Bidirectional Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Network-on-Chip Architecture

Bidirectional Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Network-on-Chip Architecture | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Bidirectional Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Network-on-Chip Architecture Asrani Lit, Rohana Sapawi, Mohd Shahrizal Rusli, Muhammad Nadzir Marsono This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9679641/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The performance and energy efficiency of Wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) architectures are strongly influenced by the Medium Access Control (MAC)protocol. Many existing WiNoC MAC schemes rely on a daisy-chainedtoken-passing ring, but this organization can limit the benefits of wirelesscommunication by increasing token waiting time, especially when a packetarrives before a radio hub receives the token. In addition, prioritizing wirelesstransmission for all cores attached to a radio hub may overload the wirelesschannel even when wired paths are available. To address these limitations,this paper proposes Bidirectional Medium Access Control (BMAC) for meshWiNoC architectures. Bmac enables bidirectional token movement, allowing thetoken to backtrack to a previous radio hub and thereby reducing the effectivetoken round-trip delay. We evaluate the proposed protocol using the cycle-accurate Noxim simulator under both synthetic traffic patterns (random, shuffle,transpose, and hotspot) and benchmark traffic from PARSEC (Barnes) andSPLASH-2 (Fluidanimate). The results show that Bmac achieves up to 1.84×higher throughput and up to 8.33% lower energy consumption than the baselinedaisy-chained WiNoC architecture under saturated packet injection load. Thesefindings demonstrate that Bmac is an effective MAC solution for improvingWiNoC performance while reducing energy consumption. Bidirectional Medium Access Control Wireless Network-on-Chip Protocol Architecture Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 19 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 14 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 12 May, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 12 May, 2026 First submitted to journal 11 May, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9679641","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":640765145,"identity":"3cc92d53-56b5-4ab9-8a69-a1cad674eaa6","order_by":0,"name":"Asrani Lit","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPgglIcfAwNhAnBY2qBZjkrUwJBKpHqSF/fizDz93WKRvuN3cuuHHH4ZogwOEtPDkGM/sPSORu+HOwbabvW0MuRsIamHIYWbgbQNquZHYdoO3gRgt/M8fM/5tk0g3AGq5+ecPMVokEoyZgbYkgLTc5mEjSssbY2bZNgnDmSAtQEbuTEJa+PnTHzO+bauT57uR/uzmmz82uX2EtKADCQYFUrUwMMg3kKxlFIyCUTAKhjkAABWhQ8/yQeunAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asrani","middleName":"","lastName":"Lit","suffix":""},{"id":640765149,"identity":"5d1d48ff-868f-4c34-b2ae-a159e83e8cf4","order_by":1,"name":"Rohana Sapawi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Malaysia Sarawak","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rohana","middleName":"","lastName":"Sapawi","suffix":""},{"id":640765153,"identity":"bd475ecc-cfa7-45f7-923e-ad711e947120","order_by":2,"name":"Mohd Shahrizal Rusli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohd","middleName":"Shahrizal","lastName":"Rusli","suffix":""},{"id":640765154,"identity":"085583d7-b28f-4364-859e-dfcfe4aafa32","order_by":3,"name":"Muhammad Nadzir Marsono","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Nadzir","lastName":"Marsono","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-11 12:38:54","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9679641/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9679641/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109405560,"identity":"05aa2218-31dd-462b-aa4e-4b689bf8f5ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-17 13:19:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1492653,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BMAC2026v5.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9679641/v1_covered_4998cb6d-93ef-4439-9b08-5ea141a9418a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Bidirectional Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Network-on-Chip Architecture","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-king-saud-university-computer-and-information-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/44443)","snPcode":"44443","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44443/3","title":"Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Bidirectional, Medium Access Control, Wireless, Network-on-Chip, Protocol, Architecture","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9679641/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9679641/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The performance and energy efficiency of Wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) architectures are strongly influenced by the Medium Access Control (MAC)protocol. 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