A Secondary Adaptive Droop Controller for Voltage/ Frequency Restoration, and Active/Reactive Power Sharing for Hybrid AC/DC Smart Microgrids

A Secondary Adaptive Droop Controller for Voltage/ Frequency Restoration, and Active/Reactive Power Sharing for Hybrid AC/DC Smart Microgrids | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A Secondary Adaptive Droop Controller for Voltage/ Frequency Restoration, and Active/Reactive Power Sharing for Hybrid AC/DC Smart Microgrids Bishoy Sedhom, Ebrahim Badran, Ibrahim Mansy, Ommohamed Elfadawy This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5291458/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Smart hybrid microgrid (H- SMG) power systems face the significant challenge of achieving fast power sharing and stable performance. This paper proposes a new secondary adaptive droop controller strategy to solve this challenge in the H-SMG. The conventional droop controller technique used in inverter-based H-SMG systems is unable to provide satisfactory performance easily, as selecting a high droop controller gain to achieve fast power sharing can reduce the system’s stability. The proposed controller used to enhance the primary controller’s performance, providing an accurate coefficient for the droop controller, voltage and current controllers. It can improve power qualities of the H-SMGs such as frequency/ voltage while maintaining proper power sharing between two SMGs. A secondary adaptive droop controller is easy to implement to damp the frequency and voltage caused by load-sharing between the inverters and improving active/ reactive power sharing for H-SMG. The simulation results under various operating scenarios are studied to verify the proposed controller. The results show that the proposed secondary adaptive droop controller significantly contributes to preserving SMG stability and reliability overall. The proposed controller improves the system’s stability margins, ensures faster power sharing, and reduces oscillations and variations in the system voltage/ frequency. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Smart microgrid Hybrid AC/DC A primary droop controller State space modeling Power sharing Voltage controller Current controller Secondary adaptive droop controller Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5291458","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":379138454,"identity":"e9c85680-9da2-4d3f-ae69-823cb9ca321e","order_by":0,"name":"Bishoy Sedhom","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bishoy","middleName":"","lastName":"Sedhom","suffix":""},{"id":379138455,"identity":"28ad9d80-6763-4573-ba91-2c447c4ebff7","order_by":1,"name":"Ebrahim Badran","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ebrahim","middleName":"","lastName":"Badran","suffix":""},{"id":379138456,"identity":"fd5eada3-e464-4f71-9aa5-a56135cdf7c7","order_by":2,"name":"Ibrahim Mansy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ibrahim","middleName":"","lastName":"Mansy","suffix":""},{"id":379138457,"identity":"1f974b83-07a0-4303-938a-eeca223b8f5d","order_by":3,"name":"Ommohamed Elfadawy","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA30lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAD9sbGBwwMBwgr5GFgBpIJDBIMPIebDUjUIpHeJkGUFnv2/oMfGH/Y1PH3HGyr5qm5I8fPwPzw0Q18tvAcZpZgSEiTkDje2Hab59gzY8kGNmPjHHxaJJKBjko4LMFw5iBQC9vhxA0HeNikCWhh/gHSIn8jsa2Y5x9xWtjAthgAtTDzthGj5cxhMwuGtDTJjWcONkvO7TtsLNlMwC/s7Y2PbzDY2PDLHW9/+OHNt8Ny/OzNDx/j0wICzH+gDCYeMJeAchTA+IMU1aNgFIyCUTBiAABwU0rr/GOsyAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Mansoura University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ommohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"Elfadawy","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-18 19:53:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5291458/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5291458/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":74262735,"identity":"f37b2157-417c-44b6-81d6-1c2e83a53a2e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-20 12:32:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4671107,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OmMohmodel6112024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5291458/v1_covered_f97996c7-ab6e-421f-8411-b4711e2b3fa8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Secondary Adaptive Droop Controller for Voltage/ Frequency Restoration, and Active/Reactive Power Sharing for Hybrid AC/DC Smart Microgrids","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Smart microgrid, Hybrid AC/DC, A primary droop controller, State space modeling, Power sharing, Voltage controller, Current controller, Secondary adaptive droop controller","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5291458/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5291458/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSmart hybrid microgrid (H- SMG) power systems face the significant challenge of achieving fast power sharing and stable performance. This paper proposes a new secondary adaptive droop controller strategy to solve this challenge in the H-SMG. The conventional droop controller technique used in inverter-based H-SMG systems is unable to provide satisfactory performance easily, as selecting a high droop controller gain to achieve fast power sharing can reduce the system\u0026rsquo;s stability. The proposed controller used to enhance the primary controller\u0026rsquo;s performance, providing an accurate coefficient for the droop controller, voltage and current controllers. It can improve power qualities of the H-SMGs such as frequency/ voltage while maintaining proper power sharing between two SMGs. A secondary adaptive droop controller is easy to implement to damp the frequency and voltage caused by load-sharing between the inverters and improving active/ reactive power sharing for H-SMG. The simulation results under various operating scenarios are studied to verify the proposed controller. The results show that the proposed secondary adaptive droop controller significantly contributes to preserving SMG stability and reliability overall. The proposed controller improves the system\u0026rsquo;s stability margins, ensures faster power sharing, and reduces oscillations and variations in the system voltage/ frequency.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Secondary Adaptive Droop Controller for Voltage/ Frequency Restoration, and Active/Reactive Power Sharing for Hybrid AC/DC Smart Microgrids","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-26 03:30:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5291458/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a38b2c54-0169-416d-9f51-d755688376e8","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 26th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":40369970,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":40369971,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-20T12:23:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-26 03:30:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5291458","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5291458","identity":"rs-5291458","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}