Design and Performance Analysis of a Renewable Energy-Based Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Production System

Design and Performance Analysis of a Renewable Energy-Based Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Production System | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Case Report Design and Performance Analysis of a Renewable Energy-Based Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Production System AMIT KRISHNA GAWHADE This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9593284/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The transition toward the low carbon energy systems has accelerated the interest in the green hydrogen and the ammonia as the sustainable energy carriers. This study presents the design and the performance evaluation of the integrated renewable based system for the hydrogen production through electrolysis and the subsequent conversion to the ammonia. The hybrid solar photovoltaic and wind configuration is modeled in MATLAB and Simulink to supply the power to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, followed by the hydrogen storage and the Haber–Bosch synthesis. The objective is to assess the system performance under the variable renewable conditions and to quantify both the technical as well as the economic feasibility. The simulation results indicate that the system produces approximately 48–52 kg/day of hydrogen at the rated electrolyzer capacity of 100 kW, where this supports the ammonia production in the range of 270–300 kg/day, with the conversion efficiency of about 20–21 percent. The overall energy conversion efficiency from the renewable input to the ammonia output is found to be 28–34 percent. The estimated levelized cost of hydrogen ranges between 3.8 and 4.5 USD/kg, while the ammonia production costs vary from 680 to 820 USD/ton. The novelty of this work lies in the integrated dynamic modeling of the renewable variability, coupled with the hydrogen buffering and the techno economic assessment. The proposed framework offers the realistic representation of the system behaviour and provides the insights into improving the feasibility of the green ammonia production systems. Green Hydrogen Renewable Energy Integration Electrolysis Ammonia Synthesis Energy Optimization Decarbonization Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9593284","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Case Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":633316912,"identity":"19f7251d-f52e-4954-87a8-55d33e7fddef","order_by":0,"name":"AMIT KRISHNA GAWHADE","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNjBiYGZgfMDAcIAkLczMBiRqYWBmkyBKi7z7GbMHP8ps5HXb+Y9V89TckeNnYH746AYeLYZncswNe86lGW47zMx2m+fYM2PJBjZj4xx8Whpyt0nwth1mhGhhO5y44QAPmzReLf1vt0n+bftvD9JSzPOPCC3yErnbpHnbDiSCtDADrSOsxUDi/TdpmXPJyUAtxpJz+w4bSzYT8It8f1qa5JsyO9tt5w8+/PDm22E5fvbmh4/x2nIAicPEAyKZ8SgH29KAxGH8QUD1KBgFo2AUjEwAACdsTRl+EtaaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Wainganga College of Engineering \u0026 Management","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"AMIT","middleName":"KRISHNA","lastName":"GAWHADE","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-02 11:20:34","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9593284/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9593284/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108494007,"identity":"b88992b2-034a-4cf8-b3d3-1d32f20c90a9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-05 10:02:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":765191,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AmoniaEnergyResearchManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9593284/v1_covered_4e6b66e6-4823-42ca-b0e5-4ca1b66b06b0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDesign and Performance Analysis of a Renewable Energy-Based Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Production System\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Green Hydrogen, Renewable Energy Integration, Electrolysis, Ammonia Synthesis, Energy Optimization, Decarbonization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9593284/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9593284/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe transition toward the low carbon energy systems has accelerated the interest in the green hydrogen and the ammonia as the sustainable energy carriers. 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