Geochemical Association of Gabbro and Magnetite Mineralization Using Principal Component Analysis, Winchospunta Prospect, Junín (Peru)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the geochemistry of the Winchos Gabbro and its association with magnetite mineralization at the Winchospunta prospect located in Carhuamayo-Junin, Peru. The methodology included systematic sampling of 24 rock and mineralization samples, petrographic and geochemical laboratory analyses using X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with emphasis on the mineralogical composition and geochemistry of major elements (Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, MgO), trace elements (V, Cr, Cu), and rare earth elements (LREE and HREE). The results indicated that the Winchos Gabbro contains 12–16% Fe₂O₃, while the Mitu Group volcanics contain 16–23%, in contrast with the massive magnetite in the region, which reaches Fe₂O₃ concentrations between 69% and 87%. These observations suggest a strong genetic connection between the Winchos Gabbro, the Mitu volcanics, and the formation of magnetite, reinforced by the association of trace elements such as V, Cr, and Cu, typical of magmatic and hydrothermal processes. Principal component analysis showed clear groupings, where elements like Cu and U are associated with hydrothermal phases, while Fe and Zn exhibit affinities with metal oxides. These results confirm that the magnetite mineralization in Winchospunta formed under conditions of hydrothermal-magmatic interaction, with differential contributions of elements from the intrusive and volcanic rocks, consolidating its potential as a significant mineral deposit.