Associations Between Non-Steroidal and Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use, Welfare, and Milk Production in Dairy Sheep: A Multivariate Study

This study examines the use of analgesic medications among sheep farmers, highlighting both their benefits and significant gaps in their adoption. Our findings indicate that 26.7% of sheep farmers did not utilize any analgesics, a figure that contrasts sharply with high usage rates exceeding among farmers in swine and cattle sectors. Low utilization of NSAIDs and corticosteroids in sheep farming may be attributed to inadequate education and the absence of approved indications for these medications in Greece. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between farm size and the use of NSAIDs, with larger farms using more NSAIDs, especially flunixin. Furthermore, farms using more NSAIDs/larger farms tended to have higher milk yields, suggesting that enhanced management practices are associated with better outcomes. The results underscore the need for targeted educa-tional initiatives to improve the use of analgesics in sheep farming and address welfare concerns. Overall, this research highlights the importance of addressing gaps in pain management practices within the sheep farming sector to promote better animal welfare. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to expand our un-derstanding of analgesic use and its implications for sheep welfare.