A comparative study between the knowledge of first-year medical students and final-year medical students in clinically diagnosing cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults at Al-Sham Private University.

A comparative study between the knowledge of first-year medical students and final-year medical students in clinically diagnosing cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults at Al-Sham Private University. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A comparative study between the knowledge of first-year medical students and final-year medical students in clinically diagnosing cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults at Al-Sham Private University. Mohamad Alsamara, Samar Kabbani, Hamid Ahmoud Alabdallah, Abd Alslam Ghanima This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4598020/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge of medical students at Al-Sham Private University regarding diagnosing clinical cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults. Materials and Methods: A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to medical students of all years. Students were asked to answer the questionnaire, which included questions related to performing basic cardiac resuscitation in adults. Results: 300 samples were collected and divided into 3 groups. Each group includes two academic years of medicine. The questionnaire included 20 questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the most important details related to it. Descriptive studies of the data indicate that 68% of group 3 underwent a first aid course, while 37% of the group 1 attended first aid training, followed by 34% in group 2, The performance of Group 3 students was better than that of Group 1 and 2 with regard to performing CPR steps Conclusion: Knowledge of basic CPR in adults was insufficient among almost all first- and second-year medical students included in the study, Mandatory CPR training should be imposed at the university to ensure that students are equipped with the necessary skill Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine medical students comparison cardiac arrest cardiopulmonary resuscitation Al-Sham Private University. Introduction Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving technique that comes in handy in numerous situations. In situations where someone has stopped breathing or having a heart attack, such as suffocation, near drowning, electrocution injuries, or heart attacks, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is crucial. In order to maintain oxygenated blood supply to the brain and other critical organs until more advanced medical intervention can restore a normal cardiac rhythm, rescue breathing and chest compressions are combined. In just a few minutes, the lack of oxygenated blood following a heart attack can result in permanent brain damage. It will be dead in ten minutes. While aiding someone experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest, time is of the essence. The likelihood of a successful resuscitation increases with the promptness of CPR administration. One link in what the American Heart Association refers to as the "chain of survival" is cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A victim of cardiac arrest might increase their chances of life by following the "chain of survival," which is a set of steps that must be taken in order.3. The development of modern CPR took place in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Elam and Safar made the discovery of mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Later, the advantages of chest compressions were found by Kouwenhoven et al. In the end, these methods were mixed to create CPR that resembles modern practice. 1. Methods and Material study design A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of human medicine students at Al-Sham Private University, with a sample size of n=300 students. Objective: Comparing the level of knowledge and awareness about the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among students at Al-Sham Private University, Faculty of Human Medicine, between different academic years. Place of study: Damascus - Al-Sham Private University - Faculty of Medicine. Exclusion criteria Students who did not provide us with sufficient or illogical information were excluded, and students from colleges at other universities and other colleges were excluded. Inclusion criteria Medical students at Al-Sham Private University of all ages, depending on the standard of living and year of study. Males and females were included, and all ages were included without excluding anyone. Sample: The sample consisted of 300 students from the Faculty of Human Medicine, Al-Sham Private University, who were divided into three groups according to the academic year: The first group (1): first-year students + second-year students. The second group (2): third year students + fourth year students. The third group (3): Fifth year students + sixth year students. Sampling difficulties There was difficulty in delivering electronic questionnaires to participants, so we had to interview students individually in order to obtain sufficient information for the study. Methods used A questionnaire was designed consisting of a set of directed questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and some details related to it. The data was processed using the SPSS program, version 26, according to the appropriate statistical methods for the data. A descriptive study of the sample was conducted, then an analytical study that served the research objectives, and then documented by the most important international studies, including the statistical methods used, One-way analysis of variance test. Results A study was conducted on a sample of students at Al-Sham Private University, size n = 300, and then it was divided into three groups of equal size n = 100 according to academic years as follows: Group ( 1 ): First-year students + second-year students Group ( 2 ): Third year students + Fourth year students Group ( 3 ): Fifth year students + sixth year students Then, a number of directed questions were asked about the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and some demographic indicators. The questionnaire included 20 questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the most important details related to it, with the aim of comparing awareness and knowledge related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation among the three groups of students at Al-Sham Private University. The descriptive study of the data indicates that 68% of group ( 3 ) had undergone first aid training, while 37% of group ( 1 ) attended first aid training, followed by 34% in group ( 2 ). Regarding facing an incident of clinical cardiac arrest, the largest percentages of the three groups recorded that they had not faced any previous cardiac arrest, with the following percentages, respectively, 78%, 92%, and 77%. Then, the students’ answers to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed. Where 49% of group ( 3 ) answered correctly about the definition of clinical cardiac arrest, while 67% of group ( 2 ) and 50% of group ( 1 ) made a mistake in the diagnosis and definition. 57% of group ( 3 ) were correct in the first step that must be taken in pulmonary resuscitation (ensuring the safety of the patient’s surroundings), while only 21% and 29% of group ( 1 ) and group ( 2 ) were correct, respectively. Regarding the correct way to check for non-response, the vast majority of group ( 3 ), about 73%, answered correctly (shrugged the patient’s shoulders), while 44% of them answered correctly. Group ( 1 ), and 38% of group ( 2 ). As for the third step (in case of non-response), the vast majority of group ( 3 ), about 82%, answered correctly, “Check the airway,” compared to 46% and 81% of group ( 1 ) and group ( 2 ), respectively, who answered correctly. Regarding “the best way to check the patient’s breathing,” the vast majority of group ( 3 ), about 80%, answered correctly, followed by 66%, 56% of group ( 1 ) and group ( 2 ), respectively, chose the correct method. Regarding the artery in which the pulse is checked, the percentages of correct answers were close between the three groups and were, respectively, 70%, 68%, and 63% for Group ( 1 ), Group ( 2 ), and Group ( 3 ). As for the answers to the question (in solving the absence of pulse and breathing, what is the next step), the largest percentage of group ( 3 ) answered approximately 71% correctly, compared to 80% of group ( 2 ) and 55% of group ( 1 ). The three groups were asked about the best position for the injured person to perform CPR, and the vast majority of group ( 3 ), about 82%, chose the correct position, “lying on a solid ground,” followed by 66% of group ( 2 ), and then 54% of group ( 1 ). Regarding the detailed questions about the frequency of chest compressions relative to ventilation, we also note that the largest percentage of group ( 3 ) answered correctly, at a rate of 82%, compared to 64% of group ( 2 ) and 46% of group ( 1 ). Regarding the rate of chest compressions per minute, 56% of group ( 3 ) answered correctly, “100–120 minutes,” followed by 38% of group ( 2 ), and 27% of group ( 1 ). Regarding determining the location of the palms of the hands to apply pressure on the heart, the percentages were close, with 64% recorded. From group ( 3 ) there was a correct answer, followed by 61% from group ( 2 ) And 55% of group ( 1 ). As for the sample’s answers to the question “If you have permanent artificial teeth, what do you do?” we find that the largest percentage of correct answers are from group ( 2 ), at about 83%, followed by 79% from group ( 3 ), then 67% from group ( 1 ). Regarding the best way to open the airway before starting artificial respiration, the vast majority of group ( 3 ), about 92%, answered correctly, “Extend the head back and raise the chin up.” Followed by 84% of group ( 2 ), then 60% of group ( 1 ). Concerning the state of recovery, 65% of group ( 3 ) answered correctly, followed by 57% of group ( 2 ), then 42% of group ( 1 ). Regarding the abbreviation, a–B–C, the vast majority of group ( 3 ), about 93%, answered correctly about the meaning of the symbol. The letter C “symbolizes circulatory support,” according to the American Heart Association, with regard to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, followed by 83% of group ( 2 ). Then 61% of group ( 1 ). Regarding the meaning of the symbol A, 96% of group ( 3 ) answered correctly, “It symbolizes airway clearance,” followed by 86% of group ( 2 ), and then 47% of group ( 1 ). While 91% of group ( 3 ) answered correctly about the meaning of the symbol B according to the American Heart Association, “it symbolizes respiratory support,” followed by 76% of group ( 2 ), and then 38% of group ( 1 ). Regarding the necessity of stopping cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the percentage of correct answers “one minute after the pulse and normal breathing return” was 67% in group ( 3 ), followed by 46% in group ( 2 ), then 56% in group ( 1 ). Then finally, we were asked a question related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the Corona epidemic, and we note that 87% of group ( 3 ) answered correctly, followed by 77% of group ( 2 ), and then 41% of group ( 1 ). After studying the descriptive analysis, it was concluded that the percentages of correct answers are largely within group ( 3 ) “fifth-year students and sixth-year students.” To prove this result, we created a variable that expresses the number of correct answers for each student from the three groups and divided it into three categories (less than 10 correct answers, from 10 to 15 correct answers, from 15 to 20 correct answers). 50% of the group scored ( 3 ) The number of correct answers ranged from 15 to 20, while only 7% of group ( 1 ) and only 20% of group ( 2 ) responded. Then, an analytical study and appropriate statistical tests were conducted, and the relationship between the number of correct answers and the academic year was studied using a one-way analysis of variance test, which indicated the presence of an important significant relationship with a statistical effect between the academic year and the number of correct answers, in favor of group ( 3 ), where the average cancels. The correct answers were 2.39, which indicates that the degree of knowledge among fifth and sixth year students is greater than in other years and did not happen by chance, due to the accumulation of academic courses and clinical experiences. Then, the relationship between the number of correct answers and attendance at first aid training courses was studied using a one-way analysis of variance test, the results of which indicate the existence of a significant and significant relationship with a statistical effect of attending training courses on the number of correct answers and the degree of knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as the knowledge among students who They underwent more training courses than students who did not attend any training courses. This is consistent with the findings of a study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan in 2009 (Zaheer & Haque, 2009) that undergraduate medical students who had no prior training had poorer knowledge compared to students who had prior training. Discussion After conducting the analytical study and drawing conclusions and documenting with the medical literature, with regard to the demographic indicator “school year”, it was concluded that there is an important moral relationship with a statistical effect between the school year and the number of correct answers, which indicates that the degree of knowledge among fifth and sixth year students is greater than in the rest of the years. With the outcomes of a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Alghamdi et al., 2021), in which the results of poor knowledge among medical students in the pre-clinical years in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were reported. As for the demographic indicator “attending training courses”, the significant significant relationship with a statistical effect of attending training courses on the number of correct answers and the degree of knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation is consistent with the results indicated by a study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan in 2009 (Zaheer & Haque, 2009). University medical students who did not have prior training had weak knowledge compared to students who had prior training. Regarding the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; “The rate of chest compressions per minute and the location of the hands” is consistent with the study (Vadeboncoeur et al., 2014), which indicated that the hands should be placed on the lower half of the sternum, and begin chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. The question about “frequency of chest compressions relative to ventilation” is consistent with the study (Marsch et al., 2013), which suggests performing thirty compressions, followed by a short pause for two rescue breaths. Because of the great effectiveness of chest compressions in coronary artery perfusion, interruptions in chest compressions should be minimized, and interruptions should be as short as possible. In addition to the question about cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the Corona epidemic, “If you experience a cardiac arrest during the Corona epidemic or when you suspect the presence of Corona in the infected person, how will you perform resuscitation?” It is consistent with study findings (Garg & Jha, 2020) that recommend compression CPR only for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The Research Ethics Committee at Al-Sham Private University approved the study protocol. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or Similar ethical standards. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials: All data related to this paper’s conclusion are available and stored by the authors. All data are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request. Convict of interest: The authors declare that they have no convict of interest. Funding: This research received no specific grant from ASPU or any other funding agency in the public, commercial or non-pro t sectors. Authors’ contributions: Mohamad Alsamara, Hamid Alabdallah, and Abd Alslam Ghanima, conceptualized the study and wrote the study protocol, performed the statistical analysis, participated in data collection, and did the literature search and participated in the literature search, interpret the results, wrote the main manuscript, Samar Kabbani revised the draft. All authors read and approved the nal draft. Acknowledgments We are thankful to the management of Al- Sham Private University for their support in the eld of medical training and research, we would also like to thank Dr. Samar Kabbani for his help and supervision in the paper. References Zaheer, H., & Haque, Z. (2009). Awareness about BLS (CPR) among medical students: status and requirements. PubMed, 59(1), 57 59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19213385 Alghamdi, Y. A., Alghamdi, T. A., Alghamdi, F. S., & Alghamdi, A. H. (2021). Awareness and attitude about basic life support among medical school students in Jeddah University, 2019: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(7), 2684. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2557_20 Vadeboncoeur T, Stolz U, Panchal A, Silver A, Venuti M, Tobin J, Smith G, Nunez M, Karamooz M, Spaite D, Bobrow B. Chest compression depth and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014 Feb;85(2):182-8 Marsch, S., Tschan, F., Semmer, N., Zobrist, R., Hunziker, P., & Hunziker, S. (2013). ABC versus CAB for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective, randomized simulator-based trial. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2013.13856 Garg, H., & Jha, S. (2020). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during COVID-19 Pandemic: Outcomes, Risks, and Protective Strategies for the Healthcare Workers and Ethical Considerations. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine/Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 24(9), 868–872. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23544 Additional Declarations The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: All authors read and approved the nal draft Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4598020","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":315760104,"identity":"78f829de-ac31-4091-955d-0ddb79488850","order_by":0,"name":"Mohamad Alsamara","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of medicine, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamad","middleName":"","lastName":"Alsamara","suffix":""},{"id":315760105,"identity":"e5534be2-7251-4f7d-88da-5130aecd3a44","order_by":1,"name":"Samar Kabbani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anesthesia, ICU, and Pain Management Department, Damascus university, Vice dean of medical college, Al_Sham Private University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samar","middleName":"","lastName":"Kabbani","suffix":""},{"id":315760106,"identity":"de561951-cead-45d2-b69f-29434e0aeb3a","order_by":2,"name":"Hamid Ahmoud Alabdallah","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of medicine, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hamid","middleName":"Ahmoud","lastName":"Alabdallah","suffix":""},{"id":315760107,"identity":"759c6149-6f17-434a-acb8-8f45071ee60b","order_by":3,"name":"Abd Alslam Ghanima","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculty of medicine, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abd","middleName":"Alslam","lastName":"Ghanima","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-18 07:14:53","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":true,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4598020/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4598020/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":58637555,"identity":"19d92399-3ade-4604-b87b-9f589483d943","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-19 07:03:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":275821,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4598020/v1/538398d2-68f4-4b92-bbc2-6194a20c56e4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: All authors read and approved the nal draft","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA comparative study between the knowledge of first-year medical students and final-year medical students in clinically diagnosing cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults at Al-Sham Private University.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eCardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving technique that comes in handy in numerous situations. In situations where someone has stopped breathing or having a heart attack, such as suffocation, near drowning, electrocution injuries, or heart attacks, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is crucial. In order to maintain oxygenated blood supply to the brain and other critical organs until more advanced medical intervention can restore a normal cardiac rhythm, rescue breathing and chest compressions are combined. In just a few minutes, the lack of oxygenated blood following a heart attack can result in permanent brain damage. It will be dead in ten minutes. While aiding someone experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest, time is of the essence. The likelihood of a successful resuscitation increases with the promptness of CPR administration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne link in what the American Heart Association refers to as the \"chain of survival\" is cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A victim of cardiac arrest might increase their chances of life by following the \"chain of survival,\" which is a set of steps that must be taken in order.3. The development of modern CPR took place in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Elam and Safar made the discovery of mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Later, the advantages of chest compressions were found by Kouwenhoven et al. In the end, these methods were mixed to create CPR that resembles modern practice. 1.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods and Material","content":"\u003cp\u003estudy design\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of human medicine students at Al-Sham Private University, with a sample size of n=300 students.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eObjective:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComparing the level of knowledge and awareness about the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among students at Al-Sham Private University, Faculty of Human Medicine, between different academic years.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlace of study:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDamascus - Al-Sham Private University - Faculty of Medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudents who did not provide us with sufficient or illogical information were excluded, and students from colleges at other universities and other colleges were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedical students at Al-Sham Private University of all ages, depending on the standard of living and year of study. Males and females were included, and all ages were included without excluding anyone.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSample:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample consisted of 300 students from the Faculty of Human Medicine, Al-Sham Private University, who were divided into three groups according to the academic year:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe first group (1): first-year students + second-year students.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe second group (2): third year students + fourth year students.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe third group (3): Fifth year students + sixth year students.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSampling difficulties\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere was difficulty in delivering electronic questionnaires to participants, so we had to interview students individually in order to obtain sufficient information for the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods used\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA questionnaire was designed consisting of a set of directed questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and some details related to it.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data was processed using the SPSS program, version 26, according to the appropriate statistical methods for the data. A descriptive study of the sample was conducted, then an analytical study that served the research objectives, and then documented by the most important international studies, including the statistical methods used, One-way analysis of variance test.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA study was conducted on a sample of students at Al-Sham Private University, size n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;300, and then it was divided into three groups of equal size n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100 according to academic years as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e): First-year students\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;second-year students\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e): Third year students\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Fourth year students\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e): Fifth year students\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;sixth year students\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThen, a number of directed questions were asked about the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and some demographic indicators. The questionnaire included 20 questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the most important details related to it, with the aim of comparing awareness and knowledge related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation among the three groups of students at Al-Sham Private University.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe descriptive study of the data indicates that 68% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) had undergone first aid training, while 37% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) attended first aid training, followed by 34% in group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding facing an incident of clinical cardiac arrest, the largest percentages of the three groups recorded that they had not faced any previous cardiac arrest, with the following percentages, respectively, 78%, 92%, and 77%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThen, the students\u0026rsquo; answers to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere 49% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered correctly about the definition of clinical cardiac arrest, while 67% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) and 50% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) made a mistake in the diagnosis and definition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e57% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) were correct in the first step that must be taken in pulmonary resuscitation (ensuring the safety of the patient\u0026rsquo;s surroundings), while only 21% and 29% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) and group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) were correct, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the correct way to check for non-response, the vast majority of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), about 73%, answered correctly (shrugged the patient\u0026rsquo;s shoulders), while 44% of them answered correctly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGroup (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), and 38% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs for the third step (in case of non-response), the vast majority of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), about 82%, answered correctly, \u0026ldquo;Check the airway,\u0026rdquo; compared to 46% and 81% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) and group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), respectively, who answered correctly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding \u0026ldquo;the best way to check the patient\u0026rsquo;s breathing,\u0026rdquo; the vast majority of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), about 80%, answered correctly, followed by 66%, 56% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) and group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), respectively, chose the correct method.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the artery in which the pulse is checked, the percentages of correct answers were close between the three groups and were, respectively, 70%, 68%, and 63% for Group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), Group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), and Group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs for the answers to the question (in solving the absence of pulse and breathing, what is the next step), the largest percentage of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered approximately 71% correctly, compared to 80% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) and 55% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe three groups were asked about the best position for the injured person to perform CPR, and the vast majority of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), about 82%, chose the correct position, \u0026ldquo;lying on a solid ground,\u0026rdquo; followed by 66% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), and then 54% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the detailed questions about the frequency of chest compressions relative to ventilation, we also note that the largest percentage of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered correctly, at a rate of 82%, compared to 64% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) and 46% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the rate of chest compressions per minute, 56% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered correctly, \u0026ldquo;100\u0026ndash;120 minutes,\u0026rdquo; followed by 38% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), and 27% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding determining the location of the palms of the hands to apply pressure on the heart, the percentages were close, with 64% recorded.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) there was a correct answer, followed by 61% from group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnd 55% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs for the sample\u0026rsquo;s answers to the question \u0026ldquo;If you have permanent artificial teeth, what do you do?\u0026rdquo; we find that the largest percentage of correct answers are from group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), at about 83%, followed by 79% from group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), then 67% from group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the best way to open the airway before starting artificial respiration, the vast majority of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), about 92%, answered correctly, \u0026ldquo;Extend the head back and raise the chin up.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollowed by 84% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), then 60% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcerning the state of recovery, 65% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered correctly, followed by 57% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), then 42% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the abbreviation, a\u0026ndash;B\u0026ndash;C, the vast majority of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), about 93%, answered correctly about the meaning of the symbol. The letter C \u0026ldquo;symbolizes circulatory support,\u0026rdquo; according to the American Heart Association, with regard to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, followed by 83% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Then 61% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the meaning of the symbol A, 96% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered correctly, \u0026ldquo;It symbolizes airway clearance,\u0026rdquo; followed by 86% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), and then 47% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile 91% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered correctly about the meaning of the symbol B according to the American Heart Association, \u0026ldquo;it symbolizes respiratory support,\u0026rdquo; followed by 76% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), and then 38% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the necessity of stopping cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the percentage of correct answers \u0026ldquo;one minute after the pulse and normal breathing return\u0026rdquo; was 67% in group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), followed by 46% in group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), then 56% in group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThen finally, we were asked a question related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the Corona epidemic, and we note that 87% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) answered correctly, followed by 77% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), and then 41% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter studying the descriptive analysis, it was concluded that the percentages of correct answers are largely within group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) \u0026ldquo;fifth-year students and sixth-year students.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo prove this result, we created a variable that expresses the number of correct answers for each student from the three groups and divided it into three categories (less than 10 correct answers, from 10 to 15 correct answers, from 15 to 20 correct answers). 50% of the group scored (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) The number of correct answers ranged from 15 to 20, while only 7% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) and only 20% of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) responded.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThen, an analytical study and appropriate statistical tests were conducted, and the relationship between the number of correct answers and the academic year was studied using a one-way analysis of variance test, which indicated the presence of an important significant relationship with a statistical effect between the academic year and the number of correct answers, in favor of group (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), where the average cancels. The correct answers were 2.39, which indicates that the degree of knowledge among fifth and sixth year students is greater than in other years and did not happen by chance, due to the accumulation of academic courses and clinical experiences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThen, the relationship between the number of correct answers and attendance at first aid training courses was studied using a one-way analysis of variance test, the results of which indicate the existence of a significant and significant relationship with a statistical effect of attending training courses on the number of correct answers and the degree of knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as the knowledge among students who They underwent more training courses than students who did not attend any training courses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is consistent with the findings of a study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan in 2009 (Zaheer \u0026amp; Haque, 2009) that undergraduate medical students who had no prior training had poorer knowledge compared to students who had prior training.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAfter conducting the analytical study and drawing conclusions and documenting with the medical literature, with regard to the demographic indicator \u0026ldquo;school year\u0026rdquo;, it was concluded that there is an important moral relationship with a statistical effect between the school year and the number of correct answers, which indicates that the degree of knowledge among fifth and sixth year students is greater than in the rest of the years. With the outcomes of a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Alghamdi et al., 2021), in which the results of poor knowledge among medical students in the pre-clinical years in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were reported.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs for the demographic indicator \u0026ldquo;attending training courses\u0026rdquo;, the significant significant relationship with a statistical effect of attending training courses on the number of correct answers and the degree of knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation is consistent with the results indicated by a study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan in 2009 (Zaheer \u0026amp; Haque, 2009). University medical students who did not have prior training had weak knowledge compared to students who had prior training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; \u0026ldquo;The rate of chest compressions per minute and the location of the hands\u0026rdquo; is consistent with the study (Vadeboncoeur et al., 2014), which indicated that the hands should be placed on the lower half of the sternum, and begin chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe question about \u0026ldquo;frequency of chest compressions relative to ventilation\u0026rdquo; is consistent with the study\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Marsch et al., 2013), which suggests performing thirty compressions, followed by a short pause for two rescue breaths. Because of the great effectiveness of chest compressions in coronary artery perfusion, interruptions in chest compressions should be minimized, and interruptions should be as short as possible.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to the question about cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the Corona epidemic, \u0026ldquo;If you experience a cardiac arrest during the Corona epidemic or when you suspect the presence of Corona in the infected person, how will you perform resuscitation?\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is consistent with study findings (Garg \u0026amp; Jha, 2020) that recommend compression CPR only for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Research Ethics Committee at Al-Sham Private University approved the study protocol. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or Similar ethical standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvailability of data and materials:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data related to this paper’s conclusion are available and stored by the authors. All data are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConvict of interest:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no convict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from ASPU or any other funding agency in the public, commercial or non-pro t sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors’ contributions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMohamad Alsamara, Hamid Alabdallah, and Abd Alslam Ghanima, conceptualized the study and wrote the study protocol, performed the statistical analysis, participated in data collection, and did the literature search and participated in the literature search, interpret the results, wrote the main manuscript, Samar Kabbani revised the draft. All authors read and approved the nal draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are thankful to the management of Al- Sham Private University for their support in the eld of medical training and research, we would also like to thank Dr. Samar Kabbani for his help and supervision in the paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZaheer, H., \u0026amp; Haque, Z. (2009). Awareness about BLS (CPR) among medical students: status and requirements. PubMed, 59(1), 57\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e59. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19213385\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlghamdi, Y. A., Alghamdi, T. A., Alghamdi, F. S., \u0026amp; Alghamdi, A. H. (2021). Awareness and attitude about basic life support among medical school students in Jeddah University, 2019: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(7), 2684. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2557_20\u003cspan dir=\"RTL\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVadeboncoeur T, Stolz U, Panchal A, Silver A, Venuti M, Tobin J, Smith G, Nunez M, Karamooz M, Spaite D, Bobrow B. Chest compression depth and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014 Feb;85(2):182-8\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarsch, S., Tschan, F., Semmer, N., Zobrist, R., Hunziker, P., \u0026amp; Hunziker, S. (2013). ABC versus CAB for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective, randomized simulator-based trial. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2013.13856\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGarg, H., \u0026amp; Jha, S. (2020). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation during COVID-19 Pandemic: Outcomes, Risks, and Protective Strategies for the Healthcare Workers and Ethical Considerations. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine/Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 24(9), 868\u0026ndash;872. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23544\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"db93a9c3-6377-46b8-afaa-851e8003dc12","identifier":"10.13039/100016418","name":"B.K. Kee Foundation","awardNumber":"0996066591","order_by":0}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Al-Sham Private University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"medical students, comparison, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Al-Sham Private University.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4598020/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4598020/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective: \u003c/strong\u003eThis study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge of medical students at Al-Sham Private University regarding diagnosing clinical cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials and Methods:\u003c/strong\u003e A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to medical students of all years. Students were asked to answer the questionnaire, which included questions related to performing basic cardiac resuscitation in adults.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e 300 samples were collected and divided into 3 groups. Each group includes two academic years of medicine. The questionnaire included 20 questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the most important details related to it. Descriptive studies of the data indicate that 68% of group 3 underwent a first aid course, while 37% of the group 1 attended first aid training, followed by 34% in group 2, The performance of Group 3 students was better than that of Group 1 and 2 with regard to performing CPR steps\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e Knowledge of basic CPR in adults was insufficient among almost all first- and second-year medical students included in the study, Mandatory CPR training should be imposed at the university to ensure that students are equipped with the necessary skill\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A comparative study between the knowledge of first-year medical students and final-year medical students in clinically diagnosing cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults at Al-Sham Private University.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-19 06:55:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4598020/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ddcfd16e-4fd7-47cb-92d7-87ac73352482","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 19th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":33441003,"name":"Anesthesiology \u0026 Pain Medicine"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-06-19T06:55:35+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-19 06:55:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4598020","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4598020","identity":"rs-4598020","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}