Unpacking and navigating complexity in disaster risk reduction

Unpacking and navigating complexity in disaster risk reduction | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Unpacking and navigating complexity in disaster risk reduction Sara Lindersson, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Charles Parker, Sara Bondesson, and 36 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6957900/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a highly complex undertaking, carried out within dynamic and interconnected human-environment systems. This high level of complexity poses persistent challenges for planning, coordination, and implementation of DRR efforts. Although widely acknowledged, the broad notion of “DRR complexity” remains under-specified, limiting a harmonized and comprehensive understanding of the topic across disciplines and sectors. Drawing on disaster research scholarship, we propose a conceptual lens consisting of five tangible and recurrent complexity dimensions: 1) system interdependency; 2) multi-level governance; 3) functional overlap; 4) uncertainty in data, models and predictions; and 5) political volatility. Using an integrative approach, we empirically evaluate these dimensions across 58 case studies worldwide and demonstrate that all five consistently shape DRR processes. These dimensions frequently co-occur and interact, creating challenges practitioners must routinely navigate. Yet our analysis also show that complexity can sometimes trigger rapid institutional adaptation and improved coordination, depending on factors like perceived urgency of the impacts. Rather than a barrier, complexity should be acknowledged as a reality to be continuously engaged with. Embracing the inherent complexity of DRR may transform it into an innovation and continuous learning engine, provided that long-term resources support these adaptive efforts. Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Climate-change policy Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Climate-change impacts/Governance Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences/Sustainability Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files datasets1initialsample.csv Dataset 1 datasets2sourcedata.csv Dataset 2 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6957900","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":482583677,"identity":"5f7a7b91-544f-49e3-b122-31a54207219f","order_by":0,"name":"Sara 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