Accurate and streamlined approach for modelling hermetic reciprocating compressors

Accurate and streamlined approach for modelling hermetic reciprocating compressors | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Accurate and streamlined approach for modelling hermetic reciprocating compressors Jay Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6833573/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents a comprehensive and streamlined approach for accurately modelling the performance of hermetic reciprocating compressors, with a focus on addressing limitations in existing models under variable-speed conditions. Traditional compressor models sometimes fail to capture the influence of motor frequency, particularly at low-speed operations where performance variations are significant. To overcome these gaps, a numerical modelling framework was developed using 1-D and 2-D polynomial regressions to represent volumetric and isentropic efficiencies as functions of both compression ratio and motor speed frequency. The modelling process utilizes input data from manufacturer tools and thermodynamic databases to cover a wide range of operating conditions. A case study involving the Bitzer 4HTE-20K CO₂ compressor demonstrates that the proposed speed-driven compressor model improves accuracy, particularly in the low-frequency range below 40 Hz. The proposed numerical model with predictions of compressor power input and discharge temperature has been validated against published experimental data within a ± 10% error margin. This refined approach enhances simulation precision by up to 19.4% at low-speed motor frequencies, offering a practical and reliable tool for academics, industry professionals, and system designers to accurately predict the performance of hermetic reciprocating compressors used in refrigeration and heat pump applications across diverse operational scenarios. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6833573","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":467862533,"identity":"37b2a9e2-381e-4a65-8093-06a0bc662f4c","order_by":0,"name":"Jay Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYog590LZINCDaRwOAAsVqY288YMPPU3LHbfPyM+QOGGjsGc/4DBBzWkwPUcuxZ8rYzOYYNDMeSGSwbCGlpAGrJYTucbHYApIXtAIPBQQLuY+x/A9Ty73Cycf8boJZ/QC2HCfiFcQbQlty2w3YGEkBbGNuAWo4R1PKs4PDfvsMJEjeeFc5I7EvmMThDQIthf/LGhzO+Hbbn70/e8OHDNzs5g/MHCGhp4DAAKUlsAPESGBh4CNjBwCDPwP4ARNsTVDkKRsEoGAUjFwAAy7lGR9tEoKoAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Auckland University of Technology (AUT)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jay","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-06 04:53:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6833573/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6833573/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87181275,"identity":"2c5556af-dd19-4e83-b213-47bfe2a96a50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-21 09:47:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":872389,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptfinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6833573/v1_covered_6ebff5a4-861c-4896-a465-abd9cd16091d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Accurate and streamlined approach for modelling hermetic reciprocating compressors","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6833573/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6833573/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study presents a comprehensive and streamlined approach for accurately modelling the performance of hermetic reciprocating compressors, with a focus on addressing limitations in existing models under variable-speed conditions. Traditional compressor models sometimes fail to capture the influence of motor frequency, particularly at low-speed operations where performance variations are significant. To overcome these gaps, a numerical modelling framework was developed using 1-D and 2-D polynomial regressions to represent volumetric and isentropic efficiencies as functions of both compression ratio and motor speed frequency. The modelling process utilizes input data from manufacturer tools and thermodynamic databases to cover a wide range of operating conditions. A case study involving the Bitzer 4HTE-20K CO₂ compressor demonstrates that the proposed speed-driven compressor model improves accuracy, particularly in the low-frequency range below 40 Hz. The proposed numerical model with predictions of compressor power input and discharge temperature has been validated against published experimental data within a ± 10% error margin. 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