A multilayer Doyle-Fuller-Newman model to optimise the rate performance of bilayer cathodes in Li ion batteries

A multilayer Doyle-Fuller-Newman model to optimise the rate performance of bilayer cathodes in Li ion batteries | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A multilayer Doyle-Fuller-Newman model to optimise the rate performance of bilayer cathodes in Li ion batteries E. C. Tredenick, S. Wheeler, R. Drummond, Y. Sun, S. R. Duncan, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3906430/v5 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Jun, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of The Electrochemical Society → Version 5 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Bilayer cathodes comprising two active materials are explored for their ability to improve lithium-ion battery charging performance. Electrodes are manufactured with various arrangements of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide Li[Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ]O 2 (NMC622) and lithium iron phosphate LiFePO 4 (LFP) active particles, including in two different discrete sub-layers. We present experimental data on the sensitivity of the electrode C rate performance to the electrode design. To understand the complex bilayer electrode performance, and to identify an optimal design for fast charging, we develop an extension to the Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model of electrode dynamics that accommodates different active materials in any number of sub-layers, termed the multilayer DFN (M-DFN) model. The M-DFN model is validated against experimental data and then used to explain the performance differences between the electrode arrangements. We show how the different open circuit potential functions of NMC and LFP can be exploited synergistically through electrode design. Manipulating the Li electrolyte concentration increases achievable capacity. Finally the M-DFN model is used to further optimise the best performing bilayer electrode arrangement by adjusting the ratio of the LFP and NMC sub-layer thickness. Doyle-Fuller-Newman lithium-ion battery fast charging optimisation bilayer Multilayer-Doyle-Fuller-Newman Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files SITredenick2024.pdf Supplementary Materials: A multilayer Doyle-Fuller-Newman model to optimise the rate performance of bilayer cathodes in Li ion batteries Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Jun, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of The Electrochemical Society → Version 5 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3906430","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":300782138,"identity":"ba1e4ec0-e9e8-4c4b-a86a-7deba9c0f9f5","order_by":0,"name":"E. C. 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Electrodes are manufactured with various arrangements of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide Li[Ni\u003csub\u003e0.6\u003c/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c/sub\u003eMn\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c/sub\u003e]O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (NMC622) and lithium iron phosphate LiFePO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (LFP) active particles, including in two different discrete sub-layers. We present experimental data on the sensitivity of the electrode C rate performance to the electrode design. To understand the complex bilayer electrode performance, and to identify an optimal design for fast charging, we develop an extension to the Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) model of electrode dynamics that accommodates different active materials in any number of sub-layers, termed the multilayer DFN (M-DFN) model. The M-DFN model is validated against experimental data and then used to explain the performance differences between the electrode arrangements. 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