Identification, characterization and functional analysis of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Mitochondrial Transcription Termination Factor (mTERF) genes in responding to biotic stress and exogenous phytohormone

Mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) is a large gene family which plays a significant role during plant growth against various environmental stresses. However, knowledge of mTERF genes in grapevine ( Vitis L.) is limited. In this research, a comprehensive analysis of grape mTERF genes, including chromosome locations, phylogeny, protein motifs, gene structures, gene duplications, synteny analysis and expression profiles, was conducted. As a result, a total of 25 mTERF genes were identified from the grape genome, which are distributed on 13 chromosomes with diverse densities and segmental duplication events. The grape mTERF gene family is classified into nine clades based on phylogenetic analysis and structural characteristics. These VvmTERF genes showed differential expression patterns in response to multiple phytohormone treatments and biotic stresses, including treatments with abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate,and inoculation of Plasmopara viticola and Erysiphe necator These research findings, as the first of its kind in grapevine, will provide useful information for future development of new stress tolerant grape cultivars through genetic manipulation of VvmTERF genes.