Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis

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This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in this area, based on 260 publications indexed in Scopus between 2000 and 2023. Methods This study employed a comprehensive bibliometric method using both quantitative and network analysis approaches. Publications were retrieved from Scopus database using a structured search equation incorporating keywords related to organic waste, municipal marketplaces, and waste management strategies. The final dataset included 260 publications spanning from 2000 to 2023, including original research articles, systematic reviews, book chapters, and conference proceedings. Data were processed using Bibliometrix R-package for productivity metrics (annual scientific output, author productivity, journal impact) and VOSviewer for visualization of bibliographic networks. Co-authorship patterns were analyzed at both author and country levels to find collaboration structures. Keyword co-occurrence analysis was conducted to map thematic clusters and research trends. Additionally, a strategic diagram was constructed to categorize research themes based on relevance to the field and degree of development. Results The findings show a notable surge in publications since 2016, driven by circular economic policies, climate change mitigation efforts, and the demand for sustainable urban solutions. Key authors include Zurbrügg, Tilley, Mpanang’ombe, and Zhang, with significant contributions to composting technologies, waste valorization, and bioenergy solutions. Leading journals such as Journal of Cleaner Production (Q1, IF 2023: 9.7), Sustainability (Switzerland) (Q2, IF 2023: 3.3), and Biocycle (Q4, IF 2023: 0.02) have been pivotal in disseminating interdisciplinary research. Conclusions This analysis reveals a global collaborative effort to optimize organic waste management but identifies persistent challenges, including limited integration in developing regions and fragmented co-authorship networks. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches and fair knowledge transfer to develop scalable, context-specific solutions that enhance urban sustainability. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-540", "name": "Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces:..." } } ] } Home Browse Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces:... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Noreña -Toro N, Loaiza-Castro S, Londoño-Giraldo LM and Gaviria-Arias D. Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.163513.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] Nicolas Noreña -Toro 1 , Stiven Loaiza-Castro https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3119-9464 1 , Lina Maria Londoño-Giraldo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-0245 1 , Duverney Gaviria-Arias 1 Nicolas Noreña -Toro 1 , Stiven Loaiza-Castro https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3119-9464 1 , Lina Maria Londoño-Giraldo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-0245 1 , Duverney Gaviria-Arias 1 PUBLISHED 30 May 2025 Author details Author details 1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Libre - Campus Pereira, Comuna Oriente, Risaralda, 660001, Colombia Nicolas Noreña -Toro Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Stiven Loaiza-Castro Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Lina Maria Londoño-Giraldo Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Duverney Gaviria-Arias Roles: Funding Acquisition, Project Administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background The management of organic waste generated in municipal marketplaces has gained increasing prominence over the last two decades due to its critical impact on urban sustainability, public health, and the environment. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in this area, based on 260 publications indexed in Scopus between 2000 and 2023. Methods This study employed a comprehensive bibliometric method using both quantitative and network analysis approaches. Publications were retrieved from Scopus database using a structured search equation incorporating keywords related to organic waste, municipal marketplaces, and waste management strategies. The final dataset included 260 publications spanning from 2000 to 2023, including original research articles, systematic reviews, book chapters, and conference proceedings. Data were processed using Bibliometrix R-package for productivity metrics (annual scientific output, author productivity, journal impact) and VOSviewer for visualization of bibliographic networks. Co-authorship patterns were analyzed at both author and country levels to find collaboration structures. Keyword co-occurrence analysis was conducted to map thematic clusters and research trends. Additionally, a strategic diagram was constructed to categorize research themes based on relevance to the field and degree of development. Results The findings show a notable surge in publications since 2016, driven by circular economic policies, climate change mitigation efforts, and the demand for sustainable urban solutions. Key authors include Zurbrügg, Tilley, Mpanang’ombe, and Zhang, with significant contributions to composting technologies, waste valorization, and bioenergy solutions. Leading journals such as Journal of Cleaner Production (Q1, IF 2023: 9.7), Sustainability (Switzerland) (Q2, IF 2023: 3.3), and Biocycle (Q4, IF 2023: 0.02) have been pivotal in disseminating interdisciplinary research. Conclusions This analysis reveals a global collaborative effort to optimize organic waste management but identifies persistent challenges, including limited integration in developing regions and fragmented co-authorship networks. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches and fair knowledge transfer to develop scalable, context-specific solutions that enhance urban sustainability. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Organic waste management, Municipal marketplaces, Circular economy, Sustainability, Composting Corresponding Author(s) Lina Maria Londoño-Giraldo ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Lina Maria Londoño-Giraldo Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: Supported by Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia (SGR) BPIN 2022000100035. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2025 Noreña -Toro N et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Noreña -Toro N, Loaiza-Castro S, Londoño-Giraldo LM and Gaviria-Arias D. Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.163513.1 ) First published: 30 May 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.163513.1 ) Latest published: 30 May 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.163513.1 ) Introduction The management of organic waste generated in municipal marketplaces has become a topic of growing relevance for researchers, public managers, and environmental professionals. This interest arises from the considerable impact that these wastes have on urban management, public health, and the environment. 1 Market places, as centers of local commerce, generate large volumes of organic waste daily that, without proper management, contribute to soil and water pollution, in addition to being a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane, which intensify climate change. 2 The highly biodegradable nature of these wastes presents both challenges and opportunities in their management, demanding sustainable and effective approaches. Organic waste management is a crucial component of global efforts to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption). 3 According to the World Bank, organic waste constitutes more than 50% of municipal solid waste in low- and middle-income countries, underscoring the urgency of addressing this problem on a global scale. 4 In the past 15 years, scientific production on organic waste management in municipal markets has increased significantly, reflecting the urgency to find innovative and sustainable solutions. Research has addressed approaches ranging from conventional techniques, such as composting and anaerobic digestion 5 to the adoption of advanced technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and the Internet of Things (IoT), to optimize waste collection, processing and treatment. 6 The highly biodegradable nature of these wastes presents both challenges and opportunities in their management. On the one hand, their rapid decomposition can lead to health and environmental problems if not effectively managed. On the other hand, this same characteristic makes them a valuable resource to produce compost, biogas, and other value-added products, aligning with the principles of the circular economy. 7 Globally, various strategies are implemented to address this challenge. In the European Union, the Waste Framework Directive requires Member States to separately collect biowaste by 2023, driving research and innovation in this field. 8 In developing countries, where informal markets play a crucial role in food distribution, solutions adapted to the local context explored, such as community composting and decentralized management systems. 9 Despite these advances, significant knowledge gaps persist, particularly in terms of adapting technological solutions to different socioeconomic and cultural contexts. Furthermore, the integration of informal actors into formal waste management systems remains a challenge in many regions of the world. 10 The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in organic waste management in municipal marketplaces. Through this approach, it will identify the most prominent study topics, the most used methodologies, the leading countries in research, and the collaborative networks between authors and institutions. 11 This type of analysis is essential to understand the evolution of the field, identify knowledge gaps, and guide efforts towards more effective solutions in the future. The results of this bibliometric analysis will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research, highlighting critical areas that require further attention in future studies. Furthermore, they will contribute to fostering a collaborative and efficient approach to the sustainable management of organic waste in municipal markets, responding to the growing environmental and urban challenges of our time. Methods Selection of the database For the bibliometric analysis, Scopus was selected as the main database. This choice was based on the broad multidisciplinary coverage offered by Scopus, covering diverse areas such as physical sciences, health sciences, biological sciences, social sciences, and humanities. 12 The Scopus database is ideally suited for this study due to its extensive repository of citations and publications, providing a comprehensive view of scientific productivity in multiple domains of knowledge. 13 In addition, Scopus facilitates the analysis of co-authorship networks, co-occurrence of key terms, and other bibliometric indicators essential for a comprehensive analysis. 14 Inclusion and exclusion criteria To ensure the relevance and quality of the articles included in this bibliometric analysis, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. Original research articles, systematic reviews, book chapters and conference proceedings published between 2000 and 2023, written in English, Spanish or Portuguese, were included. Papers had to explicitly address organic waste management in the context of municipal markets or similar urban areas. Editorials, letters to the editor, brief notes, and articles that did not undergo peer review were excluded. In addition, studies that focused exclusively on industrial or agricultural waste were discarded, as well as those that dealt with waste management in general without a specific focus on organic waste from markets. Results were exported in.CSV format for further analysis, and included key data such as titles, authors, affiliations, keywords, abstracts, number of citations, countries of publication and journals. Creation of the search equation The design of the search algorithm followed the best practices in the construction of equations for bibliometric analysis. 15 This algorithm was developed to capture relevant literature on organic waste management in urban and municipal settings, including key terms related to organic waste, urban markets, and management strategies. The search included international terms and covered both traditional and innovative technological solutions such as composting, bioconversion and circular economy. The search equation implemented in Scopus was as follows: (“organic waste” OR “food waste” OR “biodegradable waste” OR “organic residues” OR “municipal solid organic waste” OR “green waste” OR “compostable waste”) AND (“marketplaces” OR “markets” OR “farmer’s market” OR “bazaar” OR “public market” OR “local market” OR “street market”) AND (“valorization” OR “waste management” OR “composting” OR “recycling” OR “waste utilization” OR “resource recovery” OR “bioconversion” OR “circular economy” OR “sustainability” OR “environmental impact” OR “waste-to-energy” OR “upcycling” OR “material recovery”) AND (“municipal” OR “city” OR “urban” OR “local government” OR “civic” OR “metropolitan” OR “town” OR “municipality”) AND NOT (“wastewater” OR “agricultural waste” OR “industrial waste”). Bibliometric analysis and visualization For the processing and analysis of bibliometric data, two main tools were used: Bibliometrix and VOSviewer. Bibliometrix, an open-source package for R, 16 was used to perform quantitative analyses of the scientific literature, including annual production, analysis of most productive authors and countries, and identification of the most relevant journals. This tool allowed the generation of co-citation and keyword co-occurrence matrices, fundamental for network analysis. On the other hand, VOSviewer 17 was used for the visualization of bibliometric networks. This tool was particularly useful for creating maps of co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence and cross-country collaboration, allowing a clear graphical representation of the relationships between different elements of the analysis. The combination of these two tools provided both quantitative and visual insights into trends and patterns in organic waste management research in municipal markets. The categories of analysis are described below. Productivity analysis Productivity by year: The number of publications per year was analyzed to identify temporal trends in research on organic waste management in municipal markets. This analysis allowed us to observe peaks in research activity and influences of global events or policies. Productivity by author: The most prolific authors in the field were identified and ranked, evaluating their contribution in terms of number of publications. This metric allows us to measure the influence of key researchers in the development of waste management solutions. Productivity by journal: The productivity of the main scientific journals that have published on organic waste management was analyzed, highlighting the most influential publications by number of articles and their impact on the scientific community. Network analysis Geographical distribution: This analysis evaluated the global distribution of scientific production, allowing the identification of the most active countries in research on organic waste management in municipal markets. The visualization of these data showed the main research centers and their growth over time. Keywords: Keyword co-occurrence analysis was used to identify the most researched thematic areas and emerging trends in the field. The clusters identified reflect the main lines of research, such as composting, circular economy and environmental impact of waste. Strategic diagram: The strategic diagram mapped the key concepts related to organic waste management according to their centrality and density. This analysis made it possible to identify core, driving, emerging or declining themes within the field. Analysis of co-authorship patterns Cross-country collaboration: International collaboration was evaluated, identifying the most active networks of interaction between countries. This analysis revealed the global research dynamics and how countries have collaborated to solve common problems related to organic waste. Collaboration between authors: Co-authorship networks were analyzed to identify connections between key researchers. This analysis showed collaboration clusters, highlighting networks of researchers who have led significant advances in the field. https://www.protocols.io/private/D0F881D8BCB411EFBA610A58A9FEAC02 Results and discussion This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of research trends in the management of organic waste generated in municipal marketplaces. Through a detailed analysis of the scientific literature, 14 a comprehensive perspective of the current state and evolution of this field of study is presented. The research covered 260 publications indexed in reputable scientific databases, covering a period of 23 years (2000-2023). This broad time range was selected to capture both the historical evolution and the most current trends, providing a comprehensive overview of the advances in research on organic waste management in municipal markets. The bibliometric analysis made it possible to identify the main trends in various areas, such as the temporal evolution of publications, the leading countries and institutions in the field, the most frequent and emerging thematic areas, as well as the most used methodologies and approaches. In addition, it highlights the most prolific authors, the most significant international collaborations and the scientific journals that have published the largest number of relevant articles on the subject. Overall, this analysis offers a detailed and critical overview of the dynamics of research in this field, providing valuable insights into its development and future projection. Productivity analysis Productivity per year The sustained growth of annual scientific publications reflects an increased interest in organic waste management in municipal markets. Respect to the Figure 1 in fact, in the early years (between 2000 and 2015), the number of publications can be considered low, which could be interpreted as a first period of exploration of the topic in environmental sciences and waste management; 18 gradually growing in step with a first focus linked to sustainability and proper management of resources in urban areas, particularly in municipal markets. 19 Figure 1. Publications by year related to urban waste management. From 2015 onwards, the number of existing publications is considerably higher, which could be associated with the already consolidated concern for the circular economy and the SDGs as global goals. 18 In this period, everyone starts to become aware of the need to reuse, recycle and valorize waste as part of an urban sustainability agenda, especially in local and urban markets. 20 This boom may also be the result of stricter environmental policies and increased funding for innovative research. 19 The remarkable peak in 2020, the production rate reached its maximum value, presumably because of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which prompted a readjustment of research priorities. As noted in explaining the break, the health crisis led to a shift in concerns and research focus to healthcare waste management, which indirectly affected the development of other lines of waste research, such as organics, and led to a lack of time and resources for research on medical waste and PIDs. Possibly this resulted in a change in the selection of research topics to be addressed, which put the focus on infection prevention and proper management of waste generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, as shown by the works of Shmelev and Winker 19 and Freitas Reis. 18 The slight decrease from 2021 onwards could be explained by the reorientation of academic efforts and funding lines towards other fields of research or by the wake of the restrictive measures motivated by the pandemic. This phenomenon has been studied by 19 who also note that the pandemic caused a temporary detour of research towards medical waste management, which affected other areas of research. However, this decline is slight and seems to indicate that organic waste management in markets is one of the long-term priorities, underpinned by an increasing focus on sustainability and the circular economy worldwide, as shown by the work of Freitas Reis. 18 Productivity by author Figure 2a highlights the scientific production of prominent researchers in organic waste management in municipal markets, revealing key trends in the evolution of this field. The analysis of their contributions provides a comprehensive view of the main lines of research, both predominant and emerging. Figure 2. Scientific production related to urban waste management. a. Annual production of the most relevant authors. b. Number of publications per journal. Zurbügg has been a key player in the development of innovative solutions for sustainable waste management, focusing on technologies such as composting, bioconversion for biofuel generation, and the use of the black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) to valorize municipal organic waste. In addition, he has assessed the financial viability of these technologies and the impact of public policies on their adoption. Zurbügg has collaborated with numerous researchers on these issues, promoting the development of low-cost, high-impact technologies, especially adapted for developing countries. 21 , 22 , 23 Tilley has made significant contributions in the field of sanitation and resource recovery in both urban and rural contexts. His research has focused on the intersection between organic waste management and public health, highlighting the need for integrated approaches to waste management. His work has been instrumental in the development of conceptual frameworks for implementing sustainable sanitation systems. 24 , 25 Mpanang’ombe has played a crucial role in waste management research on the African continent. His work has highlighted the urgent need to develop more robust and tailored policies to effectively manage waste in rapidly growing urban areas. Mpanang’ombe’s research has been instrumental in understanding the unique challenges faced by African cities in terms of organic waste management. 26 , 27 Zhang Z has focused on sustainable composting as a technology for integrated municipal solid waste management, contributing significantly to the sustainability analysis of large-scale food waste composting. His research on the effects of black soldier fly larvae on food waste and sewage sludge composting provides insights into innovative and efficient waste valorization techniques that can be adapted to marketplace organic waste. 28 , 29 , 30 Wang L’s research centers on green refuse-derived fuel preparation and its combustion performance, advancing the concept of a zero-waste city. His contributions highlight the transformation of solid residues into energy-efficient resources, aligning with the goals of circular economy and sustainable urban waste management. 31 The temporal analysis of the scientific production of these authors shows a significant increase recently, reflecting the growing relevance and urgency of addressing the issue of organic waste in municipal markets. This increase in research activity underlines not only an increased awareness of the need for sustainable solutions but also the complexity of urban challenges related to waste management. 4 , 32 The geographic and thematic diversity represented by these authors highlights the global and multifaceted nature of the challenge. Their contributions have been instrumental in advancing knowledge and practice in this field, providing a solid foundation for future research and policy, critical for urban sustainability and public health. Productivity per journal The bibliometric analysis in Figure 2b identifies the most influential journals contributing to research on organic waste management in municipal markets. This analysis highlights trends in research dissemination, focusing on the impact factors (IF) and quartile rankings of these journals to evaluate their significance and scope. The Journal of Cleaner Production and Sustainability (Switzerland) lead the field, each with eleven articles. The Journal of Cleaner Production (Q1, IF 2023: 9.7) emphasizes multidisciplinary approaches to cleaner production and sustainability, integrating environmental, technological, and economic strategies to address global waste management challenges. 33 Its high impact factor reflects its authority in shaping waste management practices. Conversely, Sustainability (Switzerland) (Q2, IF 2023: 3.3) underscores the importance of integrated approaches to sustainability, addressing the socioeconomic dimensions of waste management and the growing prominence of holistic solutions. 7 Biocycle, with nine articles, contributes significantly despite its Q4 ranking (IF 2023: 0.02). This journal provides practical insights into organic waste management, focusing on waste recycling, composting, and market-driven solutions. Its presence highlights the relevance of applied research in addressing real-world challenges in municipal waste systems. Waste Management follows closely with eight articles and is positioned as a leader in solid waste management research (Q1, IF 2023: 7.1). The journal is central to advancing technological innovations and policy frameworks, offering a platform for practical and theoretical advances in the field. 34 Similarly, the Journal of Environmental Management (Q1, IF 2023: 8.0) supports interdisciplinary approaches, linking waste management with broader environmental policies and systems. It plays a pivotal role in examining urban sustainability challenges and addressing critical waste infrastructure needs. 35 Specialized journals like Acta Horticulturae (Q4, IF 2022: 0.335) and Waste Management and Research (Q1, IF 2023: 3.7) focus on niche areas, such as agricultural waste systems and empirical studies on waste management strategies. These journals complement higher-ranked outlets by addressing specific topics and practical challenges. Resources, Conservation and Recycling (Q1, IF 2023: 11.2) demonstrates the highest impact factor among the analyzed journals, reflecting its focus on resource efficiency, conservation strategies, and circular economy frameworks. Its high ranking underscores the importance of resource-oriented waste management in achieving sustainability goals. Meanwhile, the Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management (Q2, IF 2023: 2.7) highlights advancements in waste valorization, recycling technologies, and their applications to circular economy principles, bridging technology with sustainable waste reduction strategies. This bibliometric analysis underscores the diverse and interdisciplinary nature of organic waste management research. High-impact journals like the Journal of Cleaner Production, Waste Management, and Resources, Conservation and Recycling lead the field by offering robust platforms for innovation and theoretical development. At the same time, Q2 and Q4 journals like Sustainability (Switzerland) and Biocycle highlight the importance of integrating socioeconomic, environmental, and practical dimensions into waste management research. The journal rankings and impact factors illustrate a clear hierarchy in research influence, with Q1 journals driving theoretical and technological innovations, while lower-quartile journals focus on applied studies and emerging research areas. This diversity of approaches highlights the collaborative and multidisciplinary efforts necessary for addressing the complexities of organic waste management and fostering evidence-based policies in municipal marketplaces. Network analysis Geographical distribution Figure 3 illustrates the geographic distribution of research on organic waste management in municipal markets, revealing significant patterns of scientific production and international collaboration. This bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the global dynamics of research in this field. The United States, China, and India emerge as the leading contributors in terms of volume of publications, which is reflected in the intensity of the shades on the map. This prominence can be attributed to several factors such as U.S. leadership that may be related to its robust research infrastructure and emphasis on technological innovation 36 in addition to the emerging economies of China and India and their rapid growth, face significant challenges in urban waste management, which has spurred research in the field. 37 Figure 3. Geographical distribution of publications related to urban solid waste management. European countries such as Italy and Spain show considerable research activity. This phenomenon can be explained by European Union policies that promote the circular economy and sustainable waste management 8 and finally Brazil stands out as a significant contributor in the Latin American region this fact may be given by the growing interest in sustainable solutions for waste management in fast-growing urban markets. 7 The map in Figure 4 further reveals significant connectivity between continents, particularly between Europe, North America, and Asia. This international collaboration may be due to joint efforts to address global challenges in waste management, as part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. 38 The geographic diversity in scientific output underscores the global nature of the organic waste management challenge. However, it also reveals disparities in research capacity between regions, suggesting the need to strengthen North-South and South-South collaboration to address global challenges more equitably and effectively in waste management. 9 This international collaboration and the increasing participation of developing countries are crucial to developing solutions tailored to diverse socioeconomic and cultural contexts. In addition, they facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technologies, essential for the effective implementation of sustainable organic waste management practices in municipal markets globally. Figure 4. Co-occurrence map of common keywords related to urban organic waste management. Collaborative networks have been instrumental in fostering interdisciplinary approaches to organic waste management research. This global interaction has also led to the emergence of new topic areas, as reflected in the analysis of the most used keywords in the field. The following analysis explores how these keywords have evolved, revealing major trends and emerging approaches in organic waste management. Keywords The co-occurrence map in Figure 4 illustrates the multidisciplinary and complex nature of the field of organic waste management in municipal markets. This structure reflects an evolution toward more integrated and sustainable approaches, combining technological, environmental, and socioeconomic considerations. The red cluster highlights Waste Treatment for Sustainability and Circular Economy. This includes biological valorization methods such as anaerobic digestion and biogas production. Lohri and Zurbrügg 22 have played pivotal roles in advancing low-cost, scalable waste valorization solutions. Zhang Z’s contributions to this cluster include sustainability analysis of food waste composting and the integration of black soldier fly larvae to enhance composting processes. 30 These methods are essential innovations for achieving circular economic goals through waste treatment technologies. Tilley 24 have also contributed significantly, emphasizing resource recovery and efficient value-oriented organic waste management. The blue cluster focuses on Anaerobic Digestion, Waste-to-Energy, and Bioenergy Solutions. This cluster emphasizes the transformation of organic waste into energy resources such as biogas, biochar, and other bioenergy derivatives. Lohri and Zurbrügg 22 have contributed significantly to the development of low-cost anaerobic digestion technologies and their scalability in diverse socioeconomic contexts. Wang L has furthered this approach through research on refuse-derived fuels and waste-to-energy applications, expanding the scope of bioenergy solutions in urban waste management. 31 Mpanang’ombe has also explored biogas production in developing countries, underscoring its importance for sustainable energy recovery and circular economy models. 27 These approaches collectively highlight the potential of bioenergy solutions for waste valorization and urban sustainability. The green cluster represents “Composting Technologies and Environmental Impacts”. This cluster emphasizes scalable and sustainable solutions for organic waste management while addressing environmental implications. Zhang Z’s work on large-scale composting optimization, including the use of black soldier fly larvae, demonstrates significant advancements in composting processes. 29 , 30 Mpanang’ombe 27 has also contributed important insights into mitigating the environmental impacts of organic waste mismanagement, particularly in developing countries. His work focuses on integrating sustainability and public health considerations into composting strategies, making them more adaptable across various socioeconomic contexts. Strategic diagram The strategic diagram in Figure 5 illustrates the thematic structure of research in organic waste management in municipal markets, categorizing concepts based on their centrality (relevance) and density (development). The emerging or declining themes quadrant (e.g., techno-economic analysis, waste-to-energy, biofuels) reflects areas with limited current relevance, as they are often integrated into broader frameworks like circular economy models. 10 The niche themes quadrant (e.g., urban agriculture, integrated bio-systems, landscape function analysis) highlights well-developed but highly specialized areas, tailored to specific applications, with limited broad-field relevance. In contrast, basic themes (e.g., circular economy, municipal solid wastes, ecosystem services, composting) represent foundational topics critical for waste management strategies but require further innovation for widespread application. Finally, the motor themes quadrant (e.g., anaerobic digestion, biogas, bioenergy, hydrogen production) highlights cutting-edge, highly relevant, and well-developed areas driving research and innovation, particularly in sustainable energy recovery and circular economy integration. 22 , 32 This thematic distribution underscores a global shift toward more sustainable and energy-efficient waste management technologies, influenced by regional research priorities and policy frameworks. Figure 5. Strategic diagram of the most relevant issues related to research in urban organic waste management. Analysis of co-authorship patterns Collaboration between countries Figure 6a shows the network of international collaboration in research related to organic waste management and highlights important dynamics of global interaction. The central nodes, such as the United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and India, stand out for their elevated level of connectivity, reflecting their leadership in the generation of scientific knowledge and their capacity to function as intermediaries in the transfer of technology and methodologies. This finding is consistent with recent research highlighting the importance of these countries in promoting the circular economy and in the development of advanced technologies for the valorization of organic waste, such as composting and biogas production. 2 , 39 Figure 6. Networks are associated with the study and collaborations for the management of urban organic waste distributed by countries and authors. a. Co-authorships between countries grouped by clusters. b. Co-authorships grouped by clusters. The group formed by Japan and the Netherlands presents a more focused collaboration pattern and less connected to the main network. This could be interpreted as a specialized focus on niche topics, such as technologies for chemical recycling of organic waste or innovations in biopolymers, an aspect highlighted in recent research on sustainable waste utilization systems. 40 On the other hand, the under-representation of countries from Africa and Latin America, except for Brazil, Ecuador, and Ghana, is of concern. This reflects the structural challenges in integrating these regions into global scientific networks, a barrier that literature points to as a significant obstacle to the implementation of sustainable solutions at the local level. Recent studies indicate that, although these countries have potential in infrastructure and natural resources, limitations in terms of funding, public policies and technical capacities restrict their participation in international research networks. 41 The figure, by highlighting these inequalities, reinforces the need to strengthen scientific cooperation through multilateral initiatives that promote knowledge exchange and technology transfer to underrepresented regions. This approach would be crucial to ensure an equitable distribution of the benefits associated with the circular economy, particularly in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Collaboration between authors The co-authorship map in Figure 6b highlights a fragmented landscape of research collaboration in organic waste management, characterized by small, disconnected clusters of researchers focusing on diverse aspects of the field. The blue cluster (Gavilanes-Terán, Mora, Paredes, López) emphasizes advancements in composting technologies for market and municipal organic waste, aiming for sustainable and low-cost solutions. 42 , 43 The green cluster (Ampt, Chapple, Emerson, Atwater, Wildman) stands for interdisciplinary approaches that integrate environmental management, resource recovery, and waste minimization, often addressing region-specific challenges. The yellow cluster (Zurbrügg, Lohri, Tilley, Mpanang’ombe, Rajabu) focuses on scalable, sustainable waste treatment techniques, including anaerobic digestion, biogas production, and composting, particularly for developing regions. 22 , 24 , 27 The red cluster (Zhang, Liu, Awasthi, Chen, Pandey) advances technological innovations such as waste-to-energy systems, biochar production, and circular economy solutions for energy recovery. 28 , 36 The smaller purple cluster (Furedy, Doelle, Naidu, Hoysala) examines the socio-environmental dimensions of waste management, including community-based systems and policy frameworks. 44 This fragmented structure, while fostering innovation, underscores the need for greater interdisciplinary and international collaboration to address global waste management challenges effectively. Barriers such as methodological differences, language, and resource disparities must be addressed to enhance integration and knowledge sharing. 32 , 45 Conclusion The bibliometric analysis of organic waste management in municipal markets underscores significant advancements in research, displaying an increase in global scientific production over the past two decades. This growth aligns with heightened environmental awareness, the implementation of circular economy principles, and urban sustainability goals. Leading journals like the Journal of Cleaner Production , Sustainability (Switzerland) , and Biocycle have emerged as critical platforms for disseminating interdisciplinary research, reflecting the diverse approaches required to tackle urban waste challenges. The analysis reveals concentrated efforts by prominent authors, such as Zurbrügg and Zhang Z., who focus on innovative waste valorization technologies, sustainable composting, and energy recovery systems. However, the fragmented nature of co-authorship networks highlights the need for increased interdisciplinary and international collaboration to bridge knowledge gaps, particularly in developing regions. The geographical distribution of publications points to the leadership of nations like the United States, China, and India, while emphasizing disparities in contributions from low- and middle-income countries. To address these gaps, fostering North-South and South-South collaborations is critical. This study provides a comprehensive foundation for future research, urging a stronger focus on scalable, adaptable solutions to enhance urban sustainability and public health through efficient waste management practices. Ethics and consent Ethical approval and consent were not required. 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Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 30 May 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Libre - Campus Pereira, Comuna Oriente, Risaralda, 660001, Colombia Nicolas Noreña -Toro Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Stiven Loaiza-Castro Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Lina Maria Londoño-Giraldo Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Duverney Gaviria-Arias Roles: Funding Acquisition, Project Administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information Supported by Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia (SGR) BPIN 2022000100035. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 30 May 2025, 14:540 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.163513.1 Copyright © 2025 Noreña -Toro N et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Noreña -Toro N, Loaiza-Castro S, Londoño-Giraldo LM and Gaviria-Arias D. Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.163513.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 30 May 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Chineme A. Reviewer Report For: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389142 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-540/v1#referee-response-389142 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 25 Jul 2025 Atinuke Chineme , University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389142 Manuscript Feedback : The bibliometric study offers a comprehensive overview of the progression of research concerning market-generated organic waste over the past twenty years. The objectives include identifying prevalent research topics, methodologies, leading countries, and collaborative networks, ... Continue reading READ ALL Manuscript Feedback : The bibliometric study offers a comprehensive overview of the progression of research concerning market-generated organic waste over the past twenty years. The objectives include identifying prevalent research topics, methodologies, leading countries, and collaborative networks, thereby facilitating an understanding of the field's development, pinpointing gaps in knowledge, and guiding future research towards more effective solutions for sustainable organic waste management in municipal markets. The study effectively accomplishes these aims, particularly when evaluated against its stated objective: “provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research.” However, the study could benefit from some improvements. Some recommendations are outlined below and arranged according to the respective sections of the research. Introduction The introduction should clearly specify the source of the organic waste, especially considering global locations with different terms for “marketplace.” Additionally, the authors should choose a consistent one- or two-word term. "Municipal markets" may serve as a more appropriate reference. Methods Excellent breakdown of your methods. Your detailed description facilitates the replication of your process by readers. Nonetheless, a standardized framework is recommended for a bibliometric study. Implementing such a framework will facilitate the missing discussions, such as the categorization of the 260 cited publications. The screening process is absent and should be incorporated into the section. Result and Discussion Categorizing your results by the conducted analysis facilitated a better understanding of your study's outcomes. Please resize the fonts in Figure 1, as it is currently difficult to read. In Figure 1, the "remarkable peak” referenced at the start of page 6 seems to occur in 2021, not 2020 as originally noted. Based on this, review your literature sources and attempt to find additional references that support your deduction. The two citations currently cited are insufficient for a definitive conclusion. The author productivity assessment is valuable; conclude this section by sharing your observations regarding the differences, similarities, or connections among their studies, or any other insights gained. The first mention of Figure 4 does not match the actual diagram, which is titled a "co-occurrence map" on page 9. Your keywords assessment requires revision; specifically, the red cluster does not include anaerobic digestion or biogas production. Zurbrugg and Lohri have played key roles in advancing BSF technology. It would be useful to compare how their research aligns or differs from Tilley's, whose BSF work you currently mention. Revisit the Strategic diagram section. Your descriptions are unclear and may confuse readers. Clarify whether these themes are derived from literature or directly from the authors. If they are author-derived, explain how they were developed. Also, note that some themes, like organic waste and compost, are not “motor themes,” and similar issues exist with other themes. The diagram should be reconsidered. Your analysis of international collaboration is excellent and adds meaningful insight to the literature. Separate Figures 6a and 6b for better clarity. Include Nigeria in your comment about under-represented countries, since it appears in the diagram ie.; "On the other hand, the under-representation of countries from Africa and Latin America, except for Brazil, Ecuador, and Ghana, is of concern." Your breakdown of "Collaboration between authors" is very thorough; however, incorporating a co-citation analysis could offer additional value by illustrating how researchers are related through shared references, thus highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Conclusion The conclusion should be expanded to incorporate key elements from the subsections, like the keywords and strategic diagram. Reconsidering some issues mentioned in this feedback could provide valuable insights, enhancing the overall conclusion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: My areas of research include Biowaste management, BSF treatment, circularity, Municipal waste management in low-income countries. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Chineme A. Reviewer Report For: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389142 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-540/v1#referee-response-389142 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Debele AD. Reviewer Report For: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389140 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-540/v1#referee-response-389140 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 25 Jun 2025 Abu Duguma Debele , Energy and Environment Research Centre, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389140 F1000Resarch Manuscript Number: Full Title: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis If the authors address the following major comments, this work will be timely and relevant. Here are some suggestions to ... Continue reading READ ALL F1000Resarch Manuscript Number: Full Title: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis If the authors address the following major comments, this work will be timely and relevant. Here are some suggestions to improve the work. My Comments, Authors: Introduction section Page 3… "Highly biodegradable nature" of organic waste presents both challenges and opportunities (mentioned twice in the second and fourth paragraphs. Introduction section Page 3… Terms like "highly biodegradable nature" and "value-added products" are used without specific examples or explanations. Page 3, paragraph 3…. The mention of "advanced technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and the Internet of Things (IoT)" [6] is vague. The introduction does not explain how these technologies are applied to organic waste management. "Conventional techniques, such as composting and anaerobic digestion" [5] are mentioned without explaining their significance or challenges in the context of municipal markets. The review does not clearly state the practical implications of the bibliometric analysis, such as informing policy or guiding technology adoption…... In methods section Paragraph 2.. The term "similar urban areas" is not defined, which could lead to inconsistent application of the criteria. For example, does it include urban community gardens or street food stalls? Clarifying this term. Using only one database may introduce bias, as Scopus may not capture all relevant publications, especially from regional or open-access journals not indexed in Scopus. Adding others' Web of Science or Google Scholar could provide a more comprehensive dataset, particularly for studies from developing countries where informal markets are prevalent. Page 4…. The section mentions the strategic diagram but doesn’t explain how centrality and density determine categories. Clarify Inclusion of Languages: Including Spanish and Portuguese is a strength, but if the tools used (Bibliometrix/VOSviewer) handle non-English metadata differently, this should be mentioned. Did you translate keywords or filter language-specific content? The description of Bibliometrix and VOSviewer is generic, lacking details on specific settings or parameters used. The methodology section lacked of screening process (removing duplicates, handling incomplete records, and validation). How many studies were initially retrieved from the Scopus dataset? How many studies were included in the Bibliometrix analysis after screening? How many studies were used to prepare the manuscript? Lack of PRISMA Framework, a standard framework for reporting systematic reviews and bibliometric studies. PRISMA provides a structured approach to document the study selection process, including a flow diagram that visualizes the screening stages and reasons for exclusions. The figures provided are of poor resolution and need improvement for clarity and readability In the section results and discussion ….. The section does not reference or provide details on the screening process (e.g., duplicate removal, handling incomplete records, or validation). It states 260 publications were analyzed, but does not explain how this number was derived from the initial dataset. It also lacks a breakdown of how many studies were retrieved from Scopus and how exclusions were applied to select 260 publications. Page 10 under….. Analysis of Co-authorship Patterns (Figure 6a). The discussion of country collaboration is brief, but lacks quantitative evidence. It is better at the end of the discussion section, adding emerging technologies and gaps is a core objective of bibliometric studies, guiding future research and policy. This review work was a quantitative type of review. The conclusion is qualitative and lacks specific quantitative findings, like the number of publications (260, as in Results), growth rates, or citation metrics. The conclusion does not address key stakeholders mentioned in the Introduction, such as informal waste actors, municipal authorities, despite their relevance to organic waste management in developing regions. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: As an environmental engineering expert, I specialize in sustainable waste management, urban sustainability, and innovative solutions for organic waste. My research leverages geospatial tools to address global environmental challenges, biowaste recycling, material recycling, waste-to-energy, fostering circular economy principles, and public health advancements. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Debele AD. Reviewer Report For: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389140 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-540/v1#referee-response-389140 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 30 May 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 1 30 May 25 read read Abu Duguma Debele , Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia Atinuke Chineme , University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Chineme A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 25 Jul 2025 | for Version 1 Atinuke Chineme , University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada 0 Views copyright © 2025 Chineme A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Manuscript Feedback : The bibliometric study offers a comprehensive overview of the progression of research concerning market-generated organic waste over the past twenty years. The objectives include identifying prevalent research topics, methodologies, leading countries, and collaborative networks, thereby facilitating an understanding of the field's development, pinpointing gaps in knowledge, and guiding future research towards more effective solutions for sustainable organic waste management in municipal markets. The study effectively accomplishes these aims, particularly when evaluated against its stated objective: “provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research.” However, the study could benefit from some improvements. Some recommendations are outlined below and arranged according to the respective sections of the research. Introduction The introduction should clearly specify the source of the organic waste, especially considering global locations with different terms for “marketplace.” Additionally, the authors should choose a consistent one- or two-word term. "Municipal markets" may serve as a more appropriate reference. Methods Excellent breakdown of your methods. Your detailed description facilitates the replication of your process by readers. Nonetheless, a standardized framework is recommended for a bibliometric study. Implementing such a framework will facilitate the missing discussions, such as the categorization of the 260 cited publications. The screening process is absent and should be incorporated into the section. Result and Discussion Categorizing your results by the conducted analysis facilitated a better understanding of your study's outcomes. Please resize the fonts in Figure 1, as it is currently difficult to read. In Figure 1, the "remarkable peak” referenced at the start of page 6 seems to occur in 2021, not 2020 as originally noted. Based on this, review your literature sources and attempt to find additional references that support your deduction. The two citations currently cited are insufficient for a definitive conclusion. The author productivity assessment is valuable; conclude this section by sharing your observations regarding the differences, similarities, or connections among their studies, or any other insights gained. The first mention of Figure 4 does not match the actual diagram, which is titled a "co-occurrence map" on page 9. Your keywords assessment requires revision; specifically, the red cluster does not include anaerobic digestion or biogas production. Zurbrugg and Lohri have played key roles in advancing BSF technology. It would be useful to compare how their research aligns or differs from Tilley's, whose BSF work you currently mention. Revisit the Strategic diagram section. Your descriptions are unclear and may confuse readers. Clarify whether these themes are derived from literature or directly from the authors. If they are author-derived, explain how they were developed. Also, note that some themes, like organic waste and compost, are not “motor themes,” and similar issues exist with other themes. The diagram should be reconsidered. Your analysis of international collaboration is excellent and adds meaningful insight to the literature. Separate Figures 6a and 6b for better clarity. Include Nigeria in your comment about under-represented countries, since it appears in the diagram ie.; "On the other hand, the under-representation of countries from Africa and Latin America, except for Brazil, Ecuador, and Ghana, is of concern." Your breakdown of "Collaboration between authors" is very thorough; however, incorporating a co-citation analysis could offer additional value by illustrating how researchers are related through shared references, thus highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the field. Conclusion The conclusion should be expanded to incorporate key elements from the subsections, like the keywords and strategic diagram. Reconsidering some issues mentioned in this feedback could provide valuable insights, enhancing the overall conclusion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise My areas of research include Biowaste management, BSF treatment, circularity, Municipal waste management in low-income countries. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Chineme A. Peer Review Report For: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389142) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-540/v1#referee-response-389142 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Debele A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 25 Jun 2025 | for Version 1 Abu Duguma Debele , Energy and Environment Research Centre, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Debele A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions F1000Resarch Manuscript Number: Full Title: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis If the authors address the following major comments, this work will be timely and relevant. Here are some suggestions to improve the work. My Comments, Authors: Introduction section Page 3… "Highly biodegradable nature" of organic waste presents both challenges and opportunities (mentioned twice in the second and fourth paragraphs. Introduction section Page 3… Terms like "highly biodegradable nature" and "value-added products" are used without specific examples or explanations. Page 3, paragraph 3…. The mention of "advanced technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and the Internet of Things (IoT)" [6] is vague. The introduction does not explain how these technologies are applied to organic waste management. "Conventional techniques, such as composting and anaerobic digestion" [5] are mentioned without explaining their significance or challenges in the context of municipal markets. The review does not clearly state the practical implications of the bibliometric analysis, such as informing policy or guiding technology adoption…... In methods section Paragraph 2.. The term "similar urban areas" is not defined, which could lead to inconsistent application of the criteria. For example, does it include urban community gardens or street food stalls? Clarifying this term. Using only one database may introduce bias, as Scopus may not capture all relevant publications, especially from regional or open-access journals not indexed in Scopus. Adding others' Web of Science or Google Scholar could provide a more comprehensive dataset, particularly for studies from developing countries where informal markets are prevalent. Page 4…. The section mentions the strategic diagram but doesn’t explain how centrality and density determine categories. Clarify Inclusion of Languages: Including Spanish and Portuguese is a strength, but if the tools used (Bibliometrix/VOSviewer) handle non-English metadata differently, this should be mentioned. Did you translate keywords or filter language-specific content? The description of Bibliometrix and VOSviewer is generic, lacking details on specific settings or parameters used. The methodology section lacked of screening process (removing duplicates, handling incomplete records, and validation). How many studies were initially retrieved from the Scopus dataset? How many studies were included in the Bibliometrix analysis after screening? How many studies were used to prepare the manuscript? Lack of PRISMA Framework, a standard framework for reporting systematic reviews and bibliometric studies. PRISMA provides a structured approach to document the study selection process, including a flow diagram that visualizes the screening stages and reasons for exclusions. The figures provided are of poor resolution and need improvement for clarity and readability In the section results and discussion ….. The section does not reference or provide details on the screening process (e.g., duplicate removal, handling incomplete records, or validation). It states 260 publications were analyzed, but does not explain how this number was derived from the initial dataset. It also lacks a breakdown of how many studies were retrieved from Scopus and how exclusions were applied to select 260 publications. Page 10 under….. Analysis of Co-authorship Patterns (Figure 6a). The discussion of country collaboration is brief, but lacks quantitative evidence. It is better at the end of the discussion section, adding emerging technologies and gaps is a core objective of bibliometric studies, guiding future research and policy. This review work was a quantitative type of review. The conclusion is qualitative and lacks specific quantitative findings, like the number of publications (260, as in Results), growth rates, or citation metrics. The conclusion does not address key stakeholders mentioned in the Introduction, such as informal waste actors, municipal authorities, despite their relevance to organic waste management in developing regions. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise As an environmental engineering expert, I specialize in sustainable waste management, urban sustainability, and innovative solutions for organic waste. My research leverages geospatial tools to address global environmental challenges, biowaste recycling, material recycling, waste-to-energy, fostering circular economy principles, and public health advancements. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Debele AD. Peer Review Report For: Research Trends in Organic Waste Management in Municipal Marketplaces: A Bibliometric Analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :540 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.179875.r389140) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-540/v1#referee-response-389140 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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