The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Health Policy: A Scoping Review

Abstract Background Policymakers require precise, in-time information to make informed decisions in complex environments such as health systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a novel approach that makes collecting and analyzing data in complex systems more accessible. This study highlights recent research on AI's application and capabilities in health policymaking. Method PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases were investigated to find relevant studies from 2000 to 2023 using the keywords of "artificial intelligence" and "policymaking." Walt and Gilson's policy triangle framework was used for charting the data. Results The results revealed that using AI in health policy paved the way for novel analyses and innovative solutions for intelligent decision-making and data collection, potentially enhancing policymaking capacities, particularly in the evaluation phase. Moreover, it can be used to develop creative agendas with fewer political limitations and higher rationality, leading to better policies. Furthermore, AI provides the opportunity to make evidence-informed decisions by developing new platforms and toolkits. Most of the suggested AI solutions for health policy are not meant to replace experts but to make decision-making smarter. Conclusion Numerous approaches exist for AI to influence the health policymaking process. Leading health systems can benefit from AI's potential to expand the use of evidence-based policymaking in health systems.