Surface, Solvent, and Anion Effects on Polaronic Transitions in New Polyaniline Composites and Nanocomposites

Surface, Solvent, and Anion Effects on Polaronic Transitions in New Polyaniline Composites and Nanocomposites | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Surface, Solvent, and Anion Effects on Polaronic Transitions in New Polyaniline Composites and Nanocomposites Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam, Maryam Pakseresht, Ferydoon Khamooshi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846235/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this research, the synthesis of novel conductive composites and nanocomposites of the polyaniline (PANI) is reported by the chemical and oxidative insitu polymerization of aniline in the presence of silica- and nanosilica-supported perchloric acid as well as ammonium peroxy disulfate without using a solvent (solid-state condition) at room temperature and Also, changes in polaron mutations under changing conditions are analyzed. The structure, size, and morphology of all samples were identified using FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM, AFM, and XRD, spectroscopy methods. The conductivity of the samples was determined by using the four-probe technique, Cyclic Voltammetry, and their values were in the range of conductive polymers. According to AFM and SEM images, silica particles have been thoroughly coated by PANI, and the particle sizes of composite and nanocomposite were in the range of 0.5-4μm and 60-90nm, respectively. Also, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the nanosilica-supported perchloric acid was crystalline whereas the synthesized nanocomposite was semi-crystalline. Furthermore, the SEM, AFM, and XRD results confirm strong core-shell morphology in obtained nanocomposites. The size of the polymer particles is directly related to the conductivity of the polymer. The UV Visible study showed that the effect of polar solvents with high dielectric constant such as DMF and MeOH is more for smaller particles such as nanocomposite. Due to more interaction of solvent with polymer chromophores groups, their effect is stronger. They reduce energy levels and increase energy gap transfer. They increase the number of polaronic transitions. Chloride anion, compared to perchlorate anion (multi-atomic), due to more connection centers and a specific type of connection, remains in the salt polymer structure after work-up with H 2 O and causes the formation of a two-layer coating and an increase in the coating surface. This issue in XRD causes the broadening of the peak and the amorphous appearance compared to the NSSPA spectrum and prevents the emergence of separate and sharp peaks. Due to the increase in the surface and size of polymer particles in the structure of the composite, the conductivity is slightly higher than that of the nanocomposite. Due to the increase in the surface and size of polymer particles in the structure of the composite, the conductivity is slightly higher than that of the nanocomposite. Therefore, it can be concluded that in resistors that are used to limit a certain amount of electric current, the nanocomposite structure is preferable to the composite structure. Anionic Effect Solvent Effect Surface Effect PANI-SSPA and PANI-NSSPA Polaronic Transitions Polymerization Mechanism Study No-template Synthesis Resistors Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files GraphicalAbstract.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3846235","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":266149168,"identity":"5093a51d-e8ca-47ae-b4b9-d904daeea907","order_by":0,"name":"Ali Reza Modarresi-Alam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Sistan and Baluchestan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"Reza","lastName":"Modarresi-Alam","suffix":""},{"id":266149169,"identity":"248c62e3-89f7-4153-b4c7-c6fdec4196a4","order_by":1,"name":"Maryam Pakseresht","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Sistan and Baluchestan","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maryam","middleName":"","lastName":"Pakseresht","suffix":""},{"id":266149170,"identity":"6283072b-3678-4bc0-bca5-097db0b70ec5","order_by":2,"name":"Ferydoon Khamooshi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACgxsQOoGN+fABIC0hQ1CL4QyYFra0BJAWHoJajCWgWhjYcgxADMJazKSbn274UFGXx8fG8/nVjRoLHgb2w0c34NNiI3PM7OaMM4eL2dh4t1nnHAM6jCct7QZeLRIJZrd52w4ktsn3bjPOYQNqkeAxw6vFTCL9G1BLXWIbG88z45x/RGgxlsgB2cIM0sL8OLeNCC2GM3LKQH4BamEzY87tk+BhI+QXgxvp224AQyxxfhvz48853+rk+NkPH8OrBRmwgeOIjVjlIMD8gRTVo2AUjIJRMHIAAN9HRs7BniOjAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Zabol","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ferydoon","middleName":"","lastName":"Khamooshi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-08 19:44:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846235/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846235/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60732573,"identity":"7019702d-8a68-4cc7-a955-98ff66386c3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-20 09:16:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1770433,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3846235/v1_covered_3847de70-65dd-48d3-8753-8e639c774cc3.pdf"},{"id":49426564,"identity":"a06815a0-3bd2-40a2-8dba-68b9899438aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-01-10 15:46:34","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":98941,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3846235/v1/78214b83c33828edbee04cde.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Surface, Solvent, and Anion Effects on Polaronic Transitions in New Polyaniline Composites and Nanocomposites","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Anionic Effect, Solvent Effect, Surface Effect, PANI-SSPA and PANI-NSSPA, Polaronic Transitions, Polymerization Mechanism Study, No-template Synthesis, Resistors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846235/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846235/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this research, the synthesis of novel conductive composites and nanocomposites of the polyaniline (PANI) is reported by the chemical and oxidative insitu polymerization of aniline in the presence of silica- and nanosilica-supported perchloric acid as well as ammonium peroxy disulfate without using a solvent (solid-state condition) at room temperature and Also, changes in polaron mutations under changing conditions are analyzed. 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The UV Visible study showed that the effect of polar solvents with high dielectric constant such as DMF and MeOH is more for smaller particles such as nanocomposite. Due to more interaction of solvent with polymer chromophores groups, their effect is stronger. They reduce energy levels and increase energy gap transfer. They increase the number of polaronic transitions. Chloride anion, compared to perchlorate anion (multi-atomic), due to more connection centers and a specific type of connection, remains in the salt polymer structure after work-up with H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO and causes the formation of a two-layer coating and an increase in the coating surface. This issue in XRD causes the broadening of the peak and the amorphous appearance compared to the NSSPA spectrum and prevents the emergence of separate and sharp peaks. Due to the increase in the surface and size of polymer particles in the structure of the composite, the conductivity is slightly higher than that of the nanocomposite. Due to the increase in the surface and size of polymer particles in the structure of the composite, the conductivity is slightly higher than that of the nanocomposite. Therefore, it can be concluded that in resistors that are used to limit a certain amount of electric current, the nanocomposite structure is preferable to the composite structure.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Surface, Solvent, and Anion Effects on Polaronic Transitions in New Polyaniline Composites and Nanocomposites","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-01-10 15:46:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846235/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"261778f5-4965-42a3-aaa2-d08f41290865","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-07-20T09:08:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-01-10 15:46:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3846235","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3846235","identity":"rs-3846235","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}