S-box smart agricultural image protection scheme based on annealing algorithm to enhance two-dimensional hyperchaos 

Abstract Addressing image security challenges in smart agriculture, this study introduces an encryption algorithm fortiffed by an S-BOX, which is enhanced by integrating chaotic systems and annealing techniques. Initially, we innovated a novel chaotic system by combining the Volterra equations with the Lorenz attractor (LV-LA-2DHC). Subsequently, an annealing algorithm was employed to augment the S-BOX, creating a robust mechanism for image encryption. This new SBox is speciffcally designed to leverage chaos-based cryptography, thus bolstering the performance and security of the encryption process. Furthermore, the algorithm incorporates specialized pixel shufffing and row-column transformations, complemented by XOR operations, to further secure the images. Through rigorous testing and multiple comparative experiments, our ffndings conffrm that the proposed encryption algorithm for bright agricultural imagery is secure and dependable.