Geometric Approach to Quantization and Unification of the Gravitational, nuclear, and electrostatic forces

Geometric Approach to Quantization and Unification of the Gravitational, nuclear, and electrostatic forces | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Geometric Approach to Quantization and Unification of the Gravitational, nuclear, and electrostatic forces Nicholas Harkiolakis This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8620036/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A model universe is presented, featuring a single type of force expressed as a power law from which the observed forms of electrostatic, nuclear, and gravitational forces emerge. Interactions between the entities/particles within this universe are examined, and mass and charge are defined. Inherent characteristics of this universe include expansion when masses are added and an increase in mass with acceleration or velocity. The model can serve as a starting point and testbed for a quantum gravitational representation of physical quantities and their interactions. Furthermore, the model can be employed to introduce students to modeling interactions and fundamental forces through parameter selection and comparison to observable estimates. Theoretical Physics quantum gravity unification quantized universe fundamental forces Cartesian system Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8620036","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":575678100,"identity":"ccb84651-3561-42c6-9bc7-585ce45301a3","order_by":0,"name":"Nicholas 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forces\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"New England College","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"quantum gravity, unification, quantized universe, fundamental forces, Cartesian system","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8620036/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8620036/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA model universe is presented, featuring a single type of force expressed as a power law from which the observed forms of electrostatic, nuclear, and gravitational forces emerge. Interactions between the entities/particles within this universe are examined, and mass and charge are defined. Inherent characteristics of this universe include expansion when masses are added and an increase in mass with acceleration or velocity. The model can serve as a starting point and testbed for a quantum gravitational representation of physical quantities and their interactions. Furthermore, the model can be employed to introduce students to modeling interactions and fundamental forces through parameter selection and comparison to observable estimates.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Geometric Approach to Quantization and Unification of the Gravitational, nuclear, and electrostatic forces","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-19 02:20:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8620036/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4f57c2dd-c943-47cd-aa0d-7be4a6b110af","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 19th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":61256157,"name":"Theoretical Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-19T02:20:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-19 02:20:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8620036","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8620036","identity":"rs-8620036","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}