Terahertz generation from chirped and delayed laser pulses in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide

Terahertz generation from chirped and delayed laser pulses in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Terahertz generation from chirped and delayed laser pulses in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide Ilyes Betka, Moïse Deroh, Simon Dubuis, Gabriel Taton, Frédéric Fauquet, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7700719/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Applied Physics B → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract THz generation from chirped and delayed laser pulses using periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) traditionally requires high-energy sources and bulky PPLN crystals. However, for compact, integrated, and miniaturized THz-based applications, such systems must be downsized. In this work, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate THz generation in a PPLN waveguide with a cross-section of 500 × 500 µm², pumped with low pulse energies in the microjoule range at a wavelength of 1 µm. Simulations show that tightly focused optical pulses in this configuration achieve significantly higher THz generation efficiency compared to collimated pumping. For a propagation length of 1.6 cm, optimal parameters are identified as a pulse duration of 5 ps and a pump energy between 0.5 and 1 µJ. Experimental validation confirms these findings, yielding a narrowband THz spectrum centered around 488 GHz. This work opens new perspectives for the development of efficient, integrated THz sources for advanced applications in THz photonics, spectroscopy, and high-speed communications. PPLN waveguide Terahertz sources Nonlinear optical coupling wave equations Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Applied Physics B → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 31 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 17 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 14 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7700719","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":519807418,"identity":"eae245a5-c8bd-499f-94ee-1c593bc187b5","order_by":0,"name":"Ilyes 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However, for compact, integrated, and miniaturized THz-based applications, such systems must be downsized. In this work, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate THz generation in a PPLN waveguide with a cross-section of 500 \u0026times; 500 \u0026micro;m\u0026sup2;, pumped with low pulse energies in the microjoule range at a wavelength of 1 \u0026micro;m. Simulations show that tightly focused optical pulses in this configuration achieve significantly higher THz generation efficiency compared to collimated pumping. For a propagation length of 1.6 cm, optimal parameters are identified as a pulse duration of 5 ps and a pump energy between 0.5 and 1 \u0026micro;J. Experimental validation confirms these findings, yielding a narrowband THz spectrum centered around 488 GHz. 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