Effects of Yarn Reduction on the Impact and Post-Impact Compression Properties of 3D Woven Composites

Effects of Yarn Reduction on the Impact and Post-Impact Compression Properties of 3D Woven Composites | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effects of Yarn Reduction on the Impact and Post-Impact Compression Properties of 3D Woven Composites Haili Zhou, Chengming Yue, Lijun Gu, Fangfang Sun, Zhiyan Liu, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7523612/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Applied Composite Materials → Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study examines the influence of yarn reduction-specifically the number of layers and their location on the low-velocity impact response and post-impact compression performance of 3D woven composites. Specimens with yarn reduction on either the upper or lower surface were impacted at two different energy levels. Damage evaluation was conducted using C-scan, µ-CT, and DIC methods. The results indicate that yarn reduction on the lower surface leads to notable reductions in initial stiffness and peak load, with a clear threshold effect when two or more layers are reduced. This condition also resulted in significantly expanded damage area. In contrast, reduction on the upper surface mainly increased energy absorption and permanent displacement under high-energy impact. Additionally, compression-after-impact strength was lower for specimens with yarn reduction on the lower surface, where failure was governed by a damage network initiated by the yarn reduction. These findings offer valuable guidance for designing damage-tolerant composites with yarn reduction. 3D woven composites yarn reduction low-velocity impact compression after impact damage analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Applied Composite Materials → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 04 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7523612","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":515825980,"identity":"c2f5605d-efd5-4106-9d2d-f80e0b1eaf0e","order_by":0,"name":"Haili 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