Analyzing the effect of oceanic turbulence on spreading properties of the Whittaker-Gaussian laser beam

Analyzing the effect of oceanic turbulence on spreading properties of the Whittaker-Gaussian laser beam | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analyzing the effect of oceanic turbulence on spreading properties of the Whittaker-Gaussian laser beam N. Nossir, L. Dalil-Essakali, A. Belafhal This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4372477/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper explores the spreading feature of the Whittaker-Gaussian light beam (WG) propagating through turbulent oceanic environments by utilizing the diffraction integral formula and under the Rytov approximation theory. From the analytical formula, some numerical simulations are derived and analyzed to examine the evolution of the axial intensity of the corresponding beam propagating through oceanic turbulence. The outcomes that were achieved show that the development of the variation of the intensity of the WG beam depends strongly on its starting parameters and oceanic variables including the wavelength, the beam waist, the dissipation rate of mean-square temperature, the ratio of temperature to salinity fluctuation and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass of ocean. The outcomes acquired by our simulations have significant applications in the fields of subsea optical communication and imaging technologies. Whittaker Gaussian Turbulent oceanic environments Extended Huygens-Fresnel principle remote sensing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4372477","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":300075978,"identity":"f6718e51-6c64-4865-8161-904ccbc92827","order_by":0,"name":"N. 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