolysis in calcareous sand","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-25 11:57:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5880648/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8c96f01a-e80e-443d-8aae-868cce5d9b81","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":46110425,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards"},{"id":46110426,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences"},{"id":46110427,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Geology"},{"id":46110428,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences/Seismology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-03T06:23:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-25 11:57:08","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5880648","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5880648","identity":"rs-5880648","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}