Design of dry/wet-loaded drug composite material with sandwich pattern for efficient collaborative hemostasis

Wet hemostatic materials, such as hydrogels, are highly advantageous in trauma treatment due to their excellent wound wetting effect. However, such materials for hemostasis are impeded by challenges such as limited blood absorption capacity, poor mechanical properties, and low adhesive strength. Herein, we proposed a dry/wet-loaded drug composite material (DDCM) with a sandwich pattern, incorporating an array-punching drug-loaded hydrophilic hydrogel as the inner layer, a medical gauze as the middle layer, and a superhydrophobic hydrogel as the outer layer. Such material showed excellent hemostatic efficiency in liver puncture bleeding and myocardial injury bleeding models, and was superior to traditional hemostatic materials, attributing to the collaborative effect between the sandwich structure and the intrinsic hemostatic activity of the drug. Importantly, DDCM demonstrated remarkable hemostatic efficacy in rat liver and heart injury models, significantly reducing hemostasis time by 71.8% and 64.9%, minimizing blood loss by 76.9% and 34.0%, respectively. Notably, the outer layer of DDCM, equipped with a superhydrophobic coating, offers excellent anti-fouling and antibacterial properties. Our novel design offers unique advantages that can pave the way for rapid hemostasis and life-saving applications.