Formulation, in Vitro Characterization and Anti- Tuberculosis Investigation of Isoniazid Nanocapsules

Formulation, in Vitro Characterization and Anti- Tuberculosis Investigation of Isoniazid Nanocapsules | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Formulation, in Vitro Characterization and Anti- Tuberculosis Investigation of Isoniazid Nanocapsules Chekwube A. Ezegbe, Chukwuemeka C. Mbah, Amarachi G. Ezegbe, Ifeanyi S. Ofoefule This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6280534/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. The most commonly used first-line anti-TB drugs in the treatment of TB are rifampicin and isoniazid. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the anti-mycobacterium activity of isoniazid (INH) nano formulations against mycobacterium isolates ( M. smegmatis and M. bovis ). Methods A 10 g quantity of the lecithin powder was placed in a beaker and 50 mL quantity of water added and heated on a water bath at 55 o C for 30 minutes. The oil and water phases were separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes. The gum/crude lecithin was dried in vacuum oven for 1 hour at 40 o C. The solvent and lecithin were separated by decantation. The acetone was removed by heating at low temperature at 40 o C and the powdered lecithin was packaged in screw-capped containers until further use. Results The percentage yield of the extracted lecithin ranged from 31.0±0.31% to 35.0±0.32%. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograph of pure INH was 121.8 o C. The drug content of isoniazid formulation using extracted lecithin (IEL) and isoniazid formulation using reference lecithin (IRL) ranged from 96.4±0.29% to 93.5±0.94% respectively. The INH nano capsule formulations showed significantly ( p < 0.05) lower MICs (0.03 µg/mL) than the reference commercial capsule of INH (0.05 and 0.10 µg/mL) against M. smegmatis and M. bovis isolates, respectively. Conclusion The chitosan-fortified nano capsule formulation of INH has potentials for further exploration and development for enhanced bioavailability and application against MDR-TB. Lecithin Isoniazid Labrasol® Multi-drug resistance Nano capsule Tuberculosis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6280534","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":440782984,"identity":"e2389b83-8705-4b0b-9ed1-f813a97dcd5f","order_by":0,"name":"Chekwube A. 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The most commonly used first-line anti-TB drugs in the treatment of TB are rifampicin and isoniazid. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the anti-mycobacterium activity of isoniazid (INH) nano formulations against mycobacterium isolates (\u003cem\u003eM. smegmatis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eM. bovis\u003c/em\u003e).\u0026nbsp; \u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e A 10 g quantity of the lecithin powder was placed in a beaker and 50 mL quantity of water added and heated on a water bath at 55\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC for 30 minutes. The oil and water phases were separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes. The gum/crude lecithin was dried in vacuum oven for 1 hour at 40 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC. The solvent and lecithin were separated by decantation. The acetone was removed by heating at low temperature at 40 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC and the powdered lecithin was packaged in screw-capped containers until further use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults \u003c/strong\u003eThe percentage yield of the extracted lecithin ranged from 31.0±0.31% to 35.0±0.32%. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograph of pure INH was 121.8\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC. The drug content of isoniazid formulation using extracted lecithin (IEL) and isoniazid formulation using reference lecithin (IRL) ranged from 96.4±0.29% to 93.5±0.94% respectively. The INH nano capsule formulations showed significantly (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05) lower MICs (0.03 µg/mL) than the reference commercial capsule of INH (0.05 and 0.10 µg/mL) against \u003cem\u003eM. smegmatis\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eM. bovis\u003c/em\u003e isolates, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion \u003c/strong\u003eThe chitosan-fortified nano capsule formulation of INH has potentials for further exploration and development for enhanced bioavailability and application against MDR-TB.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Formulation, in Vitro Characterization and Anti- Tuberculosis Investigation of Isoniazid Nanocapsules","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-15 11:42:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6280534/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0233d829-6427-467f-a91a-6650e5087940","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 15th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-07T16:04:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6280534","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-025-10030-7","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-pharmaceutical-innovation","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation"},"publishedOn":"2025-07-05 15:57:53","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 5th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-15 11:42:53","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s12247-025-10030-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-025-10030-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6280534","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6280534","identity":"rs-6280534","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}