Single-Pulse and Double-Pulse laser systems of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Based Optimization of Narrowband Optical intensity Lithium Sensor and Logic Inverter Switch device models for Lithium Detection in Single-Cell

Single-Pulse and Double-Pulse laser systems of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Based Optimization of Narrowband Optical intensity Lithium Sensor and Logic Inverter Switch device models for Lithium Detection in Single-Cell | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Single-Pulse and Double-Pulse laser systems of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Based Optimization of Narrowband Optical intensity Lithium Sensor and Logic Inverter Switch device models for Lithium Detection in Single-Cell Al Imran, Changbiao Li, Yanpeng Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9156781/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a rapid, label-free approach for elemental analysis at the cellular level; however, its quantitative performance is often limited by plasma instability and severe self-absorption (SA) effects, particularly for lithium (Li) detection. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of Li sensing in normal and Li-induced single-cell samples using three laser systems excitation schemes: double-pulse (532 + 1064 nm), single-pulse 532 nm, and single-pulse 1064 nm LIBS. The emission spectra of Li corresponding to the resonance line at 670.8 nm were examined after applying an exponential self-absorption (SA) correction. Important plasma parameters such as plasma temperature, electron density, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and limit of detection (LOD) were determined using both the original and SA-corrected spectral data. The findings indicate that the double-pulse configuration generates significantly higher plasma temperature, electron density, and emission intensity, resulting in markedly improved analytical performance compared with the single-pulse excitation method. Application of SA correction increases Li spectra peak intensity, plasma temperature, electron density and SNR, reduces relative error in plasma diagnostics and improves calibration linearity for all laser systems. Li detection limits were determined to be 0.30 ppm for the double-pulse (532 + 1064 nm) laser system, 0.50 ppm for the single-pulse 532 nm laser system and 0.66 ppm for the single-pulse 1064 nm laser system, confirming the superior sensitivity of the double-pulse (532 + 1064 nm) laser configuration. So, this study highlights the combined advantages of dual-pulse excitation and SA correction for reliable quantitative LIBS analysis of Li at the single-cell level, providing a promising platform for biomedical and trace-element diagnostics. Also, this study’s findings further applied to realize some novel device models, which were optical intensity narrowband Li sensor model and optical intensity narrowband logic inverter switching model. These device models demonstrated significant potential for quantum communication devices, which were achieved by optimization of intensity spectra peak surface area, sensitivity contrast of Li sensor, switching contrast and switching speed. Parameter values from those device models were obtained maximum 0.6 of intensity spectra peak surface area, maximum 95% of switching contrast, 100% of sensitivity contrast of Li sensor and faster 10ns of switching speed. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Laser wavelength optimization Elemental detection sensitivity and Quantum communication devices Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9156781","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":619401042,"identity":"f0f04852-c4e1-419e-9981-206579045a03","order_by":0,"name":"Al Imran","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDADxvmHDwApCRnitTDPYEsAaeEhXgv7DB4DEE1YC7/Y4WMPPubY5PHO7vn86kaNBQ8D++GjG/BpkZydlm44c1taseScs9usc44BHcaTlnYDnxaD2zlm0rzbDidubMjdZpzDBtQiwWOGV4s9SMtfoJb9B3KeGef8I0KLgTRQCyNQS+OMHObHuW1EaJG4nZYm2bstLbGx55gZc26fBA8bIb/wz04+JvFzm01iY3vz48853+rk+NkPH8OrBRmwSYBJYpWDAPMHUlSPglEwCkbByAEAuE9JInNR/c8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Al","middleName":"","lastName":"Imran","suffix":""},{"id":619401043,"identity":"39b622aa-d444-4477-b5c2-c269f6c1d8ef","order_by":1,"name":"Changbiao Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Changbiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":619401044,"identity":"67e9e0c2-de4f-435f-a80a-69e68527af4f","order_by":2,"name":"Yanpeng Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanpeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-18 08:40:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9156781/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9156781/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108799627,"identity":"58561b55-c462-47fe-b6d3-594a93e22759","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 13:59:45","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":687616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptJAAS2RevisionClean.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9156781/v1_covered_7bf0dd42-253a-43e8-be74-c27aa370ee5b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Single-Pulse and Double-Pulse laser systems of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Based Optimization of Narrowband Optical intensity Lithium Sensor and Logic Inverter Switch device models for Lithium Detection in Single-Cell","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Laser wavelength optimization, Elemental detection sensitivity and Quantum communication devices","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9156781/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9156781/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a rapid, label-free approach for elemental analysis at the cellular level; however, its quantitative performance is often limited by plasma instability and severe self-absorption (SA) effects, particularly for lithium (Li) detection. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of Li sensing in normal and Li-induced single-cell samples using three laser systems excitation schemes: double-pulse (532\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1064 nm), single-pulse 532 nm, and single-pulse 1064 nm LIBS. The emission spectra of Li corresponding to the resonance line at 670.8 nm were examined after applying an exponential self-absorption (SA) correction. Important plasma parameters such as plasma temperature, electron density, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and limit of detection (LOD) were determined using both the original and SA-corrected spectral data. The findings indicate that the double-pulse configuration generates significantly higher plasma temperature, electron density, and emission intensity, resulting in markedly improved analytical performance compared with the single-pulse excitation method. Application of SA correction increases Li spectra peak intensity, plasma temperature, electron density and SNR, reduces relative error in plasma diagnostics and improves calibration linearity for all laser systems. Li detection limits were determined to be 0.30 ppm for the double-pulse (532\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1064 nm) laser system, 0.50 ppm for the single-pulse 532 nm laser system and 0.66 ppm for the single-pulse 1064 nm laser system, confirming the superior sensitivity of the double-pulse (532\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1064 nm) laser configuration. So, this study highlights the combined advantages of dual-pulse excitation and SA correction for reliable quantitative LIBS analysis of Li at the single-cell level, providing a promising platform for biomedical and trace-element diagnostics. Also, this study\u0026rsquo;s findings further applied to realize some novel device models, which were optical intensity narrowband Li sensor model and optical intensity narrowband logic inverter switching model. These device models demonstrated significant potential for quantum communication devices, which were achieved by optimization of intensity spectra peak surface area, sensitivity contrast of Li sensor, switching contrast and switching speed. Parameter values from those device models were obtained maximum 0.6 of intensity spectra peak surface area, maximum 95% of switching contrast, 100% of sensitivity contrast of Li sensor and faster 10ns of switching speed.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Single-Pulse and Double-Pulse laser systems of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Based Optimization of Narrowband Optical intensity Lithium Sensor and Logic Inverter Switch device models for Lithium Detection in Single-Cell","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-14 15:59:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9156781/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e79642c2-efc8-4de5-b69c-d96391b62505","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 14th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Rejected","date":"2026-05-08T13:44:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-04T09:42:05+00:00","index":12,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-08T13:59:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-14 15:59:21","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9156781","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9156781","identity":"rs-9156781","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}