Investigating the psychedelic hypothesis of kykeon, the sacred elixir of the Eleusinian Mysteries

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Antonopoulos, Evangelos Dadiotis, Kostas Ioannidis, and 11 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8000194/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study revisits the hypothesis that Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul., a fungus infecting cereals and producing ergot alkaloids (EAs), was the psychedelic agent in kykeon , the sacred elixir of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Although archaeological evidence supports this link, experimental data confirming the transformation of toxic ergopeptides into psychoactive lysergic acid amide derivatives in putative ancient preparations remain limited. The potential hydrolysis products of ergot were investigated using a technique that could have been readily applied by the priestesses of Eleusis, notably reacting in lye. Pulverized sclerotia were refluxed in solutions of lye and in distilled water. Samples obtained after liquid-liquid extractions were analyzed with 1 H-NMR and UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS. The 1 H NMR spectra demonstrated conversion of toxic ergopeptides, present in control samples but absent at all reaction times in 5 % w/v ergot treated with pH 12.5 lye, where characteristic peaks for lysergic acid amide (LSA; ergine) and isolysergic acid amide (iso-LSA; isoergine) appeared. UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS quantitation confirmed this conversion, yielding 0.54 mg LSA and 0.48 mg iso-LSA per gram of ergot and complete hydrolysis of the toxic ergopeptides at 120 min. The chemical transformation of toxic EAs to psychoactive compounds, utilizing ancient technology, was demonstrated and supports the “psychedelic Eleusis” hypothesis. Biological sciences/Biochemistry Physical sciences/Chemistry Psychedelic Kykeon Eleusinian Mysteries Claviceps purpurea Ergot alkaloids Lysergic acid amide (LSA) Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Introduction Psychedelics, a diverse class of psychoactive substances, intertwined with human spirituality since prehistory, are re-emerging as tools for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and exploring consciousness 1 . While contemporary studies rapidly expand their clinical perspectives 1 , ritual use of psychedelic preparations provides valuable insights into the cultural frameworks shaping their effects 2 . Situating modern psychedelic research within this broader historical continuum can enrich current therapeutic approaches by acknowledging the interplay between substance and setting while drawing on ancestral ethnopharmacological knowledge 2 . In this context, the hypothesis of the psychedelic ceremonial use of kykeon , the sacred elixir marking the climax of the Eleusinian Mysteries 3 , is revisited. These rites, known in antiquity as Μυστήρια τὰ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι , were annual autumnal agrarian religious festivals culminating in the initiation hall ( Τελεστήριον ) of Eleusis ( Ἐλευσίς , modern Elefsina), 20 km west of Athens via the Holy Way ( Ἱερὰ Ὁδός ) 3 . Conducted for nearly two millennia, they attracted people throughout the Mediterranean, constituting the most important esoteric tradition of Classical antiquity 3 , 4 . Rich in symbolism, tied to the life-death-rebirth cycle, they exerted lasting influence on Western tradition 3 . Through initiation into collective experience, they transcended divisions of gender, class, and ethnicity, conveying a universal message 4 . Pausanias praised them as one of Greece’s greatest wonders, alongside the Olympic Games, both safeguarded by the providence of the Gods 3 . The mythological basis of the cult lies in a narrative rooted in the 4th millennium, first recorded around the 7th century BCΕ 3 , in an anonymous epic known as The Homeric Hymn to Demeter , part of the Panhellenic hymn tradition 5 . At its core unfolds the story of Persephone ’s (or Κόρη , meaning “ daughter/maiden”) abduction by Pluto (or Hades , God of the underworld) and her mother Demeter ’s (Goddess of nature, harvest, agriculture, and fertility) search for her in Eleusis 5 . These deities were later assimilated into the Roman pantheon through religious syncretism, becoming Proserpina , Dis Pater , and Ceres , a tradition that endured until its suppression by rising Christianity in the 4th century CE 3 . Central to the experience was the potation of kykeon ( κῠκεών from the verb κῠκάω “to mix”), a ceremonial drink whose composition and use remain a topic of debate 6 . Many scholars view its drinking as a sacramental act of communion 3 , 4 , others argue that it served as a vehicle for an entheogen 7 , 8 , suggesting cognateness with the soma ritual 9 , 10 , while some dispute the “psychedelic Eleusis” hypothesis 11 – 13 . “Entheogen” (from ἔνθεος , “God within,” and γενέσθαι , “to give birth to”) was coined to describe psychoactive substances that induce altered states of consciousness in ceremonial settings 14 , avoiding the terms “psychedelics” (from ψυχή meaning “soul” but also “butterfly”, its emergence from the chrysalis symbolizing the soul’s release at death 15 and δῆλος meaning “to manifest” 16 ) or “hallucinogens” which carry cultural biases 14 . The initiation of consuming the kykeon is described in lines 206–210 of the Hymn 5 . When Metaneira, the queen of Eleusis offered Goddess Demeter “ honey-sweet wine” to soothe her sorrow, the Goddess refused, replying that “it is not lawful for her to drink red wine” but she ordered them “mix barley and water with soft mint and give her to drink” and Metaneira “prepared the kykeon and offered it to the goddess, as she bade ” 5 . In practice, within the darkened temple, participants had to recite the formula: “ I have fasted, I have drunk the kykeon. ” 17 What happened thereafter is, as the name suggests (Mysteries deriving from µύω , “to keep eyes/mouth shut”) an enigma, the penalty for revealing what occurred, in public or private, being death 3 . However, considerable information survives from the myth 5 , the Lesser Eleusinian Mysteries ( Ἐλευσίνια τὰ Μικρά , public pre-festivals) 3 , organizational records 3 , and polemical early Christian accounts1 7 . We can be reasonably certain of their psychedelic core through numerous accounts of the experience, namely ego dissolution and the “resurrection” of the soul into a higher state of being, where psychedelic and religious dimensions likely converged. Pindar and Cicero both link initiation with knowledge of death and afterlife and, by extension, with happiness 3 . Building on the enduring mystery surrounding kykeon’s composition, scholarship has long sought to identify its psychoactive components 6 . There are many variants of kykeon described in ancient Greek texts (see Supplementary Note 2). With focus on the Eleusinian one, its components are given as water, mint, and barley 5 . While fermented barley and its alcohol content may contribute to the drink’s flavor profile, it would not suffice to induce an entheogenic reaction, with alcohol also being denied by the Goddess. Another psychoactive candidate is mint, referred to in text as γλήχωνι , identified as pennyroyal ( Mentha pulegium ), a fragrant herb with known calming properties 4 . Although toxic in high doses, pennyroyal is presumed non-psychedelic 4 . In addition to barley and mint, the opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ) was closely linked to the Eleusinian cult, depicted on reliefs 12 . However, opium was well known in ancient Greek medicine and rituals 18 , thus its public symbolism and narcotic-sedative profile argue against it being the hidden entheogen 12 . Other candidates, including the psychedelic Amanita muscaria and psilocybin mushrooms remain speculative 13 , due to their seasonal nature, irregular availability, and non-cultivability, making their use unlikely in a structured ritual involving thousands of initiates. The 1970s marked a turning point with The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries 8 by R. Gordon Wasson, the mycologist who introduced “magic” mushrooms to the West 19 , Albert Hofmann, the chemist who synthesized LSD20 (Fig. 1 ) and Carl A. P. Ruck, the classicist who coined the term “entheogen” 14 . They advanced the hypothesis that ergot alkaloids (EAs), produced by Claviceps purpurea , a plant-parasitic ascomycete filamentous fungus, were the secret entheogenic agents in kykeon 8 . Recent archaeological evidence from a ritual site in Mas Castellar de Pontós, a city near Ἐµπόριον (meaning “trade”), an ancient Greek colony and major cereal trading port 21 , lends support to this theory. Inside a sanctuary dedicated to the two Eleusinian Goddesses 22 , archaeologists discovered fragments of ergot both inside a ceremonial vase and in the dental calculus of a 25-year-old man, providing evidence of its consumption 23 , 24 . Ergot-infected barley is considered the most probable candidate among the hypothesized psychoactive ingredients in kykeon, as it aligns with the Hymn’ ingredients, plausible pharmacology and archeological findings. Ergot refers to the compactly interwoven hyphae of the fungus, from the French argot , meaning “claw” or “spur”, which reflects its morphology, biologically designated as a sclerotium , the fungus’s dormant winter stage, from the Greek σκληρός , meaning “hard” 25 . The herbal drug is called Secale cornutum and the comminuted sclerotia Pulvis parturiens referring to its use in obstetrics until the early 20th century 25 . However, one major concern regarding this hypothesis is ergot’s toxicity. Its effects are manifested as ergotism , a disease historically known as Saint Anthony’s Fire or ignis sacer , with epidemics of tragic dimensions during the Middle Ages, including the 1418 Paris outbreak that claimed 50,000 lives 26 . Symptoms can include hallucinations, severe burning sensations in the limbs, seizures, spasms, convulsions, vomiting, dry gangrene and consequent limb loss due to the intense vasoconstriction, caused by the unintentional consumption of toxic ergopeptides (Fig. 1 ) through contaminated grains and the foodstuffs made thereof 25 . This raises a critical and still-unanswered question: if ergot was indeed an active component of the kykeon, by what means did the ancient Eleusinian priestesses manage to harness its psychoactive potential while avoiding its devastating toxic effects? The answer to this lies in forgotten methods of preparation, precise dosing and the presence of synergistic or detoxifying agents; possibilities modern science has yet to explore. One suggestion, later proposed 27 and revisited in the appendix of the 30th anniversary edition of The Road to Eleusis 28 , is that the ancient Greeks may have used a simple alkaline preparation made with water and ashes to hydrolyze toxic ergopeptides, into simpler psychedelic lysergamides, such as LSA (Fig. 1 ) and its C-8 isomer, iso-LSA. Ancient Greeks knew alkali-based medicines 29 , lending plausibility to Eleusinian priestesses empirically developing such a method. The hydrolysis of isolated pure ergopeptides to yield LSA using alcoholic KOH and of LSA to lysergic acid using aqueous NaOH, is well documented 30 – 34 . However, the conversion of a peptidic EAs’ mixture of crude ergot sclerotia using a simple lye process, as proposed in the preceding hypothesis, has not been previously examined. This study examines kykeon in the context of naturalistic psychedelic ceremonial use, identifying ergot as the most likely entheogenic ingredient among the proposed candidates. To this end, acknowledging its toxicity and the lack of experimental data, the potential hydrolysis products of crude, pulverized ergot sclerotia were investigated, using a technique that could have been readily employed by Eleusinian priestesses. The method involved heating in lye, made with water and ashes, as a possible means of detoxification of ergot in kykeon into an entheogenic preparation. To explore and optimize the parameters of this reaction, a full factorial design was applied, allowing the identification of the most favorable conditions for complete hydrolysis through this ancient technique, using analytical tools such as NMR and UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS. Results Spectroscopic and spectrometric data of isolated LSA and iso-LSA Although LSA and iso-LSA have been known since the 1930s, literature still lacks comprehensive NMR data. Thus, they were isolated and recrystallized from Argyreia nervosa seeds. Their 1 H NMR data in CDCl 3 and DMSO-d 6 , together with 13 C NMR data in DMSO-d 6 are summarized in Table 1 . The 1 H– 1 H COSY and 1 H– 13 C HMBC correlations are presented in Fig. 2 . The 1D and 2D NMR spectra are presented in the Supplementary Fig. S1 to Fig. S22. Their ESI(+)-HRMS fragmentation spectra are shown in Fig. 3 and were consistent with the fragmentation patterns reported in the literature for EAs 35 . Table 1 1 H and 13 C NMR data (400 MHz) for LSA and iso-LSA. Chemical shifts ( δ , ppm) are referenced to residual solvents peaks. Abbreviations: br, broad (indicative of small unresolved couplings); s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; m, multiplet plus combinations, e.g. dd; doublet of doublets; ov, overlapped; J values (Hz) in parenthesis; numbering according to Fig. 1 . a in CDCl 3 ; b in DMSO-d 6 . Position LSA a δ H iso-LSA a δ H LSA b δ H iso-LSA b δ H LSA b δ C iso-LSA b δ C 1 7.91, s 8.18, s, 1H 10.67, s 10.70, s 2 6.93, t (1.9) 6.92, t (1.9) 7.02, t (1.8) 7.04, t (1.8) 119.2 119.2 3 108.9 109.0 4α 2.77, m, ov 2.66, m, ov 2.46, m, ov 2.53, m, ov 26.7 26.8 4β 3.40, m, ov 3.57, dd (14.6, 5.6) 3.45, dd (14.8, 5.5) 3.45, dd (14.6, 5.6) 5 3.56, m 3.17, m, ov 2.97, m 3.03, m 62.6 62.3 6 7α 3.10, dd (11.6, 4.6) 3.13, m, ov 3.04, dd (11, 5.1) 3.10, dd, (11.6, 2) 55.4 53.9 7β 2.79, m, ov 2.71, dd, ov, (12, 3.9) 2.47, m, ov 2.57, dd, ov, (11.7, 4.2) 8 3.38, m, ov 3.11, brs, ov 3.38, m 2.98, m 42.5 42.5 9 6.45, dd (4.3, 2) 6.60, brd (6.9) 6.39, brs 6.49, dd (5.6, 1.4) 120.0 119.3 10 127.4 127.7 11 135.1 135.9 12 7.16, m, ov 7.16, m, ov 7.06, m, ov 7.07, m, ov 111.1 111.1 13 7.22, m, ov 7.22, m, ov 7.17, m 7.19, m 109.7 109.8 14 7.17, m, ov 7.17, m, ov 7.06, m, ov 7.07, m, ov 122.3 122.3 15 133.8 133.8 16 125.8 126.0 NCH 3 -17 2.62, s 2.58, s 2.45, s 2.47, s 43.4 43.2 18 173.7 174.6 NH 2 -19 5.28, brs 6.82, brs 5.47, brs 8.03, brs 6.99, brs 7.46, brs 6.97, brs, 7.38, brs Micromorphological and molecular identification of ergot The field-collected strain’s conidial length and width measurements were consistent with the published ranges for Claviceps purpurea sensu lato 36 , 37 . Molecular analysis of the specimens’ rDNA-ITS region identified it as belonging to Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. Indicatively, images of the conidia’s micromorphological characters, images of the sclerotia, images of the inoculated sclerotia and the sequence of the ITS rDNA region of the specimen ATHUM 10382 are presented in the Supplementary Fig. S23 and Table S1 . Effect of atmospheric neutralization and ergot sclerotia on lye solution pH The primary lye solution had an initial pH of 12.5. Gradual neutralization by atmospheric CO 2 reduced its pH to 11.5 and 10.5 after 2 and 5 days, respectively. Adding ergot sclerotia powder further lowered the pH by approximately 2 units. Consequently, experiments were conducted by refluxing ergot sclerotia in lye solutions with final pH ranges of 7.2–8.6, 9.5–10.0, and 10.0–10.8, obtained by the addition of the different concentrations of ergot sclerotia powder to the initial lye solution of pH 10.5, 11.5 and 12.5 respectively. In controls with deionized water, pH dropped to 6.4, 6.2, and 5.8 after adding 5%, 10%, and 20% w/v ergot sclerotia powder, respectively. Qualitative analysis of EAs hydrolysis in putative kykeon preparations Primary monitoring by TLC, following visualization, revealed four main bands of indole alkaloids in the control samples, with R f values of 0.07 (intense purple), 0.33 (faint purple), 0.67 (purple), and 0.83 (faint purple). In contrast, the test samples of 5% w/v sclerotia powder refluxed in a lye solution of initial pH 12.5 and for all reaction times, displayed only one major band, with a R f value of 0.07 (intense purple) suggesting the degradation of less polar compounds to LSA and iso-LSA during treatment under these conditions. The 1 H NMR spectra of the control samples (Fig. 4 ) and the samples with an initial lye pH of 10.5 and 11.5 in CDCl₃ revealed several peaks at the low field chemical shift region at 9.0–10.0 ppm, corresponding to the proton of the amide linkage of the different ergopeptides connecting the lysergic acid structure and the tripeptide-based moiety (19-NH). A singlet at 7.9–8.1 ppm, assigned to the indole nitrogen proton (1-NH), aromatic overlapping multiplets at 7.1–7.6 ppm (H-12, -13, -14), overlapping singlets at 6.9 ppm corresponding to a proton at α-position to a pyrrolic nitrogen (H-2), overlapping vinylic signals at 6.38–6.43 ppm (H-9), and methyl singlets at 2.6–2.7 ppm (H-17) were consistent with the presence of the ergoline skeleton (Fig. 4 ). Ergokryptine (Ekr) and ergocristine (Ecr) were identified as the main ergopeptines in the control samples based on their NMR data available in the literature38, presented in the inset table of Fig. 4 . In contrast to the control samples, in the 5% w/v test samples of ergot refluxed in an initial lye solution of pH 12.5, across all reaction durations, the peaks downfield at 9.0–10.0 ppm corresponding to the amide protons of position 19 and the peaks within 7.0–7.6 ppm corresponding to the hydroxyls of the peptidic moiety of Ecr and Ekr (shown in Fig. 4 ), were absent, suggesting the cleavage of the peptidic bond between the lysergic acid structure and the tripeptide-based part (Fig. 5 ). Instead, two new singlets appeared at 6.8 and 8.0 ppm corresponding to one of the two 19-NH 2 protons of LSA and its C-8 isomer, iso-LSA, the other two being overlapped by other peaks in the extract within 5.3–5.5 ppm. Additionally, the characteristic peaks for the vinylic hydrogen of the D ring (H-9) of LSA at 6.46 ppm and iso-LSA at 6.60 ppm were detected in the absence of the Ecr and Ekr peaks. Finally, the 6-NMe proton singlets of Ekr and Ecr, originally at 2.67 and 2.66 ppm, were replaced by the LSA and iso-LSA 6-NMe singlets at 2.62 and 2.58 ppm, respectively, further confirming the complete hydrolysis of both Ekr and Ecr, yielding LSA and iso-LSA (Fig. 5 ). The UHPLC/QTOF-HRMS qualitative analysis confirmed the degradation of peptidic EAs and further indicated their hydrolysis to lysergamides, consistent with the NMR data. More specifically, out of the 36 test samples, in those prepared with 5% w/v ergot refluxed in an initial lye solution of pH 12.5 for 120 min, none of the predominant ergopeptides were detected, namely ergosine (Es), ergocornine (Eco), ergokryptine (Ekr), ergotamine (Et), and ergocristine (Ecr) neither their corresponding C-8 epimers, namely ergosinine (Esn), ergotaminine (Etn), ergokryptinine (Ekrn), ergocorninine (Econ) and ergocristinine (Ecrn). This suggests their complete degradation and hydrolyzation to LSA and iso-LSA, while the signals corresponding to ergometrine (Em) and ergometrinine (Emn) were observed (Fig. 6 , column B). In contrast, in the control (Fig. 6 , column A) and in all other test samples, all six predominant EAs, together with LSA and their related C-8, epimers were detected. Quantitation of LSA and iso-LSA in putative kykeon preparations After UHPLC/QTOF-HRMS quantitation of LSA and iso-LSA via standard addition calibration across the 48 experimental runs using varying reaction parameters, it was determined that LSA and iso-LSA can be produced at 0.54 mg g − 1 and 0.48 mg g − 1 of ergot used, respectively, while fully hydrolyzing the toxic ergopeptides, when refluxed for 120 min in an initial lye pH of 12.5 and at a concentration of 5% w/v ergot in lye. Higher levels of LSA and iso-LSA in mg g − 1 of ergot used were observed for reaction times of 15 to 60 min under the same conditions, and also when using a 10% w/v ergot concentration, and for all reaction durations under the same pH conditions (pH 12.5); however, toxic ergopeptides were still detectable in these extracts, indicating only partial hydrolysis. The highest LSA yield in mg g − 1 of ergot used was observed at an initial lye pH of 12.5 with 10% w/v ergot concentration after 60 min, reaching 0.81 mg g − 1 ; for iso-LSA a 1.12 mg g − 1 was observed at the same conditions after 30 min. In all other experiments conducted at initial lye pH values of 10.5 or 11.5, and across all reaction times and ergot concentrations tested, intermediate levels of LSA and iso-LSA were observed, while residual toxic ergopeptides were consistently detected. Regarding the maximum absolute amounts of LSA and iso-LSA produced per 10 mL aliquot, the highest observed yields were 1.15 mg of LSA obtained at 120 min, lye pH 12.5 and 20% w/v ergot concentration and 1.12 mg of iso-LSA, at 30 min, lye pH 12.5 and 10% w/v ergot concentration, yet residual ergopeptides were still detectable under these conditions as well. UHPLC/QTOF-HRMS quantitation results for LSA and iso-LSA together with dry extract yields and related calculations, are provided in the Supplementary Table S2. Modeling and evaluation of LSA and iso-LSA yield responses ANOVA revealed that all models were highly significant (p < 0.0001). Lye pH was the sole significant predictor (p < 0.0001), with its quadratic term also significant in second-order models. No interactions among independent variables were detected (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4). The summary of fit statistics for the model equations applied to LSA and iso-LSA showed strong agreement between predicted and observed values. All models except Eq. 2 yielded high coefficients of determination (R 2 ), indicating that most variability in the responses was explained by the fitted equations. Incorporating a squared term for the independent variable further increased explanatory power (Eq. 1: R 2 = 0.8300, Eq. 3: R 2 = 0.8217 for LSA; Eq. 1: R 2 = 0.7816, Eq. 3: R 2 = 0.7616 for iso-LSA). The adjusted coefficients of determination (R 2 adj) were similarly high and closely matched the R 2 values (Eq. 1: R 2 adj = 0.7898, Eq. 3: R 2 adj = 0.7956 for LSA; Eq. 1: R 2 adj = 0.7299, Eq. 3: R 2 adj = 0.7267 for iso-LSA), confirming model robustness while accounting for the number of predictors. In contrast, the Eq. 2 model produced the lowest coefficients (R 2 = 0.4964, R 2 adj = 0.4228 for LSA; R 2 = 0.4215, R 2 adj = 0.3369 for iso-LSA). The corresponding root mean square errors (RMSE) are reported in Supplementary Table S5. Overall, these findings indicate that models incorporating a squared term of the independent variable provide greater predictive accuracy for both analytes. The simplest statistically significant equations (p < 0.0001) for LSA and iso-LSA were those using pH as the independent variable in first- and second-order forms (R 2 = 0.7824, R 2 adj = 0.7726, RMSE = 0.2674 for LSA; R 2 = 0.7390, R 2 adj = 0.7274, RMSE = 0.1457 for iso-LSA). Indicative three-dimensional response surface plots are shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 . Discussion NMR and UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS analysis of 48 experiments employing varying reaction parameters indicated that LSA and iso-LSA can be generated through complete degradation of toxic ergopeptides using simple lye treatment at 5% w/v ergot sclerotia in an initial pH 12.5 lye solution for at least 120 min. The proposed mechanism for the hydrolysis and chemical transformation of ergopeptines Erk and Erc into LSA and iso-LSA is presented in the Supplementary Fig. S25. In recent years, the debate over the use of entheogens in the Eleusinian Mysteries has remained active, with scholars split between enthusiastic proponents and uncompromising skeptics 6 . Among the former, another proposal suggests that an acidic barley-water mixture may convert toxic EAs into iso-LSH, the C-8 isomer of LSH (Fig. 1 ), with a subsequent alcohol extraction recovering these compounds 10 . However, alcohol is not part of the kykeon, LSH and iso-LSH are extremely unstable, thus readily degrading into acetaldehyde and the corresponding amides, merely serving as prodrugs of LSA and iso-LSA. Regarding the latter group, many classicists remain skeptical of the “psychedelic Eleusis” hypothesis, not by presenting new disproof, but by warning against reliance on speculative evidence and noting the absence of ergot residues in Eleusinian vessels 11 . This absence, however, is not decisive, since no systematic research has ever been conducted or since permission for such has never been granted. Concrete findings however do exist elsewhere (see the ergot finding from Mas Castellar 23 , 24 ), which are left unmentioned, even though they lend empirical weight to the hypothesis, demonstrating that ergot was, in fact, connected with the worship of the Eleusinian Goddesses. Many critics also frame a false dilemma: ergot equals ergotism 11 . Yet the history of medicine shows otherwise; crude ergot was used in obstetrics for centuries, and innumerous isolated and semi-synthesized EAs were and are still in use in clinical practice 25 . The key is dose and processing, as demonstrated in this study, not inevitability of poisoning. Regarding the psychoactivity of LSA and iso-LSA, it is well documented in both ethnobotanical 39 – 41 and pharmacological literature 42 – 46 , being also the main active compounds in ololiuqui (“round things”), an entheogenic preparation of Ipomoea corymbosa seeds used by the Aztecs 41 . Although pure LSA shows lower receptor binding affinities than LSD in vitro 42 , in a recent review, it was demonstrated that among its reported effects are euphoria and hallucinations 43 . Consistently, in a β-arrestin2 recruitment assay, LSA exhibited approximately 100-fold lower potency than LSD at both the 5-HT 2 A and 5-HT 2 B receptors, while remaining notably active, with EC 50 values of 58 nM and 54 nM, respectively 44 . Regarding iso-LSA, it has demonstrated measurable affinity for central 5-HT binding, as reported in early QSAR studies 45 . Notably, it displaced both 3 Hserotonin and 3 HLSD from rat cerebral cortex membranes with pIC50 values of 7.00 and 6.70, respectively and exhibits a log P of 0.95, consistent with moderate lipophilicity and potential for blood-brain barrier permeability 45 . In vivo studies further support its central activity, as iso-LSA administered intraperitoneally to rats reached measurable concentrations in the brain correlating with behavioral effects such as decreased conditioned avoidance response, indicating that the parent compound, rather than a metabolite, acts as the psychoactive agent 46 . Therefore, despite its isomeric difference from LSA, iso-LSA (being the C-8 ( S ) isomer, which are usually considered inactive 47 ) may retain central serotonergic activity relevant to psychedelic potential. Additionally, the result of each of the kykeon preparations was an equilibrium mixture of LSA and iso-LSA, and which may be more psychoactive than either pure alkaloid alone 28 . Another key factor is that “set and setting” predominantly shape the experience, the substances merely acting as tools 2 . In an ancient ritual framework, marked by botanical synergism, fasting, and heightened expectancy, their psychedelic potential would have been amplified. At Eleusis, optimal ceremonial conditions gave these entheogens a meaningful role, showing that their effects must be understood within a religious context, rather than purely pharmacological terms. One concern regarding the lye hypothesis for the detoxification of the peptidic EAs in the kykeon is the potability of the resulting preparation; a solution with a pH > 11.5 is highly caustic for oral consumption and can injure esophageal epithelium 48 . However, it was demonstrated that an initial highly basic pH value can be neutralized by exposure to atmospheric CO 2 and sclerotia addition, while maintaining reaction performance. The addition of the resulting solution to the barley-mint preparation, typically slightly acidic, would further neutralize the pH, rendering kykeon safe to drink. With regard to origin, neither the geographic source nor the precise ergopeptides composition of C. purpurea sclerotia is decisive. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses indicate that ergopeptide biosynthesis emerged in the C. purpurea lineage after the genus diversified in the Paleocene-Eocene (~ 56–34 Mya), through recruitment of lpsA/lpsB nonribosomal peptide synthetases into the ancestral EA core pathway48–50. This evolutionary timeframe addresses Hofmann’s concern (“ We have no way to tell what the chemistry was of the ergot of barley or wheat raised on the Rarian plain in the 2nd millennium B.C. ”) 8 . Considering the cosmopolitan distribution of C. purpurea (following Pooideae) 36 and the evolutionary scale, two millennia represent a negligible interval; thus, the ergot infecting ancient Eleusinian barley likely contained the same major ergopeptide classes as modern strains. Even if minor compositional differences had existed, all ergopeptides ultimately hydrolyze into the same lysergamides, accompanied only by harmless amino acid by-products (Supplementary Fig. S25). Another fact to note is that the Claviceps paspali theory has been dismissed, as its host plants are non-native to Europe and only became naturalized in the 19th century 52 , excluding their presence in ancient Greece. Regarding the sourcing of ergot by the priestesses, one potential conduit lay in the cultic grain offerings. Every city-state contributed cereals to Eleusis, a practice rooted in a famine-era decree from the Delphic oracle 3 . Under Athens, the Mysteries became Panhellenic, with heralds summoning poleis required to dedicate first harvest of barley before public use 3 . These offerings to Demeter could have introduced ergot-contaminated grains into the sanctuary, if not collected directly by the priestesses from the Rarian field. The fertile Thriasian plain, Eleusis’ granary, with its heavy soils and marshy patches 53 , offered suitable microhabitats for C. purpurea . Paleoenvironmental and hydrogeological data from Elefsis Bay 54 and across the Attica peninsula indicate stable Mediterranean conditions (dry summers, humid winters) 55 with locally waterlogged areas in Classical antiquity 53 . Although such conditions would have limited the extent of infection and precluded epidemic ergotism of the kind seen in medieval Northern Europe, localized contamination could nonetheless have sufficed to supply the small but controlled quantities required for ritual use within the sanctuary. Regarding the quantities of ergot required, considering that the average content of EAs in sclerotia of C. purpurea sensu lato is a few milligrams per gram (typically ranging from 0.01–1.3 mg g − 1 to 2.88–7.26 mg g − 1 ) 56 , that the minimum effective dose of pure LSA is approximately 0.5 mg 40 , and that up to two thousand participants could have attended the Eleusinian initiations simultaneously 3 , the priestesses of the temple would likely have required few kilograms of sclerotia, along with twenty times that amount in freshly prepared lye solution. These quantities could have been readily obtained and processed within the secrecy of the temple. Since our results showed that 0.54 and 0.48 mg g − 1 of ergot yield LSA and iso-LSA, respectively, under optimal conditions (5% w/v ergot in lye, pH 12.5, 120 min at 100 o C), about 1 g of ergot would suffice for each initiate. The required amount might have been even less, given the nine-day fasting period observed by the initiates before the consumption of the kykeon and the entheogenic intensification in a ritual setting, as mentioned above. Finally, focusing on elements of the kykeon mixture other than the hypothesized ergot and beyond what was outlined in the introduction, a potential synergistic role of pennyroyal’s constituents is proposed. The pennyroyal essential oil’s principal monoterpene, ( R )-(+)-pulegone, is known to interact with CNS pathways involved in nociception, sedation, psychotropic activity, and analgesia 57 , 58 . Additionally, its aqueous extract, rich in rosmarinic acid, modulates MAO-A, suggesting nootropic and mood-stabilizing effects 59 . Therefore, it is proposed that these secondary metabolites may contribute to a psychostimulant-synergistic “entourage effect” with LSA and iso-LSA, analogous to the terpenes–THC synergy in cannabis 60 and the DMT–β-carbolines in ayahuasca 61 , possibly reducing anxiety and prolonging the entheogenic effects. This hypothesis remains to be validated through targeted co-administration studies. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that toxic ergopeptides can be chemically transformed into psychoactive substances through an ancient process involving reaction in lye, a technique that could have been employed by the ceremonial priestesses of Eleusis. These results support the hypothesis that the entheogenic properties of kykeon could be attributed to the use of ergot, as suggested by R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann and Carl A. P. Ruck almost half a century ago. It should be noted that the purpose of this work was not to establish a novel analytical method for the quantitation of LSA and iso-LSA, nor to optimize the hydrolysis reaction conditions through response surface methodology, nor to re-evaluate the pharmacological properties of EAs, LSA and iso-LSA, which are already well documented. Rather, the focus of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of this transformation in the specific historical-technological context under investigation, which has been successfully achieved. Looking forward, it is anticipated that future archaeological discoveries from the site of Eleusis may provide further material evidence to substantiate and enrich the “psychedelic Eleusis” hypothesis. Methods Source, micromorphological and molecular identification of ergot Small quantities of identified ergot sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. were generously provided by the herbarium collection of the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (October 2024), and by the Culture Collection of Clavicipitaceae of the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (January 2025). Additionally, for the purposes of our experiments, larger quantities of ergot sclerotia were either collected directly from the field or obtained from the waste fraction at a grain elevator cleaning facility in Alberta, Canada (September 2024). All sclerotia were kept at room temperature (20–25°C) in a dry, dark environment until analysis. To identify the field-collected sclerotia, the following procedure was employed. The sclerotia were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 10 s followed by 1 min in 10% bleach and rinsed several times with sterile distilled water. After air drying on sterile gauzes in an Airstream Class II biohazard safety cabinet (ESCO Micro Pte. Ltd., Singapore), the sclerotia were aseptically cut into 5 mm pieces and plated by three-point inoculation on PDA (39 g/L of distilled water, Becton, Dickinson & Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) in pre-sterile polystyrene Petri plates, 92 mm in diameter and 16 mm high with ventilation cams (Sarstedt AG & Co. KG, Nümbrecht, Germany). The plates were incubated at 23°C for 14 days in darkness in a FTC90E refrigerated incubator (Velp Scientifica Srl., Milano, Italy). The culture isolates obtained from the sclerotia (strain ATHUM 10382) are safeguarded at the Fungal Culture Collection of the Mycetotheca ATHUM (NKUA). For the micromorphological characterization of the strain, sterile distilled water was poured over the surface of the colonized PDA to create a conidial suspension, which was then used to prepare a microscope slide. Images of the conidia at 400× magnification were captured using Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) optics on an Axio Imager.A1 microscope equipped with an AxioCam MRc camera (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH., Jena, Germany). Genomic DNA was isolated from 100 mg of fungal tissue using the HigherPurity Plant DNA Purification Kit (Canvax Biotech, Spain), following the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA integrity was evaluated via 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis, while purity and concentration were assessed using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and a Qubit fluorometer, respectively. Amplification of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was performed using the ITS1 (5′-GTCCCTGCCCTTTGTA-3′) and ITS2 (5′-CCTGGTGGTTTCTTTTCC-3′). The reaction conditions followed a previously published protocol 62 . Preparation of wood ash derived lye solutions In order to obtain the lye solution, mixed oak and olive tree dry wood chips (proportions of approximately 0.55 kg), supplied from a local lumberyard in Athens, were incinerated at 600 o C in a NABER model L 51/S ashing furnace (Nabertherm GmbH., Lilienthal, Germany) under a fume hood for three h to produce wood ash (approximately 15 g per 0.55 kg of starting material). The lye solution was prepared by boiling one part of wood ash into two parts of distilled water in a glass beaker for ten min on a MSH-20D magnetic stirrer with hotplate (Witeg Labortechnik GmbH., Wertheim, German), distilled water added to compensate for water loss and then allowed to sit overnight. After the settling period, the supernatant was decanted and filtered with filter paper via a Büchner funnel. The filtrate was collected, being the primary lye solution and its pH value was measured at 12.5. The whole process was repeated to prepare additional solutions as needed. Lye solutions with pH values of 10.5 and 11.5 were prepared by exposing aliquots of the primary lye solution in glass beakers to atmospheric air for controlled durations (2 and 5 days respectively). Distilled water was added as needed to compensate for evaporation losses. Design and analysis of alkaline hydrolysis experiments To optimize the hydrolysis conditions of the EAs, a full factorial design with varying levels was employed. Three quantitative variables were selected: lye pH (10.5, 11.5, 12.5), ergot powder concentration in the lye (5%, 10%, 20% w/v), and reaction time (15, 30, 60, 120 min). Towards this end, ergot sclerotia of the field-collected stain were pulverized using a mortar and pestle. The resulting powder was then boiled under reflux in the lye solutions and in distilled water (neutral pH), the latter serving as control samples. This design comprised a total of 48 experimental runs. For each experiment, a 45 mL sample for each concentration of pulverized ergot powder in the respective lye solution or in the distilled water was prepared in a 100 mL flask and heated in the stirring oil bath at 100°C and 200 rpm under reflux on the magnetic stirrer’s hotplate. For each treatment, 10 mL aliquots were collected at the defined intervals, measured from the onset of boiling. Each aliquot was then put aside to reach room temperature, its pH was measured and made basic to pH 9.5, if lower, with the addition of sodium bicarbonate (ReagentPlus, ≥ 99.5% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and was exhaustively extracted trice with 30 mL of ethyl acetate and trice with 30 mL of chloroform (both Analytical reagent grade, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The combined organic phases for each extract were collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), evaporated under reduced pressure via a R210 rotavapor equipped with a V700 vacuum pump (BÜCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) at 35°C, weighed, and stored at − 20°C under a nitrogen atmosphere until analysis. Isolation of LSA and iso-LSA from Argyreia nervosa seeds Due to the lack of comprehensive NMR data for LSA and iso-LSA in the scientific literature, the substances were isolated following a series of acid-base extractions and crystallizations from Argyreia nervosa seeds (supplied by Ethos Herbals, Athens, Greece), which like ololiuqui contain these metabolites but at higher concentrations, exhibiting the highest indole alkaloid content (0.5–0.9%) reported among Convolvulaceae species 63 . For this purpose, a crude alkaloid extract was prepared from 10 g of seeds. The seeds were initially pulverized with a mortar and pestle and defatted with 200 mL of petroleum ether (boiling point 40–60°C, Certified ACS grade, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) in a round-bottom flask heated in the oil bath set at 35°C and 200 rpm under reflux on the magnetic stirrer’s hotplate for 30 min, transferred in 50 mL falcon tubes, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 min in a Frontier 5816 centrifuge (OHAUS Corporation, Parsippany, NJ, USA), the supernatants discarded, the pellets dried in a fume hood, transferred into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and wetted with 50 mL of 10% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Then 100 mL of diethyl ether (Emplura series, Merk KGaA., Gernsheim, Germany) were added, and the mixture was shaken at 200 rpm on a STUART SSL1 orbital shaker (Cole-Parmer Instrument Company LLC, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) for 30 min. The ether layer was collected by decantation, and the residue was extracted twice more, each time with 100 mL of diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were extracted with 3 × 100 mL of 0.1 N aqueous H 2 SO 4 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The acidic aqueous phase was collected, adjusted to pH 10 with 25% aqueous ammonia solution (Emsure series, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), and extracted with 3 × 100 mL of chloroform. The combined organic phases were collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated under reduced pressure via the rotavapor at 35°C. The compounds were subsequently crystallized according to the scheme detailed in a previously published protocol 63 , were recrystallized from methanol, and stored at − 20°C under a nitrogen atmosphere until analysis. Their 1 H NMR spectra in DMSO-d 6 were compared with those provided in the CoAs of reference standard materials (methylergometrine EP impurity C, catalog #M-130008, 1 H NMR in DMSO-d 6 spectrum number 6139-006A8 and methylergometrine EP impurity E, catalog #M-130010, 1 H NMR in DMSO-d 6 spectrum number 6139-006A7, for LSA and iso-LSA respectively, TLC Pharmaceutical Standards Ltd., Newmarket, ON, Canada). Thin Layer Chromatography screening Samples of the kykeon’s extracts were primarily monitored with TLC with a chloroform/methanol (95:5 v/v) system (both Analytical reagent grade, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) on 60 F254 silica gel 200 µm thickness aluminum sheets (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), observed under UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm and visualized with Ehrlich's reagent (1 g of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB, 98% purity, Merck KGaA (Sigma-Aldrich), Darmstadt, Germany) in 50 mL of ethanol and 50 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (aqueous HCl 37%, Emsure series, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany)). Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy NMR spectra of isolated LSA and iso-LSA were recorded in chloroform-d (CDCl 3 , 99.8% atom D, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and dimethyl sulfoxide-d 6 (DMSO-d 6 , (CD 3 ) 3 SO, 99.5% atom D, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Samples of the dry kykeon’s extracts were redissolved in CDCl 3 and monitored with 1 H-NMR. All NMR experiments were performed at 298 K on a Bruker AVANCE III 400 MHz instrument (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) equipped with a BBI 5 mm probe. The NMR chemical shifts are given on the δ scale in ppm taking as reference the residual solvent peaks at δ 7.26 for CDCl 3 and δ 2.50 for DMSO-d 6 , while integration, multiplicity, and coupling constants ( J in Hz) are reported along with the signals. Sample preparation for UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS For UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS quantitation of LSA and iso-LSA, standard addition calibrations were performed, while the major EAs (ergometrine (Em), ergosine (Es), ergocornine (Eco), ergokryptine (Ekr), ergotamine (Et), and ergocristine (Ecr)) and their C-8 epimers (ergometrinine (Emn), ergosinine (Esn), ergotaminine (Etn), ergokryptinine (Ekrn), ergocorninine (Econ) and ergocristinine (Ecrn)), were qualitatively identified in the samples by comparison of retention times and mass spectra with those of reference standards. A mixed solution (0.1 µg mL - 1 each in acetonitrile) was prepared as described in a previously published protocol 64 . LSA and iso-LSA standards were purchased from TLC Pharmaceutical Standards Ltd. (Newmarket, ON, Canada), fine film dried standards of Em, Emn, Et and Etn were purchased from Romer Labs (Getzersdorf, Austria), while the remaining standards (Es, Esn, Eco, Econ, Ekr and Ekrn) were obtained from Techno Spec (Barcelona, Spain). Samples of the dry kykeon extracts were redissolved in water/methanol (5:95 v/v), both LC-MS grade (water from Merck KGaA (Sigma-Aldrich), Darmstadt, Germany; methanol from Avantor (VWR International), Radnor, PA, USA), at a concentration of 40 µg mL - 1 of dry extract in the water/methanol mixture for controls and samples in lye at pH 10.5, and at a concentration of 20 µg mL - 1 of dry extract in the water/methanol mixture for samples in lye at pH 11.5 and 12.5. Each sample set included a non-fortified sample and four fortified samples at concentration levels of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ng mL - 1 for each analyte, to compensate for matrix effects and establish the standard addition calibration curves. All samples were processed in duplicate and filtered using PTFE syringe filters (0.22 µm, 13 mm; Clarify, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) prior to injection. The peak areas were plotted as a function of the added concentrations of each analyte. Chromatographic conditions Chromatographic analysis was carried out based on a previously in-house developed method for EAs analysis 64 , implemented on an Agilent 1290 Infinity II system, composed of a Multicolumn Thermostat (G7116B), Vialsampler (G7129B), Flexible Pump (G7104A), and an Agilent 1200 Series Micro Degasser (G1379B), (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) interfaced to the MS. The column used for the analysis was a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 Rapid Resolution HD 50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), thermostated at 35°C, the mobile phase flow rate was set at 0.4 mL min - 1 and the injection volume at 5 µL. Mobile phase consisted of water (solvent A) and MeOH (solvent B) both acidified with 0.3% v/v of formic acid (Formic acid ≥ 99%, HiPerSolv for LC-MS, VWR Chemicals, Radnor, PA, USA). The gradient was conducted as follows: 0 min, 5% B; 4.7 min, 5% B; 6.5 min, 41.5% B; 9 min, 44.5% B; 10 min, 95%; 11 min, 95% B; 12 min, 5% B. The gradient was set at 5% B for the last 3 min to re-equilibrate the column before the next injection, accounting for a total run time of 15 min. In order to minimize epimerization, the vial sampler was thermostated at 10°C during analysis, while the injection sample sequence was limited to 12 h. Moreover, control standard solutions (mixed solution, 0.05 µg mL - 1 of each analyte in water/methanol (5:95 v/v)) were injected at the beginning, middle, and end of each analysis sequence. A retention time window of ± 0.2 min was applied for compound identification. Mass spectrometry conditions The mass spectrometer coupled with the UHPLC system was an Agilent 6550 iFunnel Q-TOF, equipped with a Dual AJS Electrospray Ionization (ESI) source (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), and operated in positive ionization mode [ESI(+)]. Non-fortified and fortified samples were analyzed using the All-Ions fragmentation acquisition mode. High-resolution accurate mass data were acquired with a QTOF HRMS method consisting of two sequential experiments at alternating collision energies: one full scan at 0 V, followed by one All-Ions fragmentation scan at 30 V. The low-energy spectra (0 V) were used to obtain precursor ions, while the high-energy spectra (30 V) were used primarily to obtain fragment ions. The parameters of the Dual AJS ESI source were as follows: nebulizer gas (N 2 ) pressure was set to 35 psig, whereas the drying gas (N 2 ) flow rate was set to 15 L min - 1 at 160°C, and the sheath gas flow rate was established at 10 L min - 1 at 260°C. The capillary, nozzle, fragmentor and 1 RF Vpp octopole voltages were set at 3500, 600, 300 and 750 V, respectively. The instrument was calibrated and tuned according to procedures recommended by the manufacturer. HRMS and fragmentation data were stored in positive polarity using centroid mode at a scan rate of 10 spectra/s. Accurate mass spectra were acquired in the MS range 50–1000 m/z . To ensure the desired mass accuracy of recorded ions, continuous internal calibration was performed during analyses by using as reference mass the signals at 121.0509 m/z (protonated purine) and 922.0098 m/z (protonated hexakis(1H, 1H, 3H-tetrafluoropropoxy)phosphazine; HP-0921) in the positive ionization mode (API-TOF Reference Mass Solution Kit, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The reference nebulizer pressure for the internal calibrant was set to 0 psig. A mass error tolerance of ± 10 ppm was applied for compound identification. Data analysis The NMR spectra were processed using TopSpin (version 4.4.1, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany) and Mnova (version 15.1, Mestrelab Research S.L., Santiago de Compostela, Spain) software. Precursor mass calculations and data processing for the UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS spectra and chromatograms were performed using Agilent MassHunter Workstation Software (version 10.0, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The chemical structures and figures were designed using ChemDraw software (version 23.1.1, Revvity Signals Software, Waltham, MA, USA) Design of experiments, data processing, and evaluation of the effects of the three quantitative independent variables, i.e. lye pH (X1), ergot powder concentration in the lye in % w/v (X2), and reaction time in minutes (X3), on the production of the response variables, i.e. LSA and iso-LSA per mg g - 1 of ergot used, were analyzed and plotted by JMP Pro software (version 17.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed at a significance level p ≤ 0.01 to evaluate the significance of individual process factors and their interactions on the basis of their F-and p-values. The experimental data were first fitted in accordance to Eq. (1) as a second-order polynomial equation including the linear and interaction effects of each variable: Declarations Author contributions statement R.K.A. and E.D. conceived and designed the study and wrote the original draft; R.K.A. isolated the fungal strain, conducted the experiments, and performed the NMR and LC-MS analyses; K.I. carried out data curation; A.C. conceptualization, NMR experiments, and data interpretation; V.M. managed the project and funding acquisition; A.M.G-C., L.G-G., M.H-M., and A.N. provided resources, supervised analytical work, and supported LC-MS analysis; M.A.H. and C.A.P.R. contributed to conceptual discussions and manuscript revision; Z.G-Z. carried out the mycological analyses and provided resources; N.A. conceptualization; P.M. supervised the project and provided resources. All authors revised the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests Funding No external funding was received for this work. Author Contribution R.K.A. and E.D. conceived and designed the study and wrote the original draft; R.K.A. isolated the fungal strain, conducted the experiments, and performed the NMR and LC-MS analyses; K.I. carried out data curation; A.C. conceptualization, NMR experiments, and data interpretation; V.M. managed the project and funding acquisition; A.M.G-C., L.G-G., M.H-M., and A.N. provided resources, supervised analytical work, and supported LC-MS analysis; M.A.H. and C.A.P.R. contributed to conceptual discussions and manuscript revision; Z.G-Z. carried out the mycological analyses and provided resources; N.A. conceptualization; P.M. supervised the project and provided resources. All authors revised the manuscript. Acknowledgement The authors sincerely thank Professor Anastasia L. Lagopodi (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) and Professor Miroslav Kolařík (Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague) for providing ergot sclerotia and for their insightful discussions. They also acknowledge Dr. Vassili N. Kouvelis and his team at the Department of Biology, NKUA, especially Alexandra M. Kortsinoglou and Anastasia C. Christinaki, for their assistance with the molecular analysis of the unidentified C. purpurea strain. Data Availability All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. References Nichols, D. E. & Psychedelics Pharmacol. Rev. 68 , 264–355 ; https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.011478 (2016). Hartogsohn, I. Constructing drug effects: A history of set and setting. Drug Sci. Policy Law . 3 , 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050324516683325 (2017). Mylonas, G. E. Eleusis and the Eleusinian Mysteries (Princeton University Press, 1961). Kerényi, C. Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter (Princeton University Press, 1991). Foley, H. P. The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation, Commentary, and Interpretive Essays (Princeton University Press, 1994). Bizzotto, J. 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Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files KykeonSupplementaryPscychedelicsCollectionFinal.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 20 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 31 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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08:58:37","extension":"xml","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":187027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"03296d4ad9e746cea17bb81e78a1f1301structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/9e50a463d912bddc376078c5.xml"},{"id":95279766,"identity":"bd8b255e-16bd-4cd8-910a-ed8cf460ce8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 08:58:37","extension":"html","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":202323,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/e1a888becdd33f662e6da07a.html"},{"id":95279737,"identity":"140e3d90-f77b-481b-a9ae-cc51f34386b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 08:58:36","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1105432,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe four biosynthetic classes of EAs, LSD, and related endogenous neurotransmitters.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eTop left: the core structure of the tetracyclic ergoline ring system. Lower left: superimposition of the endogenous mammalian neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline onto the general ergoline alkaloid structure. Upper right: the clavine-type EAs. Middle: lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), one of the most potent semisynthetic psychedelic drugs, and simple lysergic acid derivatives (lysergamides; ergoamides). Bottom center: ergopeptines. Bottom right: ergopeptames. For detailed descriptions on EAs structures and stereochemistry, see Supplementary Note 1. \u003cem\u003eThe C-8 stereoisomers are not depicted here for the sake of brevity\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/5cf6359008f2d9b8a5afec9a.png"},{"id":95279736,"identity":"36d62e0c-7207-4cde-90fe-7a025c620526","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 08:58:36","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":129997,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKey \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH–\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH COSY (bold lines) and \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH–\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC HMBC (blue arrows) correlations observed for LSA (a) and iso-LSA (b).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/d18aae0b041ac9fcc0f28776.png"},{"id":95279738,"identity":"51c79797-9718-4409-a374-9ab807efdb00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 08:58:36","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":291272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eESI(+)-HRMS fragmentation spectra of LSA and iso-LSA ([M+H]\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, exact \u003cem\u003em/z\u003c/em\u003e 268.1444), showing the proposed major fragment ions. Spectra were obtained by infusion of 0.04 µg mL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e solutions of each analyte in acetonitrile at 0.4 mL min\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e into the Agilent 6550 iFunnel Q-TOF Dual AJS ESI mass spectrometer. ♦=\u003cem\u003em/z\u003c/em\u003e observed for the [M+H]\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/69045d1b33f6aed33f5ba04b.png"},{"id":95279739,"identity":"1ed216c9-4f41-414d-aa43-82b188e4f746","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 08:58:36","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1453323,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAnalysis by ¹H NMR spectroscopy of 5 % w/v control sample of ergot refluxed in distilled water for 15 min.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eInset (a): low-field region (above 5ppm) of the amide protons (19-NH), indole nitrogen protons (1-NH), aromatic protons (H-12,-13,-14), α-position to the pyrrolic nitrogen protons (H-2), vinylic peaks (H-9) and hydroxyl protons (OH-12′) of ergocristine (Ecr) and ergokriptine (Ekr). Inset (b): enlargement of the characteristic peaks of vinylic protons position 9 of Ecr and Ekr. Inset (c): enlargement of high-field signals for N-methyl protons (6-NMe position 17) of Ecr and Ekr. Inset table (d): NMR assignments for low field region and rings C and D for Ecr and Ekr in CDCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e according to literature\u003ca href=\"#r38\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/813da08040c77c91f8b7a99f.png"},{"id":95313792,"identity":"0f321884-37aa-43b7-85ad-7fa3e0614075","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 15:52:01","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1387042,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAnalysis by ¹H NMR spectroscopy of 5 % w/v test samples of ergot refluxed in an initial lye solution of pH 12.5 for 15 min.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eInset (a): low-field region (above 5ppm) of the amide protons (19-NH), indole nitrogen protons (1-NH), aromatic protons (H-12,-13,-14), α-position to the pyrrolic nitrogen protons (H-2) and vinylic peaks (H-9) οf LSA and iso-LSA. Inset (b): enlargement of the characteristic peaks of vinylic protons position 9 of LSA and iso-LSA. Inset (c): enlargement of high-field signals for N-methyl protons (6-NMe position 17) of LSA and iso-LSA. Inset table (d): NMR assignments for low field region and rings C and D for LSA and iso-LSA in CDCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e according to Table \u003ca href=\"#t1\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e. Notice the absence of the characteristic peaks for both ergocristine (Ecr) and ergokriptine (Ekr), when compared to the control samples in Fig. \u003ca href=\"#f3\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/4ba7fc81a19179af4be25fe2.png"},{"id":95279740,"identity":"5136e3ef-aa90-4eb8-ba14-8a8ec1061132","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 08:58:36","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2274006,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eQualitative MS results. Column A: total ion chromatogram (TIC) and extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) of the control sample prepared with 5 % w/v ergot refluxed in distilled water for 120 min; all predominant EAs, together with LSA and their C-8 epimers are detected. Column B: TIC and EICs of the test sample prepared with 5 % w/v ergot refluxed in an initial lye solution of pH 12.5 for 120 min; LSA and iso-LSA, the main hydrolysis products, are detected together with small amounts of Em and Emn, while the predominant ergopeptides Es, Eco, Ekr, Et and Ecr and, together with their corresponding C-8 epimers Esn, Econ, Ekrn, Etn, and Ecrn are absent. Chromatographic conditions as described in Section 2.8. TIC and EICs of reference standards are presented in the Supplementary Fig. S24.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/5f51320ce2dbcf8865e24480.jpeg"},{"id":95314044,"identity":"e1ffb23e-28d4-417e-bb6e-4c4d9ac2707a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 15:52:25","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":796474,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSurface plot based on the model equations applied for LSA and iso-LSA yield (mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of ergot used) in the different “kykeon” preparations at reaction time T = 60 min.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/17b3752fa1d1fff8f0c05255.jpeg"},{"id":95313473,"identity":"c31d02c3-7c9c-4558-8b79-dc28af83729d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 15:51:29","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1061465,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSurface plot based on the model equations applied for LSA and iso-LSA yield (mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of ergot used) in the different “kykeon” preparations at ergot concentration in lye w/v = 10 %\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/69a2dec08234f9cb9c9a18dc.png"},{"id":102785593,"identity":"1c9c78ae-b2c2-41ae-9ab0-cd30be25a6f6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-16 16:08:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":11250442,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/5131498f-80b5-44b3-b241-a3eebb0c0b4e.pdf"},{"id":95279747,"identity":"fd727061-84a0-4563-9246-3fe13496685f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-06 08:58:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":2819802,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"KykeonSupplementaryPscychedelicsCollectionFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8000194/v1/6dc6938f593761ba1954b478.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Investigating the psychedelic hypothesis of kykeon, the sacred elixir of the Eleusinian Mysteries","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003ePsychedelics, a diverse class of psychoactive substances, intertwined with human spirituality since prehistory, are re-emerging as tools for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and exploring consciousness\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. While contemporary studies rapidly expand their clinical perspectives\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, ritual use of psychedelic preparations provides valuable insights into the cultural frameworks shaping their effects\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Situating modern psychedelic research within this broader historical continuum can enrich current therapeutic approaches by acknowledging the interplay between substance and setting while drawing on ancestral ethnopharmacological knowledge\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In this context, the hypothesis of the psychedelic ceremonial use of \u003cem\u003ekykeon\u003c/em\u003e, the sacred elixir marking the climax of the Eleusinian Mysteries\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, is revisited.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese rites, known in antiquity as \u003cem\u003eΜυστήρια τὰ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι\u003c/em\u003e, were annual autumnal agrarian religious festivals culminating in the initiation hall (\u003cem\u003eΤελεστήριον\u003c/em\u003e) of Eleusis (\u003cem\u003eἘλευσίς\u003c/em\u003e, modern Elefsina), 20 km west of Athens via the Holy Way (\u003cem\u003eἹερὰ Ὁδός\u003c/em\u003e)\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e. Conducted for nearly two millennia, they attracted people throughout the Mediterranean, constituting the most important esoteric tradition of Classical antiquity\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Rich in symbolism, tied to the life-death-rebirth cycle, they exerted lasting influence on Western tradition\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Through initiation into collective experience, they transcended divisions of gender, class, and ethnicity, conveying a universal message\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Pausanias praised them as one of Greece\u0026rsquo;s greatest wonders, alongside the Olympic Games, both safeguarded by the providence of the Gods\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mythological basis of the cult lies in a narrative rooted in the 4th millennium, first recorded around the 7th century BCΕ\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, in an anonymous epic known as \u003cem\u003eThe Homeric Hymn to Demeter\u003c/em\u003e, part of the Panhellenic hymn tradition\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. At its core unfolds the story of \u003cem\u003ePersephone\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rsquo;s (or \u003cem\u003eΚόρη\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;\u003c/em\u003edaughter/maiden\u0026rdquo;) abduction by \u003cem\u003ePluto\u003c/em\u003e (or \u003cem\u003eHades\u003c/em\u003e, God of the underworld) and her mother \u003cem\u003eDemeter\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rsquo;s (Goddess of nature, harvest, agriculture, and fertility) search for her in Eleusis\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These deities were later assimilated into the Roman pantheon through religious syncretism, becoming \u003cem\u003eProserpina\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDis Pater\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eCeres\u003c/em\u003e, a tradition that endured until its suppression by rising Christianity in the 4th century CE\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCentral to the experience was the potation of kykeon (\u003cem\u003eκῠκεών\u003c/em\u003e from the verb \u003cem\u003eκῠκάω\u003c/em\u003e \u0026ldquo;to mix\u0026rdquo;), a ceremonial drink whose composition and use remain a topic of debate\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Many scholars view its drinking as a sacramental act of communion\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e, others argue that it served as a vehicle for an entheogen\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, suggesting cognateness with the \u003cem\u003esoma\u003c/em\u003e ritual\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, while some dispute the \u0026ldquo;psychedelic Eleusis\u0026rdquo; hypothesis\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. \u0026ldquo;Entheogen\u0026rdquo; (from \u003cem\u003eἔνθεος\u003c/em\u003e, \u0026ldquo;God within,\u0026rdquo; and \u003cem\u003eγενέσθαι\u003c/em\u003e, \u0026ldquo;to give birth to\u0026rdquo;) was coined to describe psychoactive substances that induce altered states of consciousness in ceremonial settings\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, avoiding the terms \u0026ldquo;psychedelics\u0026rdquo; (from \u003cem\u003eψυχή\u003c/em\u003e meaning \u0026ldquo;soul\u0026rdquo; but also \u0026ldquo;butterfly\u0026rdquo;, its emergence from the chrysalis symbolizing the soul\u0026rsquo;s release at death\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and \u003cem\u003eδῆλος\u003c/em\u003e meaning \u0026ldquo;to manifest\u0026rdquo;\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e) or \u0026ldquo;hallucinogens\u0026rdquo; which carry cultural biases\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe initiation of consuming the kykeon is described in lines 206\u0026ndash;210 of the Hymn\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. When Metaneira, the queen of Eleusis offered Goddess Demeter \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003ehoney-sweet wine\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e to soothe her sorrow, the Goddess refused, replying that \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;it is not lawful for her to drink red wine\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e but she ordered them \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;mix barley and water with soft mint and give her to drink\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e and Metaneira \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;prepared the kykeon and offered it to the goddess, as she bade\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo; \u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e. In practice, within the darkened temple, participants had to recite the formula: \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eI have fasted, I have drunk the kykeon.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;\u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e What happened thereafter is, as the name suggests (Mysteries deriving from \u003cem\u003e\u0026micro;ύω\u003c/em\u003e, \u0026ldquo;to keep eyes/mouth shut\u0026rdquo;) an enigma, the penalty for revealing what occurred, in public or private, being death\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, considerable information survives from the myth\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, the Lesser Eleusinian Mysteries (\u003cem\u003eἘλευσίνια τὰ Μικρά\u003c/em\u003e, public pre-festivals) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, organizational records\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and polemical early Christian accounts1\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e. We can be reasonably certain of their psychedelic core through numerous accounts of the experience, namely ego dissolution and the \u0026ldquo;resurrection\u0026rdquo; of the soul into a higher state of being, where psychedelic and religious dimensions likely converged. Pindar and Cicero both link initiation with knowledge of death and afterlife and, by extension, with happiness\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuilding on the enduring mystery surrounding kykeon\u0026rsquo;s composition, scholarship has long sought to identify its psychoactive components\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. There are many variants of kykeon described in ancient Greek texts (see Supplementary Note 2). With focus on the Eleusinian one, its components are given as water, mint, and barley\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. While fermented barley and its alcohol content may contribute to the drink\u0026rsquo;s flavor profile, it would not suffice to induce an entheogenic reaction, with alcohol also being denied by the Goddess. Another psychoactive candidate is mint, referred to in text as \u003cem\u003eγλήχωνι\u003c/em\u003e, identified as pennyroyal (\u003cem\u003eMentha pulegium\u003c/em\u003e), a fragrant herb with known calming properties\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Although toxic in high doses, pennyroyal is presumed non-psychedelic\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In addition to barley and mint, the opium poppy (\u003cem\u003ePapaver somniferum\u003c/em\u003e) was closely linked to the Eleusinian cult, depicted on reliefs\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, opium was well known in ancient Greek medicine and rituals\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, thus its public symbolism and narcotic-sedative profile argue against it being the hidden entheogen\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Other candidates, including the psychedelic \u003cem\u003eAmanita muscaria\u003c/em\u003e and psilocybin mushrooms remain speculative\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, due to their seasonal nature, irregular availability, and non-cultivability, making their use unlikely in a structured ritual involving thousands of initiates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe 1970s marked a turning point with \u003cem\u003eThe Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e by R. Gordon Wasson, the mycologist who introduced \u0026ldquo;magic\u0026rdquo; mushrooms to the West\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, Albert Hofmann, the chemist who synthesized LSD20 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) and Carl A. P. Ruck, the classicist who coined the term \u0026ldquo;entheogen\u0026rdquo;\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e. They advanced the hypothesis that ergot alkaloids (EAs), produced by \u003cem\u003eClaviceps purpurea\u003c/em\u003e, a plant-parasitic ascomycete filamentous fungus, were the secret entheogenic agents in kykeon\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Recent archaeological evidence from a ritual site in Mas Castellar de Pont\u0026oacute;s, a city near \u003cem\u003eἘ\u0026micro;πόριον\u003c/em\u003e (meaning \u0026ldquo;trade\u0026rdquo;), an ancient Greek colony and major cereal trading port\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, lends support to this theory. Inside a sanctuary dedicated to the two Eleusinian Goddesses\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, archaeologists discovered fragments of ergot both inside a ceremonial vase and in the dental calculus of a 25-year-old man, providing evidence of its consumption\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Ergot-infected barley is considered the most probable candidate among the hypothesized psychoactive ingredients in kykeon, as it aligns with the Hymn\u0026rsquo; ingredients, plausible pharmacology and archeological findings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eErgot refers to the compactly interwoven hyphae of the fungus, from the French \u003cem\u003eargot\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \u0026ldquo;claw\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;spur\u0026rdquo;, which reflects its morphology, biologically designated as a \u003cem\u003esclerotium\u003c/em\u003e, the fungus\u0026rsquo;s dormant winter stage, from the Greek \u003cem\u003eσκληρός\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \u0026ldquo;hard\u0026rdquo;\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e. The herbal drug is called \u003cem\u003eSecale cornutum\u003c/em\u003e and the comminuted sclerotia \u003cem\u003ePulvis parturiens\u003c/em\u003e referring to its use in obstetrics until the early 20th century\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, one major concern regarding this hypothesis is ergot\u0026rsquo;s toxicity. Its effects are manifested as \u003cem\u003eergotism\u003c/em\u003e, a disease historically known as \u003cem\u003eSaint Anthony\u0026rsquo;s Fire\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eignis sacer\u003c/em\u003e, with epidemics of tragic dimensions during the Middle Ages, including the 1418 Paris outbreak that claimed 50,000 lives\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Symptoms can include hallucinations, severe burning sensations in the limbs, seizures, spasms, convulsions, vomiting, dry gangrene and consequent limb loss due to the intense vasoconstriction, caused by the unintentional consumption of toxic ergopeptides (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) through contaminated grains and the foodstuffs made thereof\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This raises a critical and still-unanswered question: if ergot was indeed an active component of the kykeon, by what means did the ancient Eleusinian priestesses manage to harness its psychoactive potential while avoiding its devastating toxic effects? The answer to this lies in forgotten methods of preparation, precise dosing and the presence of synergistic or detoxifying agents; possibilities modern science has yet to explore.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne suggestion, later proposed\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and revisited in the appendix of the 30th anniversary edition of \u003cem\u003eThe Road to Eleusis\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, is that the ancient Greeks may have used a simple alkaline preparation made with water and ashes to hydrolyze toxic ergopeptides, into simpler psychedelic lysergamides, such as LSA (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) and its C-8 isomer, iso-LSA. Ancient Greeks knew alkali-based medicines\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, lending plausibility to Eleusinian priestesses empirically developing such a method. The hydrolysis of isolated pure ergopeptides to yield LSA using alcoholic KOH and of LSA to lysergic acid using aqueous NaOH, is well documented\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR31 CR32 CR33\" citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, the conversion of a peptidic EAs\u0026rsquo; mixture of crude ergot sclerotia using a simple lye process, as proposed in the preceding hypothesis, has not been previously examined.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study examines kykeon in the context of naturalistic psychedelic ceremonial use, identifying ergot as the most likely entheogenic ingredient among the proposed candidates. To this end, acknowledging its toxicity and the lack of experimental data, the potential hydrolysis products of crude, pulverized ergot sclerotia were investigated, using a technique that could have been readily employed by Eleusinian priestesses. The method involved heating in lye, made with water and ashes, as a possible means of detoxification of ergot in kykeon into an entheogenic preparation. To explore and optimize the parameters of this reaction, a full factorial design was applied, allowing the identification of the most favorable conditions for complete hydrolysis through this ancient technique, using analytical tools such as NMR and UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSpectroscopic and spectrometric data of isolated LSA and iso-LSA\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough LSA and iso-LSA have been known since the 1930s, literature still lacks comprehensive NMR data. Thus, they were isolated and recrystallized from \u003cem\u003eArgyreia nervosa\u003c/em\u003e seeds. Their \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eH NMR data in CDCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e, together with \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR data in DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eH\u0026ndash;\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH COSY and \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eH\u0026ndash;\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC HMBC correlations are presented in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The 1D and 2D NMR spectra are presented in the Supplementary Fig. \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e to Fig. S22. Their ESI(+)-HRMS fragmentation spectra are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and were consistent with the fragmentation patterns reported in the literature for EAs\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH and \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eC NMR data (400 MHz) for LSA and iso-LSA. Chemical shifts (\u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e, ppm) are referenced to residual solvents peaks. Abbreviations: br, broad (indicative of small unresolved couplings); s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; m, multiplet plus combinations, e.g. dd; doublet of doublets; ov, overlapped; \u003cem\u003eJ\u003c/em\u003e values (Hz) in parenthesis; numbering according to Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003ein CDCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e; \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003ein DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePosition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLSA\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eH\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eiso-LSA\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eH\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLSA\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eH\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eiso-LSA\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eH\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLSA\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eiso-LSA\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eC\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.91, s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.18, s, 1H\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.67, s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.70, s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.93, t (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.92, t (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.02, t (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.04, t (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e119.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e119.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e108.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4α\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.77, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.66, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.46, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.53, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4β\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.40, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.57, dd (14.6, 5.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.45, dd (14.8, 5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.45, dd (14.6, 5.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.56, m\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.17, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.97, m\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.03, m\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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m\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.98, m\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.45, dd (4.3, 2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.60, brd (6.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.39, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.49, dd (5.6, 1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e120.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e119.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e127.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e127.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.16, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.16, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.06, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.07, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e111.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e111.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.22, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.22, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.17, m\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.19, m\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.17, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.17, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.06, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.07, m, ov\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e122.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e133.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e133.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e125.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e126.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.62, s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.58, s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.45, s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.47, s\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e173.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e174.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.28, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.82, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.47, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.03, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.99, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.46, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.97, brs,\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.38, brs\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMicromorphological and molecular identification of ergot\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe field-collected strain\u0026rsquo;s conidial length and width measurements were consistent with the published ranges for \u003cem\u003eClaviceps purpurea sensu lato\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Molecular analysis of the specimens\u0026rsquo; rDNA-ITS region identified it as belonging to \u003cem\u003eClaviceps purpurea\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Tul. Indicatively, images of the conidia\u0026rsquo;s micromorphological characters, images of the sclerotia, images of the inoculated sclerotia and the sequence of the ITS rDNA region of the specimen ATHUM 10382 are presented in the Supplementary Fig. S23 and Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEffect of atmospheric neutralization and ergot sclerotia on lye solution pH\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary lye solution had an initial pH of 12.5. Gradual neutralization by atmospheric CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e reduced its pH to 11.5 and 10.5 after 2 and 5 days, respectively. Adding ergot sclerotia powder further lowered the pH by approximately 2 units. Consequently, experiments were conducted by refluxing ergot sclerotia in lye solutions with final pH ranges of 7.2\u0026ndash;8.6, 9.5\u0026ndash;10.0, and 10.0\u0026ndash;10.8, obtained by the addition of the different concentrations of ergot sclerotia powder to the initial lye solution of pH 10.5, 11.5 and 12.5 respectively. In controls with deionized water, pH dropped to 6.4, 6.2, and 5.8 after adding 5%, 10%, and 20% w/v ergot sclerotia powder, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQualitative analysis of EAs hydrolysis in putative kykeon preparations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary monitoring by TLC, following visualization, revealed four main bands of indole alkaloids in the control samples, with R\u003csub\u003ef\u003c/sub\u003e values of 0.07 (intense purple), 0.33 (faint purple), 0.67 (purple), and 0.83 (faint purple). In contrast, the test samples of 5% w/v sclerotia powder refluxed in a lye solution of initial pH 12.5 and for all reaction times, displayed only one major band, with a R\u003csub\u003ef\u003c/sub\u003e value of 0.07 (intense purple) suggesting the degradation of less polar compounds to LSA and iso-LSA during treatment under these conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eH NMR spectra of the control samples (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) and the samples with an initial lye pH of 10.5 and 11.5 in CDCl₃ revealed several peaks at the low field chemical shift region at 9.0\u0026ndash;10.0 ppm, corresponding to the proton of the amide linkage of the different ergopeptides connecting the lysergic acid structure and the tripeptide-based moiety (19-NH). A singlet at 7.9\u0026ndash;8.1 ppm, assigned to the indole nitrogen proton (1-NH), aromatic overlapping multiplets at 7.1\u0026ndash;7.6 ppm (H-12, -13, -14), overlapping singlets at 6.9 ppm corresponding to a proton at α-position to a pyrrolic nitrogen (H-2), overlapping vinylic signals at 6.38\u0026ndash;6.43 ppm (H-9), and methyl singlets at 2.6\u0026ndash;2.7 ppm (H-17) were consistent with the presence of the ergoline skeleton (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Ergokryptine (Ekr) and ergocristine (Ecr) were identified as the main ergopeptines in the control samples based on their NMR data available in the literature38, presented in the inset table of Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn contrast to the control samples, in the 5% w/v test samples of ergot refluxed in an initial lye solution of pH 12.5, across all reaction durations, the peaks downfield at 9.0\u0026ndash;10.0 ppm corresponding to the amide protons of position 19 and the peaks within 7.0\u0026ndash;7.6 ppm corresponding to the hydroxyls of the peptidic moiety of Ecr and Ekr (shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e), were absent, suggesting the cleavage of the peptidic bond between the lysergic acid structure and the tripeptide-based part (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Instead, two new singlets appeared at 6.8 and 8.0 ppm corresponding to one of the two 19-NH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e protons of LSA and its C-8 isomer, iso-LSA, the other two being overlapped by other peaks in the extract within 5.3\u0026ndash;5.5 ppm. Additionally, the characteristic peaks for the vinylic hydrogen of the D ring (H-9) of LSA at 6.46 ppm and iso-LSA at 6.60 ppm were detected in the absence of the Ecr and Ekr peaks. Finally, the 6-NMe proton singlets of Ekr and Ecr, originally at 2.67 and 2.66 ppm, were replaced by the LSA and iso-LSA 6-NMe singlets at 2.62 and 2.58 ppm, respectively, further confirming the complete hydrolysis of both Ekr and Ecr, yielding LSA and iso-LSA (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe UHPLC/QTOF-HRMS qualitative analysis confirmed the degradation of peptidic EAs and further indicated their hydrolysis to lysergamides, consistent with the NMR data. More specifically, out of the 36 test samples, in those prepared with 5% w/v ergot refluxed in an initial lye solution of pH 12.5 for 120 min, none of the predominant ergopeptides were detected, namely ergosine (Es), ergocornine (Eco), ergokryptine (Ekr), ergotamine (Et), and ergocristine (Ecr) neither their corresponding C-8 epimers, namely ergosinine (Esn), ergotaminine (Etn), ergokryptinine (Ekrn), ergocorninine (Econ) and ergocristinine (Ecrn). This suggests their complete degradation and hydrolyzation to LSA and iso-LSA, while the signals corresponding to ergometrine (Em) and ergometrinine (Emn) were observed (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, column B). In contrast, in the control (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, column A) and in all other test samples, all six predominant EAs, together with LSA and their related C-8, epimers were detected.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eQuantitation of LSA and iso-LSA in putative kykeon preparations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter UHPLC/QTOF-HRMS quantitation of LSA and iso-LSA via standard addition calibration across the 48 experimental runs using varying reaction parameters, it was determined that LSA and iso-LSA can be produced at 0.54 mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 0.48 mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e of ergot used, respectively, while fully hydrolyzing the toxic ergopeptides, when refluxed for 120 min in an initial lye pH of 12.5 and at a concentration of 5% w/v ergot in lye. Higher levels of LSA and iso-LSA in mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e of ergot used were observed for reaction times of 15 to 60 min under the same conditions, and also when using a 10% w/v ergot concentration, and for all reaction durations under the same pH conditions (pH 12.5); however, toxic ergopeptides were still detectable in these extracts, indicating only partial hydrolysis. The highest LSA yield in mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e of ergot used was observed at an initial lye pH of 12.5 with 10% w/v ergot concentration after 60 min, reaching 0.81 mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e; for iso-LSA a 1.12 mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e was observed at the same conditions after 30 min. In all other experiments conducted at initial lye pH values of 10.5 or 11.5, and across all reaction times and ergot concentrations tested, intermediate levels of LSA and iso-LSA were observed, while residual toxic ergopeptides were consistently detected. Regarding the maximum absolute amounts of LSA and iso-LSA produced per 10 mL aliquot, the highest observed yields were 1.15 mg of LSA obtained at 120 min, lye pH 12.5 and 20% w/v ergot concentration and 1.12 mg of iso-LSA, at 30 min, lye pH 12.5 and 10% w/v ergot concentration, yet residual ergopeptides were still detectable under these conditions as well. UHPLC/QTOF-HRMS quantitation results for LSA and iso-LSA together with dry extract yields and related calculations, are provided in the Supplementary Table S2.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eModeling and evaluation of LSA and iso-LSA yield responses\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eANOVA revealed that all models were highly significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001). Lye pH was the sole significant predictor (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001), with its quadratic term also significant in second-order models. No interactions among independent variables were detected (Supplementary Tables\u0026nbsp;3 and 4). The summary of fit statistics for the model equations applied to LSA and iso-LSA showed strong agreement between predicted and observed values. All models except Eq.\u0026nbsp;2 yielded high coefficients of determination (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e), indicating that most variability in the responses was explained by the fitted equations. Incorporating a squared term for the independent variable further increased explanatory power (Eq.\u0026nbsp;1: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.8300, Eq.\u0026nbsp;3: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.8217 for LSA; Eq.\u0026nbsp;1: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7816, Eq.\u0026nbsp;3: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7616 for iso-LSA). The adjusted coefficients of determination (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj) were similarly high and closely matched the R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e values (Eq.\u0026nbsp;1: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7898, Eq.\u0026nbsp;3: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7956 for LSA; Eq.\u0026nbsp;1: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7299, Eq.\u0026nbsp;3: R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7267 for iso-LSA), confirming model robustness while accounting for the number of predictors. In contrast, the Eq.\u0026nbsp;2 model produced the lowest coefficients (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.4964, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.4228 for LSA; R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.4215, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.3369 for iso-LSA). The corresponding root mean square errors (RMSE) are reported in Supplementary Table S5. Overall, these findings indicate that models incorporating a squared term of the independent variable provide greater predictive accuracy for both analytes. The simplest statistically significant equations (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001) for LSA and iso-LSA were those using pH as the independent variable in first- and second-order forms (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7824, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7726, RMSE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2674 for LSA; R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7390, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eadj\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.7274, RMSE\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.1457 for iso-LSA). Indicative three-dimensional response surface plots are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eNMR and UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS analysis of 48 experiments employing varying reaction parameters indicated that LSA and iso-LSA can be generated through complete degradation of toxic ergopeptides using simple lye treatment at 5% w/v ergot sclerotia in an initial pH 12.5 lye solution for at least 120 min. The proposed mechanism for the hydrolysis and chemical transformation of ergopeptines Erk and Erc into LSA and iso-LSA is presented in the Supplementary Fig. S25.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, the debate over the use of entheogens in the Eleusinian Mysteries has remained active, with scholars split between enthusiastic proponents and uncompromising skeptics\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Among the former, another proposal suggests that an acidic barley-water mixture may convert toxic EAs into iso-LSH, the C-8 isomer of LSH (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), with a subsequent alcohol extraction recovering these compounds\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, alcohol is not part of the kykeon, LSH and iso-LSH are extremely unstable, thus readily degrading into acetaldehyde and the corresponding amides, merely serving as prodrugs of LSA and iso-LSA. Regarding the latter group, many classicists remain skeptical of the \u0026ldquo;psychedelic Eleusis\u0026rdquo; hypothesis, not by presenting new disproof, but by warning against reliance on speculative evidence and noting the absence of ergot residues in Eleusinian vessels\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This absence, however, is not decisive, since no systematic research has ever been conducted or since permission for such has never been granted. Concrete findings however do exist elsewhere (see the ergot finding from Mas Castellar\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e), which are left unmentioned, even though they lend empirical weight to the hypothesis, demonstrating that ergot was, in fact, connected with the worship of the Eleusinian Goddesses. Many critics also frame a false dilemma: ergot equals ergotism\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Yet the history of medicine shows otherwise; crude ergot was used in obstetrics for centuries, and innumerous isolated and semi-synthesized EAs were and are still in use in clinical practice\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The key is dose and processing, as demonstrated in this study, not inevitability of poisoning.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding the psychoactivity of LSA and iso-LSA, it is well documented in both ethnobotanical\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR40\" citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and pharmacological literature\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR43 CR44 CR45\" citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, being also the main active compounds in \u003cem\u003eololiuqui\u003c/em\u003e (\u0026ldquo;round things\u0026rdquo;), an entheogenic preparation of \u003cem\u003eIpomoea corymbosa\u003c/em\u003e seeds used by the Aztecs\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Although pure LSA shows lower receptor binding affinities than LSD \u003cem\u003ein vitro\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, in a recent review, it was demonstrated that among its reported effects are euphoria and hallucinations\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Consistently, in a β-arrestin2 recruitment assay, LSA exhibited approximately 100-fold lower potency than LSD at both the 5-HT\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eA and 5-HT\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eB receptors, while remaining notably active, with EC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e values of 58 nM and 54 nM, respectively\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Regarding iso-LSA, it has demonstrated measurable affinity for central 5-HT binding, as reported in early QSAR studies\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Notably, it displaced both \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eHserotonin and \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eHLSD from rat cerebral cortex membranes with pIC50 values of 7.00 and 6.70, respectively and exhibits a log P of 0.95, consistent with moderate lipophilicity and potential for blood-brain barrier permeability\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. \u003cem\u003eIn vivo\u003c/em\u003e studies further support its central activity, as iso-LSA administered intraperitoneally to rats reached measurable concentrations in the brain correlating with behavioral effects such as decreased conditioned avoidance response, indicating that the parent compound, rather than a metabolite, acts as the psychoactive agent\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, despite its isomeric difference from LSA, iso-LSA (being the C-8 (\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e) isomer, which are usually considered inactive\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e) may retain central serotonergic activity relevant to psychedelic potential. Additionally, the result of each of the kykeon preparations was an equilibrium mixture of LSA and iso-LSA, and which may be more psychoactive than either pure alkaloid alone\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Another key factor is that \u0026ldquo;set and setting\u0026rdquo; predominantly shape the experience, the substances merely acting as tools\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In an ancient ritual framework, marked by botanical synergism, fasting, and heightened expectancy, their psychedelic potential would have been amplified. At Eleusis, optimal ceremonial conditions gave these entheogens a meaningful role, showing that their effects must be understood within a religious context, rather than purely pharmacological terms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne concern regarding the lye hypothesis for the detoxification of the peptidic EAs in the kykeon is the potability of the resulting preparation; a solution with a pH\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;11.5 is highly caustic for oral consumption and can injure esophageal epithelium\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, it was demonstrated that an initial highly basic pH value can be neutralized by exposure to atmospheric CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and sclerotia addition, while maintaining reaction performance. The addition of the resulting solution to the barley-mint preparation, typically slightly acidic, would further neutralize the pH, rendering kykeon safe to drink.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith regard to origin, neither the geographic source nor the precise ergopeptides composition of \u003cem\u003eC. purpurea\u003c/em\u003e sclerotia is decisive. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses indicate that ergopeptide biosynthesis emerged in the \u003cem\u003eC. purpurea\u003c/em\u003e lineage after the genus diversified in the Paleocene-Eocene (~\u0026thinsp;56\u0026ndash;34 Mya), through recruitment of \u003cem\u003elpsA/lpsB\u003c/em\u003e nonribosomal peptide synthetases into the ancestral EA core pathway48\u0026ndash;50. This evolutionary timeframe addresses Hofmann\u0026rsquo;s concern (\u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eWe have no way to tell what the chemistry was of the ergot of barley or wheat raised on the Rarian plain in the 2nd millennium B.C.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;)\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e. Considering the cosmopolitan distribution of \u003cem\u003eC. purpurea\u003c/em\u003e (following Pooideae)\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and the evolutionary scale, two millennia represent a negligible interval; thus, the ergot infecting ancient Eleusinian barley likely contained the same major ergopeptide classes as modern strains. Even if minor compositional differences had existed, all ergopeptides ultimately hydrolyze into the same lysergamides, accompanied only by harmless amino acid by-products (Supplementary Fig. S25). Another fact to note is that the \u003cem\u003eClaviceps paspali\u003c/em\u003e theory has been dismissed, as its host plants are non-native to Europe and only became naturalized in the 19th century\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, excluding their presence in ancient Greece.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding the sourcing of ergot by the priestesses, one potential conduit lay in the cultic grain offerings. Every city-state contributed cereals to Eleusis, a practice rooted in a famine-era decree from the Delphic oracle\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Under Athens, the Mysteries became Panhellenic, with heralds summoning poleis required to dedicate first harvest of barley before public use\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These offerings to Demeter could have introduced ergot-contaminated grains into the sanctuary, if not collected directly by the priestesses from the Rarian field. The fertile Thriasian plain, Eleusis\u0026rsquo; granary, with its heavy soils and marshy patches\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, offered suitable microhabitats for \u003cem\u003eC. purpurea\u003c/em\u003e. Paleoenvironmental and hydrogeological data from Elefsis Bay\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and across the Attica peninsula indicate stable Mediterranean conditions (dry summers, humid winters)\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e with locally waterlogged areas in Classical antiquity\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Although such conditions would have limited the extent of infection and precluded epidemic ergotism of the kind seen in medieval Northern Europe, localized contamination could nonetheless have sufficed to supply the small but controlled quantities required for ritual use within the sanctuary.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegarding the quantities of ergot required, considering that the average content of EAs in sclerotia of \u003cem\u003eC. purpurea sensu lato\u003c/em\u003e is a few milligrams per gram (typically ranging from 0.01\u0026ndash;1.3 mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e to 2.88\u0026ndash;7.26 mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003csup\u003e56\u003c/sup\u003e, that the minimum effective dose of pure LSA is approximately 0.5 mg\u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003e, and that up to two thousand participants could have attended the Eleusinian initiations simultaneously\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, the priestesses of the temple would likely have required few kilograms of sclerotia, along with twenty times that amount in freshly prepared lye solution. These quantities could have been readily obtained and processed within the secrecy of the temple. Since our results showed that 0.54 and 0.48 mg g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e of ergot yield LSA and iso-LSA, respectively, under optimal conditions (5% w/v ergot in lye, pH 12.5, 120 min at 100 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC), about 1 g of ergot would suffice for each initiate. The required amount might have been even less, given the nine-day fasting period observed by the initiates before the consumption of the kykeon and the entheogenic intensification in a ritual setting, as mentioned above.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, focusing on elements of the kykeon mixture other than the hypothesized ergot and beyond what was outlined in the introduction, a potential synergistic role of pennyroyal\u0026rsquo;s constituents is proposed. The pennyroyal essential oil\u0026rsquo;s principal monoterpene, (\u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e)-(+)-pulegone, is known to interact with CNS pathways involved in nociception, sedation, psychotropic activity, and analgesia\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Additionally, its aqueous extract, rich in rosmarinic acid, modulates MAO-A, suggesting nootropic and mood-stabilizing effects\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, it is proposed that these secondary metabolites may contribute to a psychostimulant-synergistic \u0026ldquo;entourage effect\u0026rdquo; with LSA and iso-LSA, analogous to the terpenes\u0026ndash;THC synergy in cannabis\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and the DMT\u0026ndash;β-carbolines in ayahuasca\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, possibly reducing anxiety and prolonging the entheogenic effects. This hypothesis remains to be validated through targeted co-administration studies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur findings demonstrate that toxic ergopeptides can be chemically transformed into psychoactive substances through an ancient process involving reaction in lye, a technique that could have been employed by the ceremonial priestesses of Eleusis. These results support the hypothesis that the entheogenic properties of kykeon could be attributed to the use of ergot, as suggested by R. Gordon Wasson, Albert Hofmann and Carl A. P. Ruck almost half a century ago. It should be noted that the purpose of this work was not to establish a novel analytical method for the quantitation of LSA and iso-LSA, nor to optimize the hydrolysis reaction conditions through response surface methodology, nor to re-evaluate the pharmacological properties of EAs, LSA and iso-LSA, which are already well documented. Rather, the focus of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of this transformation in the specific historical-technological context under investigation, which has been successfully achieved. Looking forward, it is anticipated that future archaeological discoveries from the site of Eleusis may provide further material evidence to substantiate and enrich the “psychedelic Eleusis” hypothesis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003ch2\u003eSource, micromorphological and molecular identification of ergot\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSmall quantities of identified ergot sclerotia of \u003cem\u003eClaviceps purpurea\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Tul. were generously provided by the herbarium collection of the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (October 2024), and by the Culture Collection of Clavicipitaceae of the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (January 2025). Additionally, for the purposes of our experiments, larger quantities of ergot sclerotia were either collected directly from the field or obtained from the waste fraction at a grain elevator cleaning facility in Alberta, Canada (September 2024). All sclerotia were kept at room temperature (20–25°C) in a dry, dark environment until analysis. To identify the field-collected sclerotia, the following procedure was employed. The sclerotia were surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 10 s followed by 1 min in 10% bleach and rinsed several times with sterile distilled water. After air drying on sterile gauzes in an Airstream Class II biohazard safety cabinet (ESCO Micro Pte. Ltd., Singapore), the sclerotia were aseptically cut into 5 mm pieces and plated by three-point inoculation on PDA (39 g/L of distilled water, Becton, Dickinson \u0026amp; Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) in pre-sterile polystyrene Petri plates, 92 mm in diameter and 16 mm high with ventilation cams (Sarstedt AG \u0026amp; Co. KG, Nümbrecht, Germany). The plates were incubated at 23°C for 14 days in darkness in a FTC90E refrigerated incubator (Velp Scientifica Srl., Milano, Italy). The culture isolates obtained from the sclerotia (strain ATHUM 10382) are safeguarded at the Fungal Culture Collection of the Mycetotheca ATHUM (NKUA).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the micromorphological characterization of the strain, sterile distilled water was poured over the surface of the colonized PDA to create a conidial suspension, which was then used to prepare a microscope slide. Images of the conidia at 400× magnification were captured using Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) optics on an Axio Imager.A1 microscope equipped with an AxioCam MRc camera (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH., Jena, Germany). Genomic DNA was isolated from 100 mg of fungal tissue using the HigherPurity Plant DNA Purification Kit (Canvax Biotech, Spain), following the manufacturer’s instructions. DNA integrity was evaluated via 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis, while purity and concentration were assessed using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and a Qubit fluorometer, respectively. Amplification of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was performed using the ITS1 (5′-GTCCCTGCCCTTTGTA-3′) and ITS2 (5′-CCTGGTGGTTTCTTTTCC-3′). The reaction conditions followed a previously published protocol\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003ePreparation of wood ash derived lye solutions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn order to obtain the lye solution, mixed oak and olive tree dry wood chips (proportions of approximately 0.55 kg), supplied from a local lumberyard in Athens, were incinerated at 600 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC in a NABER model L 51/S ashing furnace (Nabertherm GmbH., Lilienthal, Germany) under a fume hood for three h to produce wood ash (approximately 15 g per 0.55 kg of starting material). The lye solution was prepared by boiling one part of wood ash into two parts of distilled water in a glass beaker for ten min on a MSH-20D magnetic stirrer with hotplate (Witeg Labortechnik GmbH., Wertheim, German), distilled water added to compensate for water loss and then allowed to sit overnight. After the settling period, the supernatant was decanted and filtered with filter paper via a Büchner funnel. The filtrate was collected, being the primary lye solution and its pH value was measured at 12.5. The whole process was repeated to prepare additional solutions as needed. Lye solutions with pH values of 10.5 and 11.5 were prepared by exposing aliquots of the primary lye solution in glass beakers to atmospheric air for controlled durations (2 and 5 days respectively). Distilled water was added as needed to compensate for evaporation losses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDesign and analysis of alkaline hydrolysis experiments\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo optimize the hydrolysis conditions of the EAs, a full factorial design with varying levels was employed. Three quantitative variables were selected: lye pH (10.5, 11.5, 12.5), ergot powder concentration in the lye (5%, 10%, 20% w/v), and reaction time (15, 30, 60, 120 min). Towards this end, ergot sclerotia of the field-collected stain were pulverized using a mortar and pestle. The resulting powder was then boiled under reflux in the lye solutions and in distilled water (neutral pH), the latter serving as control samples. This design comprised a total of 48 experimental runs. For each experiment, a 45 mL sample for each concentration of pulverized ergot powder in the respective lye solution or in the distilled water was prepared in a 100 mL flask and heated in the stirring oil bath at 100°C and 200 rpm under reflux on the magnetic stirrer’s hotplate. For each treatment, 10 mL aliquots were collected at the defined intervals, measured from the onset of boiling. Each aliquot was then put aside to reach room temperature, its pH was measured and made basic to pH 9.5, if lower, with the addition of sodium bicarbonate (ReagentPlus, ≥ 99.5% purity, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and was exhaustively extracted trice with 30 mL of ethyl acetate and trice with 30 mL of chloroform (both Analytical reagent grade, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The combined organic phases for each extract were collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), evaporated under reduced pressure via a R210 rotavapor equipped with a V700 vacuum pump (BÜCHI Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) at 35°C, weighed, and stored at − 20°C under a nitrogen atmosphere until analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIsolation of LSA and iso-LSA from\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eArgyreia nervosa\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eseeds\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDue to the lack of comprehensive NMR data for LSA and iso-LSA in the scientific literature, the substances were isolated following a series of acid-base extractions and crystallizations from \u003cem\u003eArgyreia nervosa\u003c/em\u003e seeds (supplied by Ethos Herbals, Athens, Greece), which like \u003cem\u003eololiuqui\u003c/em\u003e contain these metabolites but at higher concentrations, exhibiting the highest indole alkaloid content (0.5–0.9%) reported among Convolvulaceae species\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. For this purpose, a crude alkaloid extract was prepared from 10 g of seeds. The seeds were initially pulverized with a mortar and pestle and defatted with 200 mL of petroleum ether (boiling point 40–60°C, Certified ACS grade, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) in a round-bottom flask heated in the oil bath set at 35°C and 200 rpm under reflux on the magnetic stirrer’s hotplate for 30 min, transferred in 50 mL falcon tubes, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 min in a Frontier 5816 centrifuge (OHAUS Corporation, Parsippany, NJ, USA), the supernatants discarded, the pellets dried in a fume hood, transferred into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and wetted with 50 mL of 10% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Then 100 mL of diethyl ether (Emplura series, Merk KGaA., Gernsheim, Germany) were added, and the mixture was shaken at 200 rpm on a STUART SSL1 orbital shaker (Cole-Parmer Instrument Company LLC, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) for 30 min. The ether layer was collected by decantation, and the residue was extracted twice more, each time with 100 mL of diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were extracted with 3 × 100 mL of 0.1 N aqueous H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The acidic aqueous phase was collected, adjusted to pH 10 with 25% aqueous ammonia solution (Emsure series, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), and extracted with 3 × 100 mL of chloroform. The combined organic phases were collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated under reduced pressure via the rotavapor at 35°C. The compounds were subsequently crystallized according to the scheme detailed in a previously published protocol\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, were recrystallized from methanol, and stored at − 20°C under a nitrogen atmosphere until analysis. Their \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eH NMR spectra in DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e were compared with those provided in the CoAs of reference standard materials (methylergometrine EP impurity C, catalog #M-130008, \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH NMR in DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e spectrum number 6139-006A8 and methylergometrine EP impurity E, catalog #M-130010, \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH NMR in DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e spectrum number 6139-006A7, for LSA and iso-LSA respectively, TLC Pharmaceutical Standards Ltd., Newmarket, ON, Canada).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eThin Layer Chromatography screening\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSamples of the kykeon’s extracts were primarily monitored with TLC with a chloroform/methanol (95:5 v/v) system (both Analytical reagent grade, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) on 60 F254 silica gel 200 µm thickness aluminum sheets (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), observed under UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm and visualized with Ehrlich's reagent (1 g of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB, 98% purity, Merck KGaA (Sigma-Aldrich), Darmstadt, Germany) in 50 mL of ethanol and 50 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (aqueous HCl 37%, Emsure series, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany)).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eNMR spectra of isolated LSA and iso-LSA were recorded in chloroform-d (CDCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e, 99.8% atom D, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and dimethyl sulfoxide-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e (DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e, (CD\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eSO, 99.5% atom D, Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Samples of the dry kykeon’s extracts were redissolved in CDCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and monitored with \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eH-NMR. All NMR experiments were performed at 298 K on a Bruker AVANCE III 400 MHz instrument (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) equipped with a BBI 5 mm probe. The NMR chemical shifts are given on the \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e scale in ppm taking as reference the residual solvent peaks at \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e 7.26 for CDCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and \u003cem\u003eδ\u003c/em\u003e 2.50 for DMSO-d\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e, while integration, multiplicity, and coupling constants (\u003cem\u003eJ\u003c/em\u003e in Hz) are reported along with the signals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eSample preparation for UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS quantitation of LSA and iso-LSA, standard addition calibrations were performed, while the major EAs (ergometrine (Em), ergosine (Es), ergocornine (Eco), ergokryptine (Ekr), ergotamine (Et), and ergocristine (Ecr)) and their C-8 epimers (ergometrinine (Emn), ergosinine (Esn), ergotaminine (Etn), ergokryptinine (Ekrn), ergocorninine (Econ) and ergocristinine (Ecrn)), were qualitatively identified in the samples by comparison of retention times and mass spectra with those of reference standards. A mixed solution (0.1 µg mL\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e each in acetonitrile) was prepared as described in a previously published protocol\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. LSA and iso-LSA standards were purchased from TLC Pharmaceutical Standards Ltd. (Newmarket, ON, Canada), fine film dried standards of Em, Emn, Et and Etn were purchased from Romer Labs (Getzersdorf, Austria), while the remaining standards (Es, Esn, Eco, Econ, Ekr and Ekrn) were obtained from Techno Spec (Barcelona, Spain).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSamples of the dry kykeon extracts were redissolved in water/methanol (5:95 v/v), both LC-MS grade (water from Merck KGaA (Sigma-Aldrich), Darmstadt, Germany; methanol from Avantor (VWR International), Radnor, PA, USA), at a concentration of 40 µg mL\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e of dry extract in the water/methanol mixture for controls and samples in lye at pH 10.5, and at a concentration of 20 µg mL\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e of dry extract in the water/methanol mixture for samples in lye at pH 11.5 and 12.5. Each sample set included a non-fortified sample and four fortified samples at concentration levels of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ng mL\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e for each analyte, to compensate for matrix effects and establish the standard addition calibration curves. All samples were processed in duplicate and filtered using PTFE syringe filters (0.22 µm, 13 mm; Clarify, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) prior to injection. The peak areas were plotted as a function of the added concentrations of each analyte.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eChromatographic conditions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eChromatographic analysis was carried out based on a previously in-house developed method for EAs analysis\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR64\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e64\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, implemented on an Agilent 1290 Infinity II system, composed of a Multicolumn Thermostat (G7116B), Vialsampler (G7129B), Flexible Pump (G7104A), and an Agilent 1200 Series Micro Degasser (G1379B), (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) interfaced to the MS. The column used for the analysis was a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 Rapid Resolution HD 50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), thermostated at 35°C, the mobile phase flow rate was set at 0.4 mL min\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and the injection volume at 5 µL. Mobile phase consisted of water (solvent A) and MeOH (solvent B) both acidified with 0.3% v/v of formic acid (Formic acid ≥ 99%, HiPerSolv for LC-MS, VWR Chemicals, Radnor, PA, USA). The gradient was conducted as follows: 0 min, 5% B; 4.7 min, 5% B; 6.5 min, 41.5% B; 9 min, 44.5% B; 10 min, 95%; 11 min, 95% B; 12 min, 5% B. The gradient was set at 5% B for the last 3 min to re-equilibrate the column before the next injection, accounting for a total run time of 15 min. In order to minimize epimerization, the vial sampler was thermostated at 10°C during analysis, while the injection sample sequence was limited to 12 h. Moreover, control standard solutions (mixed solution, 0.05 µg mL\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e of each analyte in water/methanol (5:95 v/v)) were injected at the beginning, middle, and end of each analysis sequence. A retention time window of ± 0.2 min was applied for compound identification.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMass spectrometry conditions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mass spectrometer coupled with the UHPLC system was an Agilent 6550 iFunnel Q-TOF, equipped with a Dual AJS Electrospray Ionization (ESI) source (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), and operated in positive ionization mode [ESI(+)]. Non-fortified and fortified samples were analyzed using the All-Ions fragmentation acquisition mode. High-resolution accurate mass data were acquired with a QTOF HRMS method consisting of two sequential experiments at alternating collision energies: one full scan at 0 V, followed by one All-Ions fragmentation scan at 30 V. The low-energy spectra (0 V) were used to obtain precursor ions, while the high-energy spectra (30 V) were used primarily to obtain fragment ions. The parameters of the Dual AJS ESI source were as follows: nebulizer gas (N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) pressure was set to 35 psig, whereas the drying gas (N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) flow rate was set to 15 L min\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e at 160°C, and the sheath gas flow rate was established at 10 L min\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e at 260°C. The capillary, nozzle, fragmentor and 1 RF Vpp octopole voltages were set at 3500, 600, 300 and 750 V, respectively. The instrument was calibrated and tuned according to procedures recommended by the manufacturer. HRMS and fragmentation data were stored in positive polarity using centroid mode at a scan rate of 10 spectra/s. Accurate mass spectra were acquired in the MS range 50–1000 \u003cem\u003em/z\u003c/em\u003e. To ensure the desired mass accuracy of recorded ions, continuous internal calibration was performed during analyses by using as reference mass the signals at 121.0509 \u003cem\u003em/z\u003c/em\u003e (protonated purine) and 922.0098 \u003cem\u003em/z\u003c/em\u003e (protonated hexakis(1H, 1H, 3H-tetrafluoropropoxy)phosphazine; HP-0921) in the positive ionization mode (API-TOF Reference Mass Solution Kit, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The reference nebulizer pressure for the internal calibrant was set to 0 psig. A mass error tolerance of ± 10 ppm was applied for compound identification.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe NMR spectra were processed using TopSpin (version 4.4.1, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany) and Mnova (version 15.1, Mestrelab Research S.L., Santiago de Compostela, Spain) software.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrecursor mass calculations and data processing for the UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS spectra and chromatograms were performed using Agilent MassHunter Workstation Software (version 10.0, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe chemical structures and figures were designed using ChemDraw software (version 23.1.1, Revvity Signals Software, Waltham, MA, USA)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDesign of experiments, data processing, and evaluation of the effects of the three quantitative independent variables, i.e. lye pH (X1), ergot powder concentration in the lye in % w/v (X2), and reaction time in minutes (X3), on the production of the response variables, i.e. LSA and iso-LSA per mg g\u003csup\u003e-\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e of ergot used, were analyzed and plotted by JMP Pro software (version 17.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed at a significance level \u003cem\u003ep ≤ 0.01\u003c/em\u003e to evaluate the significance of individual process factors and their interactions on the basis of their F-and p-values.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe experimental data were first fitted in accordance to Eq.\u0026nbsp;(1) as a second-order polynomial equation including the linear and interaction effects of each variable:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"695\" height=\"329\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor contributions statement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eR.K.A. and E.D. conceived and designed the study and wrote the original draft; R.K.A. isolated the fungal strain, conducted the experiments, and performed the NMR and LC-MS analyses; K.I. carried out data curation; A.C. conceptualization, NMR experiments, and data interpretation; V.M. managed the project and funding acquisition; A.M.G-C., L.G-G., M.H-M., and A.N. provided resources, supervised analytical work, and supported LC-MS analysis; M.A.H. and C.A.P.R. contributed to conceptual discussions and manuscript revision; Z.G-Z. carried out the mycological analyses and provided resources; N.A. conceptualization; P.M. supervised the project and provided resources. All authors revised the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo external funding was received for this work.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eR.K.A. and E.D. conceived and designed the study and wrote the original draft; R.K.A. isolated the fungal strain, conducted the experiments, and performed the NMR and LC-MS analyses; K.I. carried out data curation; A.C. conceptualization, NMR experiments, and data interpretation; V.M. managed the project and funding acquisition; A.M.G-C., L.G-G., M.H-M., and A.N. provided resources, supervised analytical work, and supported LC-MS analysis; M.A.H. and C.A.P.R. contributed to conceptual discussions and manuscript revision; Z.G-Z. carried out the mycological analyses and provided resources; N.A. conceptualization; P.M. supervised the project and provided resources. All authors revised the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors sincerely thank Professor Anastasia L. Lagopodi (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki) and Professor Miroslav Kolař\u0026iacute;k (Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague) for providing ergot sclerotia and for their insightful discussions. They also acknowledge Dr. Vassili N. Kouvelis and his team at the Department of Biology, NKUA, especially Alexandra M. Kortsinoglou and Anastasia C. Christinaki, for their assistance with the molecular analysis of the unidentified C. purpurea strain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNichols, D. E. \u0026amp; Psychedelics \u003cem\u003ePharmacol. 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Occurrence of ergot alkaloids in barley and wheat from Algeria. \u003cem\u003eToxins\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e13\u003c/b\u003e, 316. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050316\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/toxins13050316\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2021).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Psychedelic, Kykeon, Eleusinian Mysteries, Claviceps purpurea, Ergot alkaloids, Lysergic acid amide (LSA)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8000194/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8000194/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study revisits the hypothesis that \u003cem\u003eClaviceps purpurea\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Tul., a fungus infecting cereals and producing ergot alkaloids (EAs), was the psychedelic agent in \u003cem\u003ekykeon\u003c/em\u003e, the sacred elixir of the Eleusinian Mysteries. Although archaeological evidence supports this link, experimental data confirming the transformation of toxic ergopeptides into psychoactive lysergic acid amide derivatives in putative ancient preparations remain limited. The potential hydrolysis products of ergot were investigated using a technique that could have been readily applied by the priestesses of Eleusis, notably reacting in lye. Pulverized sclerotia were refluxed in solutions of lye and in distilled water. Samples obtained after liquid-liquid extractions were analyzed with \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH-NMR and UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS. The \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eH NMR spectra demonstrated conversion of toxic ergopeptides, present in control samples but absent at all reaction times in 5 % w/v ergot treated with pH 12.5 lye, where characteristic peaks for lysergic acid amide (LSA; ergine) and isolysergic acid amide (iso-LSA; isoergine) appeared. UHPLC/Q-TOF-HRMS quantitation confirmed this conversion, yielding 0.54 mg LSA and 0.48 mg iso-LSA per gram of ergot and complete hydrolysis of the toxic ergopeptides at 120 min. The chemical transformation of toxic EAs to psychoactive compounds, utilizing ancient technology, was demonstrated and supports the “psychedelic Eleusis” hypothesis.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigating the psychedelic hypothesis of kykeon, the sacred elixir of the Eleusinian Mysteries","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-06 08:58:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8000194/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-20T13:46:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T09:05:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T09:02:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-10-31T15:59:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a5ceb769-8602-4b5b-8fbc-14bac4c80e33","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 6th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":57324310,"name":"Biological sciences/Biochemistry"},{"id":57324311,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-16T16:06:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8000194","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39568-3","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-02-13 15:58:53","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 13th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-06 08:58:31","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-026-39568-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-39568-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8000194","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8000194","identity":"rs-8000194","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}