Replay of factorized temporal journey

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Abstract Time is a fundamental dimension of episodic memory, structuring the sequence of events that form our experiences. While replay of spatial paths and item sequences has been extensively studied in recent years, the role of temporal replay remains unclear. Here, we asked whether the brain replays time in a factorized manner. Our results revealed content-independent temporal trajectories that were replayed both during memory retrieval and post-retrieval rest, with on-task replay supporting immediate recall and off-task replay contributing to the consolidation of weaker memories. Furthermore, the alignment between cortical replay and sharp wave ripples in the hippocampal reveals that hippocampal-cortical replay may serve as a unifying mechanism for organizing "where", "what", and "when" of episodic memory.
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Replay of factorized temporal journey | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Replay of factorized temporal journey Sze Chai Kwok, Xuanlong Zhu, Hongjie Jiang, Chenyang Li, Kai Pan, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6112006/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Time is a fundamental dimension of episodic memory, structuring the sequence of events that form our experiences. While replay of spatial paths and item sequences has been extensively studied in recent years, the role of temporal replay remains unclear. Here, we asked whether the brain replays time in a factorized manner. Our results revealed content-independent temporal trajectories that were replayed both during memory retrieval and post-retrieval rest, with on-task replay supporting immediate recall and off-task replay contributing to the consolidation of weaker memories. Furthermore, the alignment between cortical replay and sharp wave ripples in the hippocampal reveals that hippocampal-cortical replay may serve as a unifying mechanism for organizing "where", "what", and "when" of episodic memory. Biological sciences/Neuroscience/Learning and memory/Short-term memory Biological sciences/Neuroscience/Learning and memory/Hippocampus Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files RoTSM.pdf Supplemental Information Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6112006","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":431187388,"identity":"f71409c5-cda7-4a55-945d-69bfc003ef36","order_by":0,"name":"Sze Chai 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