Oxygen uptake efficiency plateau is unaffected by fitness level - the NOODLE Study

Oxygen uptake efficiency plateau is unaffected by fitness level - the NOODLE Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Oxygen uptake efficiency plateau is unaffected by fitness level - the NOODLE Study Przemysław Kasiak, Tomasz Kowalski, Kinga Rębiś, Andrzej Klusiewicz, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4085504/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 2 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background Endurance athletes (EA) are an emerging population of focus for cardiovascular health. The oxygen uptake efficiency plateau (OUEP) is the levelling-off period of ratio between oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) and ventilation (VE). In the cohort of EA, we externally validated prediction models for OUEP and derived with internal validation a new equation. Methods 140 EA underwent a medical assessment and maximal cycling cardiopulmonary exercise test. Participants were 55% male ( N = 77, age = 21.4 ± 4.8 years, BMI = 22.6 ± 1.7 kg·m − 2 , peak VO 2 = 4.40 ± 0.64 L·min − 1 ) and 45% female ( N = 63, age = 23.4 ± 4.3 years, BMI = 22.1 ± 1.6 kg·m − 2 , peak VO 2 = 3.21 ± 0.48 L·min − 1 ). OUEP was defined as the highest 90-second continuous value of the ratio between VO 2 and VE. We used the multivariable stepwise linear regression to develop a new prediction equation for OUEP. Results OUEP was 44.2 ± 4.2 mL·L − 1 and 41.0 ± 4.8 mL·L − 1 for males and females, respectively. In external validation, OUEP was comparable to directly measured and did not differ significantly. The prediction error for males was − 0.42 mL·L − 1 (0.94%, p = 0.39), and for females was + 0.33 mL·L − 1 (0.81%, p = 0.59). The developed new prediction equation was: 61.37–0.12·height (in cm) + 5.08 (for males). The developed model outperformed the previous. However, the equation explained up to 12.9% of the variance (R = 0.377, R 2 = 0.129, RMSE = 4.39 mL·L − 1 ). Conclusion OUEP is a stable and transferable cardiorespiratory index. OUEP is minimally affected by fitness level and demographic factors. The predicted OUEP provided promising but limited accuracy among EA. The derived new model is tailored for EA. OUEP could be used to stratify the cardiorespiratory response to exercise and guide training. Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Plateau Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Endurance Athletes Prediction Equation Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cardiovascular Health Full Text Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterial1.docx SupplementaryMaterial2.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 2 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 22 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 20 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4085504","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":320228245,"identity":"4a516dd3-3544-11ef-91e4-06cc9d20a69f","order_by":0,"name":"Przemysław Kasiak","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Przemysław","middleName":"","lastName":"Kasiak","suffix":""},{"id":320228451,"identity":"5c488ec6-3544-11ef-91e4-06cc9d20a69f","order_by":1,"name":"Tomasz Kowalski","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport - 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the NOODLE Study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Plateau, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, Endurance Athletes, Prediction Equation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Cardiovascular Health","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4085504/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4085504/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndurance athletes (EA) are an emerging population of focus for cardiovascular health. The oxygen uptake efficiency plateau (OUEP) is the levelling-off period of ratio between oxygen uptake (VO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) and ventilation (VE). In the cohort of EA, we externally validated prediction models for OUEP and derived with internal validation a new equation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e140 EA underwent a medical assessment and maximal cycling cardiopulmonary exercise test. Participants were 55% male (\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;77, age\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;21.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.8 years, BMI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7 kg\u0026middot;m\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e, peak VO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.64 L\u0026middot;min\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) and 45% female (\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;63, age\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.3 years, BMI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6 kg\u0026middot;m\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e, peak VO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.48 L\u0026middot;min\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e). OUEP was defined as the highest 90-second continuous value of the ratio between VO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and VE. We used the multivariable stepwise linear regression to develop a new prediction equation for OUEP.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOUEP was 44.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.2 mL\u0026middot;L\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 41.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.8 mL\u0026middot;L\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e for males and females, respectively. In external validation, OUEP was comparable to directly measured and did not differ significantly. The prediction error for males was \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;0.42 mL\u0026middot;L\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (0.94%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.39), and for females was +\u0026thinsp;0.33 mL\u0026middot;L\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (0.81%, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.59). The developed new prediction equation was: 61.37\u0026ndash;0.12\u0026middot;height (in cm)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;5.08 (for males). The developed model outperformed the previous. However, the equation explained up to 12.9% of the variance (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.377, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.129, RMSE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.39 mL\u0026middot;L\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOUEP is a stable and transferable cardiorespiratory index. OUEP is minimally affected by fitness level and demographic factors. The predicted OUEP provided promising but limited accuracy among EA. The derived new model is tailored for EA. OUEP could be used to stratify the cardiorespiratory response to exercise and guide training.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Oxygen uptake efficiency plateau is unaffected by fitness level - the NOODLE Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2024-06-28 11:57:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4085504/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-06-28T13:55:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-22T20:24:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"160224204040742322665137146497162150713","date":"2024-06-21T18:16:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-06-21T09:05:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-06-21T03:02:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Sports 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