Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child.

Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119" }, "headline": "Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child.", "datePublished": "2024-10-03T15:34:07", "dateModified": "2025-02-20T10:01:01", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ader Ponce" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Anthony Vera" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Angela Bracho" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Anita Murillo" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Background The cestode Hymenolepis diminuta is a cosmopolitan parasite, which in the adult stage is usually found in the small intestine of rats and accidentally in humans. Case report We describe the finding of eggs of this parasite in an asymptomatic 3-year-old child. The child had extremely high IgE values of 1,376 IU/ml. After receiving treatment with Albendazole suspension 400mg/20mL, on the 10th day post-treatment, he showed no H. diminuta eggs in his fecal matter Conclusions Detailed morphological review of Hymenolepis nana-like eggs is recommended to distinguish them from H. diminuta eggs. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119", "name": "Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child." } } ] } Home Browse Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Rivero de Rodriguez Z, Ponce A, Vera A et al. Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Case Report Revised Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez 1 , Ader Ponce https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6091-1641 2 , Anthony Vera 2 , Angela Bracho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-9568 1 , Anita Murillo 3 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez 1 , Ader Ponce https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6091-1641 2 , [...] Anthony Vera 2 , Angela Bracho https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-9568 1 , Anita Murillo 3 PUBLISHED 20 Feb 2025 Author details Author details 1 Biological sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Portoviejo, Manabí Province, 130105, Ecuador 2 Laboratory, Vital&Med Clinical Laboratory, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador 3 Laboratorio Clínico, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi Unidad Academica de Ciencias de la Salud, Jipijapa, Manabí Province, Ecuador Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Ader Ponce Roles: Investigation Anthony Vera Roles: Investigation Angela Bracho Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Anita Murillo Roles: Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Pathogens gateway. Abstract Background The cestode Hymenolepis diminuta is a cosmopolitan parasite, which in the adult stage is usually found in the small intestine of rats and accidentally in humans. Case report We describe the finding of eggs of this parasite in an asymptomatic 3-year-old child. The child had extremely high IgE values of 1,376 IU/ml. After receiving treatment with Albendazole suspension 400mg/20mL, on the 10th day post-treatment, he showed no H. diminuta eggs in his fecal matter Conclusions Detailed morphological review of Hymenolepis nana -like eggs is recommended to distinguish them from H. diminuta eggs. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Hymenolepis diminuta, asymptomatic condition, Child, Preschool, Ecuador Corresponding Author(s) Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Rivero de Rodriguez Z et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Rivero de Rodriguez Z, Ponce A, Vera A et al. Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.3 ) First published: 03 Oct 2024, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.1 ) Latest published: 20 Feb 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.3 ) Revised Amendments from Version 2 Only a few minor editorial corrections suggested by a referee were made. Only a few minor editorial corrections suggested by a referee were made. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Amal Sm Sayed See the authors' detailed response to the review by Yukifumi Nawa See the authors' detailed response to the review by Adriana Esteves READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction The cestode Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi 1819, Weinland 1858) is a cosmopolitan parasite, which in the adult stage is usually found in the small intestine of rats and accidentally in humans. Its biological cycle develops with the intervention of an arthropod, which becomes infected by ingesting the eggs of H. diminuta , which are found in the feces of parasitized rats. 1 The mechanism of infection begins when coprophilic arthropods ingest the eggs of H. diminuta which are eliminated in rodent feces and act as obligate intermediate hosts of the cestode. When humans accidentally ingest these infected arthropods, the cysticercoids in the insect’s hemocele develop into adults in the human’s small intestine, where eggs are then produced and expelled in defecation. Human infection through direct ingestion of H. diminuta eggs has not been reported. 2 Several coprophilous arthropods such as fleas, weevils, lepidoptera and beetles have been described as intermediate hosts, 3 as well as different species of beetles of the genera Tribolium and Tenebrio. 4 Experimentally, it has been shown that 90 species of arthropods can serve as intermediate hosts. 5 Although, Joyeux 6 pointed to Tenebrio molitor, Ceratophyllus fasciatus and Xenopsylla cheopis as the usual sources of rat infestation, the beetles of the genus Tribolium are those indicated by the scientific literature, as the most frequent in rats and human infections. The adult cestode of H. diminuta is 20 to 60 cm long, its scolex is rounded and small with four cup-shaped suckers, it has a rostellum without hooks, which is invaginated in a cavity located in the most apical portion of the scolex. The strobilar chain contains three characteristic portions of proglottids: immature, mature, and gravid; The latter, when detached from the strobilus, disintegrates and releases the eggs that are eliminated along with the feces. 7 The eggs are round, yellow, 60 to 80 microns, with a thick outer membrane and a small oncosphere inside, with three pairs of hooks and no polar filaments. 8 Clinically, as in Hymenolepis nana infection, parasitosis can be asymptomatic. In infections with a high parasite load, the most frequent symptoms of H. diminuta hymenolepiasis are digestive, with abdominal pain and diarrhea prevailing; irritability and anal itching may also occur 2 , 3 , 9 and in some cases patients with skin conditions have presented. 10 , 11 It is an uncommon infection in humans; however, the prevalence is high in some places: 7.8% in schoolchildren between 6 and 15 years of age in Magdalena in Cajamarca 12 and 7.1% in the population of Tingo María in Huánuco in Peru. 13 It can be deduced that food, stored in contact with rats and beetles, when consumed constitutes the means of infection, through ingestion of infected beetles. Few cases are reported in adults in the literature 3 and most cases have been described in children, 2 , 9 – 11 , 14 – 17 probably due to ingesting the infected arthropods, without paying attention. However, a 2020 review of H. diminuta 18 states that, out of 130 infections in humans, the age of the infected individuals was: 2.3% infants (≤1 year old), 66.2% children (2 to 9 years), 20% adolescents (10 to 19 years old), and 11.5% were adults (≥ 20 years old). Regarding geographical location, the review by Panti-May et al. 18 reports that human infections with H. diminuta were reported in 80 countries around the world from 1810 to 2018. Most cases were reported in the Americas (n = 815), Southeast Asia (n = 226) and Eastern Mediterranean (n = 210). Three countries exhibited more than 100 records: Costa Rica (n = 320), the United States of America (n = 181), and Brazil (n = 140). In Ecuador, the presence of Hymenolepis spp. has been described 19 in stray dogs on the coastal beaches of Ecuador, Hymenolepis nana and diminuta have also been reported in rodents ( Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus ) from the city of Milagro. 20 Only one case has previously been reported of this species in a two-year-old Ecuadorian girl, however, the finding was made in Spain 11 ; This case describes that in 2003 it arrived in that continent and in the first half of 2004 it presented gastrointestinal symptoms, detecting the parasite in feces. In 2007, research by Jacobsen et al. 21 indicated a 1% prevalence of H. diminuta when evaluating 203 samples from children between 12 and 60 months of age; however, no reference was made to clinical or sociodemographic data of the infected children. Since then, no other case of infection in humans has been described in the country, so the case of an asymptomatic child from Portoviejo, Ecuador, is presented. Case report In February 2024, the stool sample of a 3-year-old child was received at the Parasitology laboratory of the Technical University of Manabí. On macroscopic examination, the sample showed a soft, greenish-brown consistency, without mucus, pus, or blood; There are also no obvious food residues. Microscopic examination with physiological saline, showed eggs morphologically compatible with eggs of Hymenolepis diminuta ( Figure 1A,B ). These had their characteristic brown color, large size and absence of polar filaments. They were measured with a micrometer scale, where 4 of them measured 60 microns and 1 measured 70 microns in diameter. In addition to the coproparasitological examination, the Ritchie-Frick concentrate 22 was performed, where no other intestinal parasites were observed, only the eggs of H. diminuta . Figure 1. (A) H. diminuta eggs at 100 × magnification, physiological saline; (B) Eggs of H. diminuta at 400 × magnification, physiological saline. When the father is consulted, he indicates that the child did not have gastrointestinal symptoms and that the stool test was carried out as part of the annual health evaluation that he performs. When reviewing the rest of the tests performed, it was observed in the hematology: Leukocyte count within the reference values: 7.15×102/μl (5.0 to 10.00), but with a decrease in neutrophils: 1.59×102/μl (2.10 to 8.90), an increase in lymphocytes: 4.64×102/μl (1.30 to 4.60) and a slight increase in eosinophils: 5.2% (0.0 to 4.0). Hemoglobin 12.5 g/dl (10.5 to 13.5 g/dl), Hematocrit: 36.0% (32.0 to 40.0%). The results show that, although C-reactive protein was within the reference values: 0.33 mg/L (0.00 to 5.00 mg/L), there was a significant increase in the value of Immunoglobulin E (IgE): 1.376 IU/ml (0.0 to 60.0 IU/ml). To assess the child’s living conditions, his home was visited. The house is in a peri-urban community of the city of Portoviejo (Colón parish). Although Colón is considered an urban parish, the house is in a wooded area of the parish, and in the back has an abundance of intricate trees. In general terms, the house is neat and has the basic services of water, electricity, and septic tank, for the disposal of excreta. There is a chance of rats and mice in the back wooded area, which is ideal for synanthropic animals. During the visit, the presence of beetles (genus Hexodon ) is observed and since there are dogs, the presence of fleas, which have been described as intermediate hosts of H. diminuta , cannot be ruled out. The child received anthelmintic treatment with Albendazole suspension 400 mg/20 mL, 2 bottles, one per day. On the 4th day after treatment, a post-treatment stool examination was performed and eggs were still observed, which were quite altered in their morphology and difficult to identify. Subsequently, 10 days after the end of treatment, the stool examination showed no evolutionary forms of parasites. Discussion Hymenolepis diminuta infection is a cosmopolitan zoonosis that is mainly rural and infrequent in humans. As of 2020, 1,561 published records of H. diminuta infection had been identified in 80 countries 18 ; mainly reported in children. 2 , 9 – 11 , 14 – 17 Although, the child in this case, did not present clinical manifestations and most of his laboratory tests were within the reference ranges, the high IgE value found is remarkable. The child did not suffer from allergies, so this situation was ruled out as the cause of the increase. Helminth infections have been mainly related to blood eosinophilia 23 – 25 and a similar situation has only been reported in terms of increased IgE in a child with H. diminuta in Italy 10 who presented atypical allergic manifestations. 11 In this research, it is pointed out that the infected 2-year-old child presented remitting fever (maximum peak 37.7 °C), abdominal pain, diffuse skin itching, transient chest rash and arthromyalgia and in the same context, the case of the Ecuadorian girl in Spain is presented, who manifested atopic dermatitis, self-limited diarrhea, vomiting and constipation, unlike the current case, there were no allergic manifestations or any symptoms, only the elevation of IgE. Unfortunately, in this case, no information was obtained on the post-treatment IgE values, to evaluate their direct relationship with parasitosis. Allergic symptoms are often present in chronic helminth infections, caused by a constant state of immune activation characterized by a dominant type of Th2 cytokine profiles and high IgE levels. 26 , 27 However, eosinophilia is not usually seen in helminth infections that reside in the lumen of the human intestine, as is the case with H. diminuta. However, helminth infections can affect the expression of an allergic disease and, in certain situations, may be associated with a higher, lower, or no risk of atopic conditions. 28 , 29 Another important point to highlight is the anthelmintic treatment applied, since the literature reports that the first choice anthelmintics are praziquantel and niclosamide, 3 therefore, it has been the treatment of choice in several studies. 9 – 11 , 14 – 17 However, in this case, albendazole was indicated, a treatment also applied in a case reported by Rivero et al. 2 in Venezuela, demonstrating effectiveness in the treatment of parasitosis, as no eggs were observed in successive samples. It is known that first-choice drugs are given in single doses, however, Tena et al. 14 indicated in their study to repeat the dose three times, even increased, until the parasite was eliminated, so albendazole can be considered as an alternative treatment. Conclusions It is feasible to find H. diminuta infection in Ecuadorian children, although in an infrequent way, so the microscopist should be alert to the finding of eggs like those of Hymenolepis nana , but larger and dark brown in fresh preparations. Likewise, medical personnel should not rule out the possibility of this parasitic species in children, mainly under five years of age; even in children without clinical manifestations. The report of this case, aims to alert health personnel about the possibility of finding this cestode in Ecuadorian children, and contribute to the epidemiology of intestinal parasitosis in the country. Ethics and consent Written informed consent for publication of their clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the parent relative of the patient. Written informed consent has been obtained from the father of the patient to publish this paper. Informed assent could not be obtained, because the child was too young (3 years old). Data availability No data is associated with this article. Acknowledgements To the Ponce Bazurto family for their collaboration in providing all the necessary information about the case. References 1. Roberts JJ, Schmidt G, Larry S: Roberts’Foundations of Parasitology. 8th ed.McGraw-Hill; 2009; 701. 2. Rivero ZC, Villalobos R, Bracho A, et al. : Infección por Hymenolepis diminuta en un niño del municipio Maracaibo, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Rev. Soc. Venez. Microbiol. 2009; 29 : 133–135. 3. Martínez-Barbabosa I, Gutiérrez-Cárdenas M, Aguilar-Venegas J, et al. : Infección por Hymenolepis diminuta en una estudiante universitaria. Rev. Biomed. 2012; 23 : 61–64. 4. Shostak A: Hymenolepis diminuta infections in tenebrionid beetles as a model system for ecological interactions between helminth parasites and terrestrial intermediate hosts: A review and meta-analysis. J. Parasitol. 2014; 100 (1): 46–58. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. Cáceres I, Guillén Z: Insectos de Lima relacionados con el cisticercoide de Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819), (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae). Rev. Per. Entom. 1972; 15 (1): 142–147. 6. Joyeux C: Sur le cycle evolutif de quelques Cestodes. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 1916; 9 : 578–583. 7. Tay J, Gutiérrez M, Lara R, et al. : Parasitología Médica. 8ª ed.México: Méndez Editores; 2010; pp. 227–232. 8. Botero D, Restrepo M: Parasitosis Humanas. 6ª ed.Fondo editorial CIB; 2019; p. 412. 9. Kołodziej P, Rzymowska J, Stępień-Rukasz H, et al. : Analysis of a child infected with Hymenolepis diminuta in Poland. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2014; 21 (3): 510–511. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 10. Marangi M, Zechini B, Fileti A, et al. : Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a child living in the urban area of Rome, Italy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2003; 41 : 3994–3995. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 11. Martínez-Peinado C, López-Perezagua M, Arjona-Zaragozí FJ, et al. : Parasitosis en niña ecuatoriana. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 2006; 24 (3): 207–208. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 12. Náquira C, Delgado D, Tantaleán M, et al. : Prevalencia de enteroparásitos en escolares de los distritos de San Juan y Magdalena (Departamento de Cajamarca) 1971. Rev. Per. Med. Trop. U.N.M.S.M. 1973; 2 : 37–41. 13. Huiza A, Tantaleán M, Juárez D: Observaciones sobre la presencia de enteroparásitos en la región de Rupa Rupa, departamento de Huanuco. Bol. Med. Trop (Lima). 1986; 5 : 7–9. 14. Tena D, Pérez SM, Gimeno C, et al. : Human Infection with Hymenolepis diminuta : Case Reporty from Spain. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1998; 36 : 2375–2376. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 15. Patamia I, Cappello E, Castellano-Chiodo D, et al. : A human case of Hymenolepis diminuta in a child from eastern Sicily. Korean J. Parasitol. 2010; 48 : 167–169. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 16. Rohela M, Ngui R, Lim YA, et al. : case report of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a Malaysian child. Trop. Biomed. 2012; 29 (2): 224–230. PubMed Abstract 17. Sinhabahu VP, Perera TM, Samarasinghe S, et al. : A case of Hymenolepis diminuta (rat tape worm) infestation in a child. Ceylon Med. J. 2014; 59 (2): 70–71. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 18. Panti-May JA, Rodríguez-Vivas RI, García-Prieto L, et al. : Worldwide overview of human infections with Hymenolepis diminuta. Parasitol. Res. 2020; 119 (7): 1997–2004. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 19. Calvopina M, Cabezas-Moreno M, Cisneros-Vasquez E, et al. : Diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of free-roaming dogs on coastal beaches in Ecuador: Potential for zoonotic transmission. Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Reports. 2023; 40 : 100859. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 20. Coello-Peralta R, Martínez-Cepeda G, Pinela-Castro D, et al. : Presencia de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores de la ciudadela las Piñas, Milagro-Ecuador y su riesgo en salud pública. Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu. 2020; 11 (4): 961–970. Publisher Full Text 21. Jacobsen K, Ribeiro P, Quist B, et al. : Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Young Quichua Children in the Highlands of Rural Ecuador. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 2007; 25 (4): 339–405. 22. Giraldo J, Guatibonza A: Comparación De Sensibilidad Y Especificidad De Dos Técnicas De Diagnóstico Directo: Kato–Katz-Saf Y Ritchie–Frick (Formol-Gasolina) En Examen Coproparasitológico Para La Identificación De Estadios Infectivos De Geohelmintos En Población Infantil. Rev. Fac. Med. 2017; 25 (2): 22–41. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 23. Steer M, Preston S, Piedrafita D, et al. : The Immune Response to Nematode Infection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023; 24 (3): 2283. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 24. Carranza-Rodríguez C, Escamilla-González M, Fuentes-Corripio I, et al. : Helmintosis y eosinofilia en España (1990-2015). Enf. Infecciosas Microbiol. Clín. 2018; 36 (2): 120–136. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 25. Murillo-Zavala A, Molina-Solorzano A, Peñafiel-Álvarez D: Helmintiasis intestinal, eosinofilia e inmunomodulación parasitaria. Kasmera. 2022; 50 : e5034307. Publisher Full Text 26. Robinson TM, Nelson RG, Boyer JD: Parasitic infection and the polarized Th2 immune response can alter a vaccine-induced immune response. DNA Cell Biol. 2003; 22 : 421–430. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 27. Palmer LJ, Celedon JC, Weiss ST, et al. : Ascaris lumbricoides is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma and atopy in rural China. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165 : 1489–1493. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 28. Cooper PJ, Chico ME, Bland M, et al. : Alllergic symptoms, atopy, and geohelminth infections in a rural area of Ecuador. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 168 : 313–317. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 29. Wiwanitkit V: Overview of Hymenolepis diminuta infection among Thai patients. Medscape Gen. Med. 2004; 6 : 7. PubMed Abstract Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 03 Oct 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Biological sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Portoviejo, Manabí Province, 130105, Ecuador 2 Laboratory, Vital&Med Clinical Laboratory, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador 3 Laboratorio Clínico, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi Unidad Academica de Ciencias de la Salud, Jipijapa, Manabí Province, Ecuador Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Ader Ponce Roles: Investigation Anthony Vera Roles: Investigation Angela Bracho Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Anita Murillo Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 20 Feb 2025, 13:1119 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.3 version 2 Revised Published: 18 Nov 2024, 13:1119 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.2 version 1 Published: 03 Oct 2024, 13:1119 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.1 Copyright © 2025 Rivero de Rodriguez Z et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Rivero de Rodriguez Z, Ponce A, Vera A et al. Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155856.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 18 Nov 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Sayed AS. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r361809 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v2#referee-response-361809 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 12 Feb 2025 Amal Sm Sayed , Head of Zoonoses Department, Assiut University, Asyut, Assiut Governorate, Egypt Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r361809 The article is highlights the importance of H.diminuta infection in human and health implications. They provided background on H.diminuta . infection and their epidemiology are sufficient. The case study was well-written and the figures support the results mentioned by the authors. ... Continue reading READ ALL The article is highlights the importance of H.diminuta infection in human and health implications. They provided background on H.diminuta . infection and their epidemiology are sufficient. The case study was well-written and the figures support the results mentioned by the authors. However, some corrections still should be made to improve the article. The correction are provided in the PDF file: https://f1000research.s3.amazonaws.com/linked/708089.h_rev..pdf Is the background of the case’s history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Yes Is the case presented with sufficient detail to be useful for other practitioners? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Zoonoses, Microbiology, Infectious diseases I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Sayed AS. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r361809 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v2#referee-response-361809 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 20 Feb 2025 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 20 Feb 2025 Author Response Greetings, I will proceed to make the text corrections that were suggested. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Greetings, I will proceed to make the text corrections that were suggested. Greetings, I will proceed to make the text corrections that were suggested. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 20 Feb 2025 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 20 Feb 2025 Author Response Greetings, I will proceed to make the text corrections that were suggested. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Greetings, I will proceed to make the text corrections that were suggested. Greetings, I will proceed to make the text corrections that were suggested. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Esteves A. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r341287 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v2#referee-response-341287 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 22 Nov 2024 Adriana Esteves , University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r341287 I have ... Continue reading READ ALL I have no further comments. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Molecular parasitology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Esteves A. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r341287 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v2#referee-response-341287 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 03 Oct 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Esteves A. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331924 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v1#referee-response-331924 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 04 Nov 2024 Adriana Esteves , University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331924 The Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child from Rivero and coworkers is very interesting in that it shows an atypical case of a parasitosis in a patient. The data provided in the introduction is correct and ... Continue reading READ ALL The Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child from Rivero and coworkers is very interesting in that it shows an atypical case of a parasitosis in a patient. The data provided in the introduction is correct and very appropriate. Recommendations to the authors: Explain the meaning of “direct ingestion of eggs” I understand that its different from accidentally, but it is difficult to understand a voluntary ingestion. “… probably due to ingesting the infected arthropods without realizing it.” The explanation is not convincing. The indicated period of reports around the world is too long to have an idea of ​​the evolution of the disease. It would be appropriate to indicate, for example, the current prevalence in each country mentioned, or at least some way that allows such old cases to be evidenced by recent ones. What’s the meaning of (ren) at the end of a sentence from the last paragraph of the introduction. IgE data after treatment would be an important input complementing the microscopic evaluation. If you have them, I suggest including them “… unlike the current case. there were no allergic manifestations ….“Typing error, there should be a comma instead of a period. Is the background of the case’s history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Yes Is the case presented with sufficient detail to be useful for other practitioners? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Molecular parasitology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Esteves A. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331924 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v1#referee-response-331924 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 18 Nov 2024 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 18 Nov 2024 Author Response 1.-When direct ingestion of eggs is indicated, it means ingestion of the eggs as such, not in any other evolutionary way. It means that even if an egg is swallowed, ... Continue reading 1.-When direct ingestion of eggs is indicated, it means ingestion of the eggs as such, not in any other evolutionary way. It means that even if an egg is swallowed, infection has not been described. It is necessary to ingest the cysticercoid found inside an arthropod.If you think it is strictly necessary to explain this better, please let me know. 2.-In the part where it is indicated that children are more susceptible to infection, it was changed without realizing it, because without paying attention to it. 3.- The placement of child(ren) was to indicate the plural of child, but it was changed at once to children 4.-We do not have IgE data from the child after treatment, as far as we know only stool tests were done again (we did them) 5.-Corrected, the period (dot) was removed and a comma was placed 1.-When direct ingestion of eggs is indicated, it means ingestion of the eggs as such, not in any other evolutionary way. It means that even if an egg is swallowed, infection has not been described. It is necessary to ingest the cysticercoid found inside an arthropod.If you think it is strictly necessary to explain this better, please let me know. 2.-In the part where it is indicated that children are more susceptible to infection, it was changed without realizing it, because without paying attention to it. 3.- The placement of child(ren) was to indicate the plural of child, but it was changed at once to children 4.-We do not have IgE data from the child after treatment, as far as we know only stool tests were done again (we did them) 5.-Corrected, the period (dot) was removed and a comma was placed Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 18 Nov 2024 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 18 Nov 2024 Author Response 1.-When direct ingestion of eggs is indicated, it means ingestion of the eggs as such, not in any other evolutionary way. It means that even if an egg is swallowed, ... Continue reading 1.-When direct ingestion of eggs is indicated, it means ingestion of the eggs as such, not in any other evolutionary way. It means that even if an egg is swallowed, infection has not been described. It is necessary to ingest the cysticercoid found inside an arthropod.If you think it is strictly necessary to explain this better, please let me know. 2.-In the part where it is indicated that children are more susceptible to infection, it was changed without realizing it, because without paying attention to it. 3.- The placement of child(ren) was to indicate the plural of child, but it was changed at once to children 4.-We do not have IgE data from the child after treatment, as far as we know only stool tests were done again (we did them) 5.-Corrected, the period (dot) was removed and a comma was placed 1.-When direct ingestion of eggs is indicated, it means ingestion of the eggs as such, not in any other evolutionary way. It means that even if an egg is swallowed, infection has not been described. It is necessary to ingest the cysticercoid found inside an arthropod.If you think it is strictly necessary to explain this better, please let me know. 2.-In the part where it is indicated that children are more susceptible to infection, it was changed without realizing it, because without paying attention to it. 3.- The placement of child(ren) was to indicate the plural of child, but it was changed at once to children 4.-We do not have IgE data from the child after treatment, as far as we know only stool tests were done again (we did them) 5.-Corrected, the period (dot) was removed and a comma was placed Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Nawa Y. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331922 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v1#referee-response-331922 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 28 Oct 2024 Yukifumi Nawa , Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331922 General: Although this manuscript is a case report of asymptomatic Hymenoleepis diminuta infection in a child in Ecuador, actual content of this manuscript is a kind of the mixture of a case report and a insufficient review of H. ... Continue reading READ ALL General: Although this manuscript is a case report of asymptomatic Hymenoleepis diminuta infection in a child in Ecuador, actual content of this manuscript is a kind of the mixture of a case report and a insufficient review of H. diminuta infection in general. Thus, as a case report, the entire manuscript is lengthy and wordy with too much of unnecessary reference citation. Specific: Introduction This is a report of an asymptomatic hymenolepiasis case. Thus, this case has little significance/attractive issues in terms of clinical practice. Also, as is mentioned by the authors, H. diminuta infection in humans, especially among children of poor sanitary condition has been sporadically but repeatedly reported from various parts of the world. The only merit/appeal of this case report is the confirmed case of H. diminuta infection in a child in Ecuador, where the presence of such a parasitic disease is ignored by the clinical practitioners in the country. Thus, the first 4 paragraphs of general description of H. diminuta infection should be merged into one short introductory paragraph. Case report The 3 years old boy has received regular health checking and his stool sample was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory. However, his stool was examined only by direct microscopic observation for the saline-diluted specimen (Please give more data as to how much of stool with what degree of saline-dilution). What about other coproparasitological examinations? What about possible co-infection with other intestinal helminths or protozoa? Discussion The same problem as those seen in the Introduction. The Discussion part of the case report should be limited to the findings and the problems and the tasks directly related to the present case. As it stands, the Discussion section of this manuscript contains too much of general information not directly related to this cs. Conclusions As it stands, the Conclusion is too general. Conclusions of the case report should be specific from the observations of this case. Is the background of the case’s history and progression described in sufficient detail? Partly Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Partly Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Partly Is the case presented with sufficient detail to be useful for other practitioners? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Parasitology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Nawa Y. Reviewer Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331922 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v1#referee-response-331922 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 18 Nov 2024 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 18 Nov 2024 Author Response 1.-The reviewer's suggestion is respected, but changes were made to the introduction, as it is considered short enough that it is necessary to eliminate information that is important to provide ... Continue reading 1.-The reviewer's suggestion is respected, but changes were made to the introduction, as it is considered short enough that it is necessary to eliminate information that is important to provide to the reader. 2.- Information on stool tests is included, because if we had the concentrate result and forgot to put that in the article 3.- The discussion further discussed the increase in eosinophils and IgE in cases of H. diminuta, such as this one. It was added that unfortunately there was no data on post-treatment IgE. 4.- Something else is added for conclusion, taking into account the reviewer's suggestion 1.-The reviewer's suggestion is respected, but changes were made to the introduction, as it is considered short enough that it is necessary to eliminate information that is important to provide to the reader. 2.- Information on stool tests is included, because if we had the concentrate result and forgot to put that in the article 3.- The discussion further discussed the increase in eosinophils and IgE in cases of H. diminuta, such as this one. It was added that unfortunately there was no data on post-treatment IgE. 4.- Something else is added for conclusion, taking into account the reviewer's suggestion Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 18 Nov 2024 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 18 Nov 2024 Author Response 1.-The reviewer's suggestion is respected, but changes were made to the introduction, as it is considered short enough that it is necessary to eliminate information that is important to provide ... Continue reading 1.-The reviewer's suggestion is respected, but changes were made to the introduction, as it is considered short enough that it is necessary to eliminate information that is important to provide to the reader. 2.- Information on stool tests is included, because if we had the concentrate result and forgot to put that in the article 3.- The discussion further discussed the increase in eosinophils and IgE in cases of H. diminuta, such as this one. It was added that unfortunately there was no data on post-treatment IgE. 4.- Something else is added for conclusion, taking into account the reviewer's suggestion 1.-The reviewer's suggestion is respected, but changes were made to the introduction, as it is considered short enough that it is necessary to eliminate information that is important to provide to the reader. 2.- Information on stool tests is included, because if we had the concentrate result and forgot to put that in the article 3.- The discussion further discussed the increase in eosinophils and IgE in cases of H. diminuta, such as this one. It was added that unfortunately there was no data on post-treatment IgE. 4.- Something else is added for conclusion, taking into account the reviewer's suggestion Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 03 Oct 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 3 (revision) 20 Feb 25 Version 2 (revision) 18 Nov 24 read read Version 1 03 Oct 24 read read Yukifumi Nawa , Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Adriana Esteves , University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Amal Sm Sayed , Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Sayed A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 12 Feb 2025 | for Version 2 Amal Sm Sayed , Head of Zoonoses Department, Assiut University, Asyut, Assiut Governorate, Egypt 0 Views copyright © 2025 Sayed A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The article is highlights the importance of H.diminuta infection in human and health implications. They provided background on H.diminuta . infection and their epidemiology are sufficient. The case study was well-written and the figures support the results mentioned by the authors. However, some corrections still should be made to improve the article. The correction are provided in the PDF file: https://f1000research.s3.amazonaws.com/linked/708089.h_rev..pdf Is the background of the case’s history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Yes Is the case presented with sufficient detail to be useful for other practitioners? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Zoonoses, Microbiology, Infectious diseases I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 20 Feb 2025 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador Greetings, I will proceed to make the text corrections that were suggested. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Sayed AS. Peer Review Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r361809) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v2#referee-response-361809 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Esteves A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 Nov 2024 | for Version 2 Adriana Esteves , University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay 0 Views copyright © 2024 Esteves A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I have no further comments. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Molecular parasitology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Esteves A. Peer Review Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.174667.r341287) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v2#referee-response-341287 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Esteves A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 04 Nov 2024 | for Version 1 Adriana Esteves , University of the Republic Uruguay, Montevideo, Montevideo Department, Uruguay 0 Views copyright © 2024 Esteves A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child from Rivero and coworkers is very interesting in that it shows an atypical case of a parasitosis in a patient. The data provided in the introduction is correct and very appropriate. Recommendations to the authors: Explain the meaning of “direct ingestion of eggs” I understand that its different from accidentally, but it is difficult to understand a voluntary ingestion. “… probably due to ingesting the infected arthropods without realizing it.” The explanation is not convincing. The indicated period of reports around the world is too long to have an idea of ​​the evolution of the disease. It would be appropriate to indicate, for example, the current prevalence in each country mentioned, or at least some way that allows such old cases to be evidenced by recent ones. What’s the meaning of (ren) at the end of a sentence from the last paragraph of the introduction. IgE data after treatment would be an important input complementing the microscopic evaluation. If you have them, I suggest including them “… unlike the current case. there were no allergic manifestations ….“Typing error, there should be a comma instead of a period. Is the background of the case’s history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Yes Is the case presented with sufficient detail to be useful for other practitioners? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Molecular parasitology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 18 Nov 2024 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 1.-When direct ingestion of eggs is indicated, it means ingestion of the eggs as such, not in any other evolutionary way. It means that even if an egg is swallowed, infection has not been described. It is necessary to ingest the cysticercoid found inside an arthropod.If you think it is strictly necessary to explain this better, please let me know. 2.-In the part where it is indicated that children are more susceptible to infection, it was changed without realizing it, because without paying attention to it. 3.- The placement of child(ren) was to indicate the plural of child, but it was changed at once to children 4.-We do not have IgE data from the child after treatment, as far as we know only stool tests were done again (we did them) 5.-Corrected, the period (dot) was removed and a comma was placed View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Esteves A. Peer Review Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331924) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v1#referee-response-331924 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Nawa Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 28 Oct 2024 | for Version 1 Yukifumi Nawa , Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 0 Views copyright © 2024 Nawa Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions General: Although this manuscript is a case report of asymptomatic Hymenoleepis diminuta infection in a child in Ecuador, actual content of this manuscript is a kind of the mixture of a case report and a insufficient review of H. diminuta infection in general. Thus, as a case report, the entire manuscript is lengthy and wordy with too much of unnecessary reference citation. Specific: Introduction This is a report of an asymptomatic hymenolepiasis case. Thus, this case has little significance/attractive issues in terms of clinical practice. Also, as is mentioned by the authors, H. diminuta infection in humans, especially among children of poor sanitary condition has been sporadically but repeatedly reported from various parts of the world. The only merit/appeal of this case report is the confirmed case of H. diminuta infection in a child in Ecuador, where the presence of such a parasitic disease is ignored by the clinical practitioners in the country. Thus, the first 4 paragraphs of general description of H. diminuta infection should be merged into one short introductory paragraph. Case report The 3 years old boy has received regular health checking and his stool sample was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory. However, his stool was examined only by direct microscopic observation for the saline-diluted specimen (Please give more data as to how much of stool with what degree of saline-dilution). What about other coproparasitological examinations? What about possible co-infection with other intestinal helminths or protozoa? Discussion The same problem as those seen in the Introduction. The Discussion part of the case report should be limited to the findings and the problems and the tasks directly related to the present case. As it stands, the Discussion section of this manuscript contains too much of general information not directly related to this cs. Conclusions As it stands, the Conclusion is too general. Conclusions of the case report should be specific from the observations of this case. Is the background of the case’s history and progression described in sufficient detail? Partly Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Partly Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Partly Is the case presented with sufficient detail to be useful for other practitioners? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Parasitology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 18 Nov 2024 Zulbey Rivero de Rodriguez , Biological Sciences, Universidad Tecnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador 1.-The reviewer's suggestion is respected, but changes were made to the introduction, as it is considered short enough that it is necessary to eliminate information that is important to provide to the reader. 2.- Information on stool tests is included, because if we had the concentrate result and forgot to put that in the article 3.- The discussion further discussed the increase in eosinophils and IgE in cases of H. diminuta, such as this one. It was added that unfortunately there was no data on post-treatment IgE. 4.- Something else is added for conclusion, taking into account the reviewer's suggestion View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Nawa Y. Peer Review Report For: Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian child. [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :1119 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.171080.r331922) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v1#referee-response-331922 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v3" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v3&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v3" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Rivero de Rodriguez Z et al.'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v3/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119", templates : { twitter : "Case Report: Hymenolepis diminuta in an asymptomatic Ecuadorian.... Rivero de Rodriguez Z et al., published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1119/v3" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/155856/178245") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "178245"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "343173": 0, "343175": 0, "343174": 0, "343181": 0, "343180": 0, "331919": 0, "343182": 0, "343177": 0, "343176": 0, "343179": 0, "343178": 0, "331925": 0, "331924": 11, "331927": 0, "331926": 0, "331921": 0, "331920": 0, "331923": 0, "331922": 12, "331928": 0, "341287": 8, "341286": 0, "358957": 0, "358956": 0, "358959": 0, "358958": 0, "358953": 0, "358952": 0, "358955": 0, "358954": 0, "367797": 0, "367796": 0, "367798": 0, "358961": 0, "358960": 0, "361805": 0, "361807": 0, "361806": 0, "361813": 0, "361812": 0, "361814": 0, "361809": 15, "361808": 0, "361811": 0, "361810": 0, "354399": 0, "354398": 0, "354401": 0, "354400": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "9cedb293-0da9-46f3-9584-8c2db83f32c7"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });