Exploring the thermoeconomic of converting 4-stroke combustion motorcycles to 2-stroke expansion models

Exploring the thermoeconomic of converting 4-stroke combustion motorcycles to 2-stroke expansion models | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Exploring the thermoeconomic of converting 4-stroke combustion motorcycles to 2-stroke expansion models Mahdi Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Edris Tayyeban This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5237999/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The rise in population has led to an upsurge in the consumption of fossil fuels across various sectors. The transportation sector, as one of the important sectors in the consumption of fossil fuels, is a notable contributor to the production of pollutants and greenhouse gases. However, the use of energy sources is constrained by their inherent inconsistency. In this current research, the initial step involved identifying three prevalent motorcycle types in Tehran, the largest and most polluted city in Iran. Then, with changes in the mechanism and timing of fluid entry and exit into the cylinder, they changed from a 4-stroke combustion engine to a two-stroke expansion engine with compressed air fuel. Following the motorcycle modification, the study delved into a comprehensive examination. This included thermodynamic modelling, analysis of power and torque production, assessment of compressed air consumption, exploration of initial acceleration dynamics, and determination of the distance travelled. Furthermore, in the concluding phase, the research quantified the annual savings in pollutant production and reduced fuel consumption for Tehran. The calculated reductions stand at 15,750 kg for CO, 5,523 kg for HC, 231 kg for NO x , 114,996 kg for CO 2 , and a substantial 92,400 liters for fuel. These findings underscore the positive environmental impact and efficiency gains achieved through the modified engine system. Motorcycle 4-strock 2-strock Air compressed engine Transportation Emission Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5237999","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":364510415,"identity":"a1fb9daa-0ee8-4238-9058-f14151266146","order_by":0,"name":"Mahdi Deymi-Dashtebayaz","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgaJBAZmIIOx8QGIy0eKlmYDEJeNKC0MYC0MbBJgkpAG3fazB288YLCWM7h2uK3ya46dDBsD88NHN/BoMTuTl2yRwJBubHA7se227LZkoMPYjI1z8Gk5kGMG9MvhxA0gLZLbmIFaeNik8Wo5/waspR6kpVhyWz0RWm5AbEkAOYzx47bDxGh5Y2yRYJBuOPN2YrM047bjPGzMhPxyPsfw5o8Ka3m+2+kPP/7cVm3Pz9788DE+LRAAjEOFA8DY4QFxmAkqhwL5BmD8/yBW9SgYBaNgFIwoAADOR0fWoQGAJAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Hakim Sabzevari University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mahdi","middleName":"","lastName":"Deymi-Dashtebayaz","suffix":""},{"id":364510416,"identity":"98674ef6-893f-4429-9d51-50fa078c9800","order_by":1,"name":"Edris Tayyeban","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hakim Sabzevari University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edris","middleName":"","lastName":"Tayyeban","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-10 08:53:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5237999/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5237999/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66987350,"identity":"6043af82-59d1-42ac-86da-0625d0809b9e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 21:01:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1311724,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"motorcyclewithairenginev19.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5237999/v1_covered_c472e093-810a-4b94-8750-fa4e929b79d6.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Exploring the thermoeconomic of converting 4-stroke combustion motorcycles to 2-stroke expansion models","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Motorcycle, 4-strock, 2-strock, Air compressed engine, Transportation, Emission","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5237999/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5237999/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe rise in population has led to an upsurge in the consumption of fossil fuels across various sectors. 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