Effect of Peening Treatment on Grain Refinement and Fatigue Strength Improvement of Aged Steel

Effect of Peening Treatment on Grain Refinement and Fatigue Strength Improvement of Aged Steel | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of Peening Treatment on Grain Refinement and Fatigue Strength Improvement of Aged Steel Yuki BANNO, Sikder Md. Al-AMIN, Koji Kinoshita This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9453379/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study aims to investigate the effect of peening treatment on grain refinement and fatigue strength improvement of aged steel. Flat steel plate and T-shaped fillet weld specimens were fabricated from approximately 60- and 100-year-old aged steels obtained from demolished bridge members. First, to investigate grain refinement of the aged steels in the depth direction, metallographic observations and residual stress measurements were performed on the peened flat steel plate specimens. The results revealed that grain size change continued up to the depth where compressive residual stress was introduced, and the degree of the change significantly depended on the original grain size of each aged steel. Then, to investigate grain refinement near the treated surface, Vickers hardness and microstructure characterization were perfromed on the T-shaped fillet weld specimens before and after peening treatment. These results revealed that peening treatment refined grains near the treated surface in a manner similar to that in conventional steel, whereas these refined grains in aged steels tended to become loosened with increasing depth from the treated surface. Finally, to investigate the effect of fatigue strength improvement of the aged steels, three-point bending fatigue tests were performed under a stress ratio of around R = 0.1. The results confirmed that the aged steels exhibited a comparative degree of fatigue strength improvement same level to that of conventional steel. However, it was also found from the fracture surface observation that applying the peening treatment intensity determined for the conventional steel may be excessive for aged steels. Aged steel Peening treatment Grain refinement Fatigue strength improvement Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 23 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 22 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 20 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9453379","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":628721629,"identity":"f289f04b-f087-4295-85e9-c1b3b12f48e1","order_by":0,"name":"Yuki BANNO","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gifu University Faculty of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering: Gifu Daigaku Kogakubu Daigakuin Kogaku Kenkyuka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuki","middleName":"","lastName":"BANNO","suffix":""},{"id":628721630,"identity":"9a106171-0bc6-4a73-99aa-ec32822ec5ce","order_by":1,"name":"Sikder Md. 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Flat steel plate and T-shaped fillet weld specimens were fabricated from approximately 60- and 100-year-old aged steels obtained from demolished bridge members. First, to investigate grain refinement of the aged steels in the depth direction, metallographic observations and residual stress measurements were performed on the peened flat steel plate specimens. The results revealed that grain size change continued up to the depth where compressive residual stress was introduced, and the degree of the change significantly depended on the original grain size of each aged steel. Then, to investigate grain refinement near the treated surface, Vickers hardness and microstructure characterization were perfromed on the T-shaped fillet weld specimens before and after peening treatment. These results revealed that peening treatment refined grains near the treated surface in a manner similar to that in conventional steel, whereas these refined grains in aged steels tended to become loosened with increasing depth from the treated surface. Finally, to investigate the effect of fatigue strength improvement of the aged steels, three-point bending fatigue tests were performed under a stress ratio of around \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.1. The results confirmed that the aged steels exhibited a comparative degree of fatigue strength improvement same level to that of conventional steel. However, it was also found from the fracture surface observation that applying the peening treatment intensity determined for the conventional steel may be excessive for aged steels.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of Peening Treatment on Grain Refinement and Fatigue Strength Improvement of Aged Steel","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-04 20:32:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9453379/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-04-24T06:10:04+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-24T05:32:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Welding in the World","date":"2026-04-23T12:13:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-22T06:07:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Welding in the World","date":"2026-04-20T06:42:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"welding-in-the-world","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"witw","sideBox":"Learn more about [Welding in the World](https://www.springer.com/journal/40194)","snPcode":"40194","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/witw/","title":"Welding in the World","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c6f381ed-f992-4d8b-9d79-5f3cf520000b","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 4th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-04T20:32:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-04 20:32:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9453379","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9453379","identity":"rs-9453379","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}