The Impact of Social Values, Work Values, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of Veterinary Medicine Students

The Impact of Social Values, Work Values, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of Veterinary Medicine Students | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The Impact of Social Values, Work Values, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of Veterinary Medicine Students Pei-Chuan Hsu, Zheng-Wei Lin, Chung-Hsi Chou, Jyh-Mirn Lai This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571672/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The study explores how social support, work value, and self-efficacy contribute to veterinary students’ career development. Veterinary students at National Taiwan University were recruited as participants in this study. The social value, work value, self-efficacy, and career development scale reliabilities were 0.914, 0.780, 0.915, and 0.892, respectively. The data was analyzed by using the multiple regression method. After controlling students’ gender and grades, whether veterinary medicine was the first choice or had clinical or internship experience, students’ social values, work values, and self-efficacy positively affected students’ career development, and students’ self-efficacy was the most significantly predicted factor in their career development. We suggest that the veterinary medicine faculty should be attentive to this trend when designing the curriculum, as the study confirms the positive impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on students’ career development. In the future, we will recruit students from the five veterinary schools in Taiwan to conduct this study again to understand better how their social values, work values, and self-efficacy affect Taiwanese veterinary students’ career development. Biological sciences/Psychology Health sciences/Health occupations Social value Work value Self-efficacy Career development Figures Figure 1 Introduction Individual career development is crucial for personal retention, organizational success, and national competitiveness, influencing economic performance, social well-being, education policy, job satisfaction, and quality of life 1 . It is influenced by physiological, psychological, and social factors and self-belief. Material rewards, professional training, social values, labor market conditions, work environment, personality, and motivation also affect career choices 2–6 . University is a critical phase for career development, where students establish career goals and beliefs, impacting their future employability and self-identity 7–8 . Early career planning increases the likelihood of achieving desired positions, making the study of factors influencing university students' career development essential for workforce nurturing 9–12 . Social values refer to the standards by which society defines individual goals. Besides inherently shaping the nature and form of collective social order, social values involve societal perceptions of what is acceptable or unacceptable, what individuals should or should not do, and which behaviors are desirable or undesirable 13–14 . Although there is considerable research on the correlation between personal social values and career development, viewpoints are divergent. Some studies suggest that personal social values influence students' future career choices 15–16 , while others indicate that students' future career paths are independent of their social values 4,17 . Work values refer to an individual’s perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs toward employment, especially regarding certain occupations 18–19 . Scholars categorize work values into intrinsic and extrinsic values. Intrinsic work values include personal preferences, pride, leadership, responsibility, and altruism. In contrast, extrinsic work values relate to job outcomes like a comfortable work environment, higher salary, straightforward tasks, rest time, and social prestige 20 . Elizur 21 (1984) and Ros 18 et al. (1999) subdivided work values into intrinsic, extrinsic, social, and prestige. Intrinsic values are about satisfaction and achievement from the job, and extrinsic values focus on material benefits, social values pertain to societal contributions, and prestige values involve respect and admiration from society. Work values significantly impact self-efficacy in career decisions and future career planning 22–24 . Intrinsic values are more pivotal than extrinsic values in career development 22 . At North Carolina State University, veterinary students least prefer intrinsic values involving competition, public interaction, and physical challenges, while they value respect, achievement, and lifelong learning. Extrinsically, they prioritize receiving guidance, flexible scheduling, and a structured routine 25 . Self-efficacy, an individual's belief in their ability to complete tasks to achieve goals, is closely tied to intrinsic work values, not extrinsic ones 26 . It strongly influences personal career expectations, planning, and exploration 27–30 . For example, confident Chinese adolescents can navigate their interests and abilities, facilitating personalized career exploration 30 . University or college students with high self-efficacy, particularly in their chosen field, overcome workplace obstacles more effectively 9,24,31 , leading to better career decision-making 32 . Additionally, self-efficacy and social support positively influence career development among Taiwanese university athletes 33 . According to Zhou 34 et al. (2009), only about 50% of graduates from the Department of Veterinary Medicine at National Taiwan University choose to work in animal healthcare; 30% engage in scientific research and teaching; the proportion of public sector veterinarians is the lowest (15%); and nearly 20% of graduates are involved in work unrelated to veterinary science. In other words, only 65% are engaged in the core field of veterinary medicine. This raises curiosity about the real reasons that influence Taiwanese veterinary students to choose to study veterinary medicine. Although there are numerous studies on the impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on career development 33 , research exploring these three variables' influence on Taiwanese veterinary students' career development is scarce. The researcher also aims to investigate the current status of social values, work values, and self-efficacy among Taiwanese veterinary students and whether these factors influence their career development. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of social value, work value, and self-efficacy on students' career development after controlling for students' background factors. Results Analysis of Student' Background Information Detailed background information is presented in Table 1 . From Table 1 , there is a higher proportion of female National Taiwan University Veterinary Medicine (NTUVM) students (N = 66), the proportion of students in their first year or fifth year is similar, and a significant number have an annual family income between 1 to 2 million (43%). Veterinary medicine is the first choice for most students (78%), and a considerable portion have internship experience (76%), though clinical experience is less common (33%). Table 1 Background information of NTUVM students ( n = 100) Characteristics Frequency Percentage Gender - Female 66 66.0% - Male 34 34.0% Grade - Freshman 49 49.0% - Graduating Student 51 51.0% Family Annual Income - Below 1 million 28 28.0% − 1 million to below 2 million 43 43.0% − 2 million to below 3 million 16 16.0% - Above 3 million 13 13.0% Veterinary Medicine as First Choice - Yes 78 78.0% - No 22 22.0% Internship Experience - Yes 76 76.0% - No 24 24.0% Clinical Experience - Yes 33 33.0% - No 67 67.0% Description of Student's Social Value, Work Value, Self-Efficacy, and Career Development Information According to Table 2 , NTUVM students consider the top three social values: 3) If I become a veterinarian, others will have a good impression of me, 2) Being a veterinarian will earn me positive regard, and 1) Being a veterinarian will lead to societal acceptance”. Table 2 Descriptive statistical information on social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development of NTUVM students. (n = 100) Constructs The top three items prioritized by NTUVM students M SD Social Value 1. Being a veterinarian will lead to societal acceptance. 3.93 .795 2. Being a veterinarian will earn me positive regard. 3.99 .718 3. If I become a veterinarian, others will have a good impression of me. 4.04 .724 4. If I can become a veterinarian, I believe society will recognize me more. 3.83 .753 Work Value Task Value 1: "Veterinary work is autonomous." 3.75 1.077 Task Value 2: "Veterinary work is very challenging." 4.65 .796 Task Value 3: "Veterinary work provides ample opportunities to develop my potential." 3.90 1.106 Team Value 1: "In the veterinary program, I can collaborate with my peers." 4.04 .764 Team Value 2: "I can work harmoniously with my peers." 3.98 .681 Team Value 3: "My peers and I can be honest with each other." 3.43 .967 Reward Value 1: "The compensation for veterinary work is reasonable." 2.21 1.066 Reward Value 2: "The salary for veterinarians is high." 2.03 1.000 Status Value 1: "Opportunities for veterinary work are equal." 2.93 .879 Status Value 2: "There are sufficient promotion opportunities in the veterinary profession." 2.89 .815 1. I believe that if I work hard enough, I can solve difficult problems. 3.50 1.124 2. I believe that if someone opposes me, I can still find a way to achieve my goals. 3.63 .849 3. I find it easy to stick to my ideas and achieve my goals. 3.20 1.064 Self- Efficacy 4. I am confident in my ability to handle unexpected situations efficiently. 3.28 1.016 5. I believe I have ample resources to deal with unpredictable circumstances. 3.22 .980 6. I believe that if I put in the necessary effort, I can solve most problems. 3.71 .880 7. I believe I can stay calm when facing difficulties. 3.42 .867 8. I believe I can come up with many solutions when facing problems. 3.34 .913 9. I believe I can persevere even in the face of adversity. 3.62 .862 10. I believe I can handle whatever happens in the future. 3.02 1.054 Career Development Career Self-Efficacy Decision 1: "Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to find a career that suits my personality." 3.68 .942 Career Self-Efficacy Decision 2: "I am confident that veterinary medicine is the profession where I can best utilize my skills." 3.61 1.072 Career Self-Efficacy Decision 3: "Learning in the veterinary program allows me to choose the most suitable career from many industries." 3.67 .933 Career Self-Efficacy Decision 4: "Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to gain more insight into the industry I like." 3.95 .796 Career Self-Efficacy Decision 5: "I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will enable me to align my career with my skills, values, and interests." 3.85 .978 Career Self-Efficacy Decision 6: "I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will allow me to make fully informed career choices." 3.76 .900 Career Self-Efficacy Decision 7: "Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to better understand jobs that are important to me." 3.96 .790 Career Self-Efficacy Decision 8: "I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will help me determine the job that best matches my interests." 3.64 1.106 Career Development Career Coping Efficacy Decision 1: "When my future career development does not go well, I am confident that I can face disappointment calmly." 3.49 .927 Career Coping Efficacy Decision 2: "If I find that my future in veterinary work is unsuccessful, I can handle negative emotions and seek other opportunities." 3.51 .937 Career Coping Efficacy Decision 3: "If I find that my ideal career goal is unattainable, I can choose a secondary goal." 3.60 .932 Career Coping Efficacy Decision 4: "If I find that my preferred plan is unachievable, I will have alternative plans." 3.60 .953 *M = Mean, SD = Standard Deviation It can be observed that the top three prioritized work values among NTUVM students are Task Value 2: Veterinary work is very challenging, Team Value 1: In the veterinary program, I can collaborate with my peers, and Team Value 2: I can work harmoniously with my peers. As for self-efficacy, NTUVM students prioritized the following top three aspects: 6) I believe that if I put in the necessary effort, I can solve most problems, 2) I believe that if someone opposes me, I can still find ways to achieve my goals, and 9) I believe I can persevere even in the face of adversity. Finally, concerning career development, the three most important options for NTUVM students are Career Self-Efficacy Decision 7: Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to better understand jobs, which are important to me, Career Self-Efficacy Decision 4: Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to gain more insight into the industry I like, and Career Self-Efficacy Decision 5: I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will enable me to align my career with my skills, values, and interests. Correlation Analysis of Social Value, Work Value, Self-Efficacy, and Career Development among NTUVM Students The correlation analysis results using Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant positive correlations among the dimensions of social value, work value, self-efficacy, and career development for veterinary students (Table 3 ). The correlation coefficients range from 0.338 to 0.710. According to the criteria for interpreting Pearson correlation coefficients, values between 0.3 and 0.7 indicate a moderate correlation 39 . Table 3 Correlation Analysis of Social Value, Work Value, Self-Efficacy, and Career Development among NTUVM Students (n = 100) Mean SD 1 2 3 4 1.Social Value 3.95 .667 1 2. Work Value 3.24 .548 .345 ** 1 3. Self-Efficacy 3.39 .728 .338 ** .536 ** 1 4. Career Development 3.66 .617 .477 ** .567 ** .710 ** 1 Multiple Regression Analysis of the Impact of Social Value, Work Value, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development for NTUVM Students Multiple regression analysis examined the influence of various factors on the career development of NTUVM students (Table 4 ). Whether veterinary studies were chosen first, internship experience and clinical experience were included in the regression model after the variables, gender, grade, and family annual income, were controlled. The model demonstrated statistical significance (F = 15.476, p = .000), indicating its predictive power. 𝑅 2 = .607, explaining that approximately 60.7% of the variance in career development among NTUVM students is accounted for by the predictor variables included in the model. Social value, work value, and self-efficacy emerged as significant positive predictors of career development for NTUVM students. Specifically, for each unit increase in social value, career development increased by .209 units. For each unit increase in work value, career development increased by .198 units, and for each unit increase in self-efficacy, career development increased by .516 units. Notably, self-efficacy showed the highest predictive power for future career development among NTUVM students. Table 4 Multiple regression Summary of the Impact of Social Value, Work Value, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of NTUVM Students (n = 100) \(\beta\) \(standard \beta\) 95% CI Gender − .021 − .016 − .155 1.836 Grade level − .105 − .086 − .203 .161 Family Annual Income .024 .038 − .301 .091 Veterinary Studies as First Choice .059 .040 − .066 .114 Internship Experience − .104 − .073 − .153 .271 Clinical Experience .027 .021 − .329 .120 Social Value .194 ** .209 − .186 .240 Work Value .223* .198 .058 .329 Self-Efficacy .438 *** .516 .035 .411 F value F(9,90) = 15.476 *** R .779 R 2 .607 ΔR² .558 * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 Discussion This is the first study in Taiwan to explore the influence of social value, work value, and self-efficacy on the career development of veterinary students. Generally, a Cronbach's alpha value exceeding 0.7 indicates a reasonable reliability of scales. Despite the inclusion of only 100 students in this study, we obtained a reasonably reliable outcome. Therefore, our hypotheses can be reasonably explained. In this study, we aimed to establish the relationship between students' social value, work value, self-efficacy, and the career development of NTU veterinary students. After controlling for students' gender, grade, family income, whether veterinary studies were their first choice, and whether they had an internship or clinical experience, we conducted multiple regression analysis using a forced-entry model. We successfully identified that these three factors - social value ( β = 0.209), work value (β = 0.198), and self-efficacy ( β = 0.516) significantly influence students' career development. Self-efficacy emerged as the strongest predictor. Furthermore, students' background variables did not significantly affect the career development of NTU veterinary students. Numerous studies have confirmed that work values influence individual career development 40–41 and work engagement 42 . According to Choi et al. 22 (2013), intrinsic work values play a more significant role in shaping college students' career development than extrinsic work values. Snyder and Royal 25 (2019) highlighted three intrinsic work values as crucial for veterinary students: 1) finding joy in work, 2) feeling respected in one's job, and 3) achieving a sense of accomplishment. However, our research found that veterinary students at NTUVM prioritize different work values: 1) Veterinary work is challenging, 2) I can collaborate with peers in the veterinary program, and 3) I can work harmoniously with my peers. These findings differ from those of Snyder and Royal 25 (2019). This finding might stem from cultural differences, where Western students emphasize individualism, while Eastern students, particularly in Taiwan, prioritize collectivism and the importance of cooperation and harmonious group interactions. Studies in the U.S. and Italy have also found a significant positive relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic achievement 43–45 . Higher self-efficacy is consistently linked to career exploration and decision-making among students 23,46–48 . Research connects students' self-efficacy with career success 49 . Both high school and university students generally show moderate levels of self-efficacy, with no significant gender differences 49–50 . In our study, self-efficacy was the most influential factor in students' career development, consistent with prior research. Even when considering variables like gender, year of study, family income, choice of major, internship and clinical experience, social values, and work values, self-efficacy remained the critical predictor of career development, aligning with findings in other fields, such as Indian accounting students 51 . In this study, neither internship experience nor clinical experience emerged as significant factors affecting the career development of veterinary students at NTU. Interestingly, the absence of internship experience even showed a non-significant negative impact. Previous research has shown that internship experience does enhance the professional competence, confidence, and skills of veterinary students 52–55 . According to these findings and logical reasoning, the presence or absence of internship experience should also influence students' career choices or development. Therefore, future investigations involving veterinary students from other universities or countries will likely provide more detailed answers to this question. Limitation The study acknowledges certain limitations, including the sample's specificity and the preliminary nature of the research limited to one university. Future directions for research are suggested, emphasizing the need to broaden the scope for a more comprehensive understanding. Conclusion This article is the first study to explore the career development of veterinary students at National Taiwan University using social values, work values, and self-efficacy. The results revealed that social values, work values, and self-efficacy significantly impact their future career development. However, clinical experience, internship experience, and whether veterinary medicine was their first choice did not influence these students' career development. Despite its limitations, this study provides a valuable foundation for future research in veterinary education. Methodology Participants and Ethics Issue The participants were selected through purposive sampling. The National Taiwan University IRB approved the study; the number was NTU-REC No: 202209HS016. And the validity of this approval was from October 18, 2022, to December 31, 2022. First-year students ( n =60) and graduating students ( n =55) from the veterinary department of National Taiwan University (NTU) were invited to join the study. All informed consent was obtained from participants. The questionnaires were distributed from October 20 th to November 3rd, 2022. In total, one hundred and ten questionnaires were distributed, and finally, 100 valid responses were collected, resulting in a response rate of 90.9%. Measurement A questionnaire survey was employed to investigate the impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on the future career development of National Taiwan University (NTU) veterinary students. The questionnaire comprises five sections: students’ background information, social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development. The study utilized SPSS 26 for internal consistency analysis (Cronbach’s α) and exploratory factor analysis to assess the construct validity of each scale. In this study, demographic variables included Gender, Grade year in school, Family annual income, Veterinary medicine as the first choice for veterinary students to attend university, Internship experience, and Clinical work experience. Independent Variables included Social value, Work value, and Self-efficacy. The dependent variable was Career development. Social Values Scale: The social value scale was adapted from Hsiao & Chen 35 (2018) and consisted of four items with a Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5) The scale’s internal consistency reliability, as measured by Cronbach’s α, was 0.914. The factor loadings of the scale ranged from 0.808 to 0.901, explaining 79.78% of the variance. Work Values Scale: Based on Cheng, Yang, Wan, and Chu 36 (2013), this study divided work values into four dimensions: task value, team value, reward value, and status value. Task value refers to the internal satisfaction from completing work; team value refers to the satisfaction from cooperation and mutual assistance; reward value refers to the external satisfaction from work rewards; and status value refers to the perceived additional value such as equal opportunities or advancement. The survey includes ten items using a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Higher scores indicate a more robust endorsement of these work values. The overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) is 0.780, with subscale reliabilities of 0.713 for task value, 0.847 for team value, 0.876 for reward value, and 0.756 for status value. Principal axis factor extraction and Promax rotation identified four distinct factors: team value (loadings 0.705 to 0.983), reward value (0.722 to 1.023), task value (0.525 to 0.879), and status value (0.479 to 0.957), explaining 79.75% of the variance in work values. Self-Efficacy Scale: Self-efficacy refers to the individual's total and comprehensive conscious ability, that is, the individual's belief and attitude about whether he can confidently complete the task. In this study, the questionnaire of Schwarzer and Jerusalem 37 (1995) was modified, and ten questions were designed. Each item was measured on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Increasing scores indicate a more significant agreement from participants with the descriptions of self-efficacy items. The internal consistency reliability of the scale is 0.915. A single factor was extracted through principal axis factor extraction and Promax rotation with factor loadings ranging from 0.630 to 0.839. This factor explains 57.45% of the variance in self-efficacy. Career Development Scale: They were adopted from Lent, Ezeofor, Morrison, Penn & Ireland 38 (2016) with two dimensions: Career decision self-efficacy (CASE) and career decision coping efficacy (CACE). Twelve items with a Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The higher the score, the more the participants agreed with the content description of the career development scale. The overall internal consistency reliability of the entire scale is 0.892. The internal consistency reliability for the Career decision self-efficacy subscale is 0.943, and 0.892 for the Career decision coping efficacy subscale. Factor analysis revealed two factors: Career Self-Efficacy Decision, with factor loadings ranging from 0.708 to 0.889, and Career Coping Efficacy Decision, with factor loadings ranging from 0.777 to 0.858. Those factors account for 73.95% of the variance in the explanation of NTU veterinary student career development. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the background factors of NTUVM students and their social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to examine the relationships among NTUVM students’ social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development. Multiple regression analysis is employed to investigate the impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on the career development of NTU veterinary students after controlling for background variables using SPSS 26 software. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Research Framework and Hypotheses The research framework is described in Figure 1. The hypotheses are listed as follows: H1: The social values of students in the veterinary program at NTU significantly impact their career development. H2: The social values of students in the veterinary program at NTU significantly impact their career development. H3: The social values of students in the veterinary program at NTU significantly impact their career development. Declarations Data availability Data is provided within the manuscript or supplementary information files. Author contributions statement PCH carried out statistical analysis and content writing. 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F., Bailey, J., Hagele, W. C., Leung, D., Lofstedt, J., Radostits, O. M., et al. CVMA Task Force on ‘‘education, licensing, and the expanding scope of veterinary practice’’. Canadian Veterinary Journal-Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 43(11), 845–854 (2002). Schön, D. A. Educating the Reflective Practitioner. (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1987). Tynja¨la¨, P., Va¨limaa, J., & Sarja, A. Pedagogical perspectives on the relationships between higher education and working life. Higher Education, 46 (2), 147–166 (2003). Canfield, P., & Taylor, R. Teaching and learning at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 32(3), 349–358 (2005). Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4571672","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":325695192,"identity":"f1e72a1f-8f73-46ed-8752-4175511b406b","order_by":0,"name":"Pei-Chuan Hsu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanzhi Biotechnology Industrial Corporation","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pei-Chuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Hsu","suffix":""},{"id":325695193,"identity":"d0ceb3e5-53a1-4f6f-829a-5633751d9d2b","order_by":1,"name":"Zheng-Wei Lin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Quemoy University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zheng-Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Lin","suffix":""},{"id":325695194,"identity":"82f73621-430e-4a75-add1-455ae50825bc","order_by":2,"name":"Chung-Hsi Chou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chung-Hsi","middleName":"","lastName":"Chou","suffix":""},{"id":325695195,"identity":"34b8a5a0-9b1a-4886-8a86-b6cce21cf9d2","order_by":3,"name":"Jyh-Mirn Lai","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYeBoYEBgY5ILPxAExUghgtxiAmshYDPJp4wGRiA5AgTgvzjNyjGx7uuZO+tv1wwwHGHXaJGw4wH7zNw/AHbAhWh83IS7uR8OxZ7rYziUAtZ5KBWtiSrXkYDPBoyTG7kXDgcO62AyAtbQeAWnjMpIFacglpSTc7/xCmhf8bUVoSzG4gbGHDr6XnDViL4bYbQFsS25KNZx5mM7acY2Bcj0uLYXuO2c0fBw7Lm51Pf/jgY5udbN/x5oc33lTIGePQwWA4IQGJB2Q7NjCDWHhiUp7/AKqAPW61o2AUjIJRMFIBAIkFZ2HuPPb+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"National Chiayi University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jyh-Mirn","middleName":"","lastName":"Lai","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-12 16:39:38","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571672/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571672/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60614902,"identity":"e964f0b2-b87a-45e7-b5bd-0e2f9052098f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-18 20:07:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":57298,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe research framework of this study\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4571672/v1/575bed32085489fa6b3f2b55.jpg"},{"id":70354794,"identity":"c74a5f12-8e3b-40ba-978a-032c88413d55","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-02 12:24:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":736093,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4571672/v1/ce7e230a-b139-45ab-a06e-fd788d55b17c.pdf"},{"id":60614903,"identity":"48878792-6f35-42ce-8fb8-ca4c9088215e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-18 20:07:03","extension":"sav","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":34344,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"20230416Taiwandata.sav","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4571672/v1/3876e9f6d46cbeaf450306da.sav"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Impact of Social Values, Work Values, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of Veterinary Medicine Students","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIndividual career development is crucial for personal retention, organizational success, and national competitiveness, influencing economic performance, social well-being, education policy, job satisfaction, and quality of life\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. It is influenced by physiological, psychological, and social factors and self-belief. Material rewards, professional training, social values, labor market conditions, work environment, personality, and motivation also affect career choices\u003csup\u003e2\u0026ndash;6\u003c/sup\u003e. University is a critical phase for career development, where students establish career goals and beliefs, impacting their future employability and self-identity\u003csup\u003e7\u0026ndash;8\u003c/sup\u003e. Early career planning increases the likelihood of achieving desired positions, making the study of factors influencing university students' career development essential for workforce nurturing\u003csup\u003e9\u0026ndash;12\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial values refer to the standards by which society defines individual goals. Besides inherently shaping the nature and form of collective social order, social values involve societal perceptions of what is acceptable or unacceptable, what individuals should or should not do, and which behaviors are desirable or undesirable\u003csup\u003e13\u0026ndash;14\u003c/sup\u003e. Although there is considerable research on the correlation between personal social values and career development, viewpoints are divergent. Some studies suggest that personal social values influence students' future career choices\u003csup\u003e15\u0026ndash;16\u003c/sup\u003e, while others indicate that students' future career paths are independent of their social values \u003csup\u003e4,17\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork values refer to an individual\u0026rsquo;s perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs toward employment, especially regarding certain occupations\u003csup\u003e18\u0026ndash;19\u003c/sup\u003e. Scholars categorize work values into intrinsic and extrinsic values. Intrinsic work values include personal preferences, pride, leadership, responsibility, and altruism. In contrast, extrinsic work values relate to job outcomes like a comfortable work environment, higher salary, straightforward tasks, rest time, and social prestige\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e. Elizur\u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e (1984) and Ros\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e et al. (1999) subdivided work values into intrinsic, extrinsic, social, and prestige. Intrinsic values are about satisfaction and achievement from the job, and extrinsic values focus on material benefits, social values pertain to societal contributions, and prestige values involve respect and admiration from society. Work values significantly impact self-efficacy in career decisions and future career planning\u003csup\u003e22\u0026ndash;24\u003c/sup\u003e. Intrinsic values are more pivotal than extrinsic values in career development\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e. At North Carolina State University, veterinary students least prefer intrinsic values involving competition, public interaction, and physical challenges, while they value respect, achievement, and lifelong learning. Extrinsically, they prioritize receiving guidance, flexible scheduling, and a structured routine\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-efficacy, an individual's belief in their ability to complete tasks to achieve goals, is closely tied to intrinsic work values, not extrinsic ones\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e. It strongly influences personal career expectations, planning, and exploration\u003csup\u003e27\u0026ndash;30\u003c/sup\u003e. For example, confident Chinese adolescents can navigate their interests and abilities, facilitating personalized career exploration\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e. University or college students with high self-efficacy, particularly in their chosen field, overcome workplace obstacles more effectively\u003csup\u003e9,24,31\u003c/sup\u003e, leading to better career decision-making\u003csup\u003e32\u003c/sup\u003e. Additionally, self-efficacy and social support positively influence career development among Taiwanese university athletes\u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to Zhou\u003csup\u003e34\u003c/sup\u003e et al. (2009), only about 50% of graduates from the Department of Veterinary Medicine at National Taiwan University choose to work in animal healthcare; 30% engage in scientific research and teaching; the proportion of public sector veterinarians is the lowest (15%); and nearly 20% of graduates are involved in work unrelated to veterinary science. In other words, only 65% are engaged in the core field of veterinary medicine. This raises curiosity about the real reasons that influence Taiwanese veterinary students to choose to study veterinary medicine. Although there are numerous studies on the impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on career development\u003csup\u003e33\u003c/sup\u003e, research exploring these three variables' influence on Taiwanese veterinary students' career development is scarce. The researcher also aims to investigate the current status of social values, work values, and self-efficacy among Taiwanese veterinary students and whether these factors influence their career development. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of social value, work value, and self-efficacy on students' career development after controlling for students' background factors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAnalysis of Student' Background Information\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDetailed background information is presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. From Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, there is a higher proportion of female National Taiwan University Veterinary Medicine (NTUVM) students (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;66), the proportion of students in their first year or fifth year is similar, and a significant number have an annual family income between 1 to 2\u0026nbsp;million (43%). Veterinary medicine is the first choice for most students (78%), and a considerable portion have internship experience (76%), though clinical experience is less common (33%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackground information of NTUVM students (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Female\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Male\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrade\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Freshman\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Graduating Student\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Annual Income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Below 1 million\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u0026nbsp;million to below 2 million\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u0026nbsp;million to below 3 million\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Above 3 million\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVeterinary Medicine as First Choice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternship Experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e- No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.0%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDescription of Student's Social Value, Work Value, Self-Efficacy, and Career Development Information\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, NTUVM students consider the top three social values: 3) If I become a veterinarian, others will have a good impression of me, 2) Being a veterinarian will earn me positive regard, and 1) Being a veterinarian will lead to societal acceptance\u0026rdquo;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistical information on social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development of NTUVM students. (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstructs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe top three items prioritized by NTUVM students\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Being a veterinarian will lead to societal acceptance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.795\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Being a veterinarian will earn me positive regard.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.718\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. If I become a veterinarian, others will have a good impression of me.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.724\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. If I can become a veterinarian, I believe society will recognize me more.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.753\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"9\" rowspan=\"10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask Value 1: \"Veterinary work is autonomous.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.077\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask Value 2: \"Veterinary work is very challenging.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.796\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTask Value 3: \"Veterinary work provides ample opportunities to develop my potential.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeam Value 1: \"In the veterinary program, I can collaborate with my peers.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.764\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeam Value 2: \"I can work harmoniously with my peers.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.681\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeam Value 3: \"My peers and I can be honest with each other.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.967\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReward Value 1: \"The compensation for veterinary work is reasonable.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReward Value 2: \"The salary for veterinarians is high.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus Value 1: \"Opportunities for veterinary work are equal.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.879\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus Value 2: \"There are sufficient promotion opportunities in the veterinary profession.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.815\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. I believe that if I work hard enough, I can solve difficult problems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. I believe that if someone opposes me, I can still find a way to achieve my goals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. I find it easy to stick to my ideas and achieve my goals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.064\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf- Efficacy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. I am confident in my ability to handle unexpected situations efficiently.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. I believe I have ample resources to deal with unpredictable circumstances.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.980\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. I believe that if I put in the necessary effort, I can solve most problems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.880\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7. I believe I can stay calm when facing difficulties.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.867\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8. I believe I can come up with many solutions when facing problems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.913\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9. I believe I can persevere even in the face of adversity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.862\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10. I believe I can handle whatever happens in the future.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 1: \"Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to find a career that suits my personality.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.942\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 2: \"I am confident that veterinary medicine is the profession where I can best utilize my skills.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 3: \"Learning in the veterinary program allows me to choose the most suitable career from many industries.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.933\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 4: \"Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to gain more insight into the industry I like.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.796\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 5: \"I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will enable me to align my career with my skills, values, and interests.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.978\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 6: \"I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will allow me to make fully informed career choices.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 7: \"Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to better understand jobs that are important to me.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.790\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Self-Efficacy Decision 8: \"I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will help me determine the job that best matches my interests.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Coping Efficacy Decision 1: \"When my future career development does not go well, I am confident that I can face disappointment calmly.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.927\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Coping Efficacy Decision 2: \"If I find that my future in veterinary work is unsuccessful, I can handle negative emotions and seek other opportunities.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.937\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Coping Efficacy Decision 3: \"If I find that my ideal career goal is unattainable, I can choose a secondary goal.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCareer Coping Efficacy Decision 4: \"If I find that my preferred plan is unachievable, I will have alternative plans.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.953\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e*M\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Mean, SD\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Standard Deviation\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt can be observed that the top three prioritized work values among NTUVM students are Task Value 2: Veterinary work is very challenging, Team Value 1: In the veterinary program, I can collaborate with my peers, and Team Value 2: I can work harmoniously with my peers. As for self-efficacy, NTUVM students prioritized the following top three aspects: 6) I believe that if I put in the necessary effort, I can solve most problems, 2) I believe that if someone opposes me, I can still find ways to achieve my goals, and 9) I believe I can persevere even in the face of adversity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, concerning career development, the three most important options for NTUVM students are Career Self-Efficacy Decision 7: Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to better understand jobs, which are important to me, Career Self-Efficacy Decision 4: Studying veterinary medicine gives me enough confidence to gain more insight into the industry I like, and Career Self-Efficacy Decision 5: I am confident that studying veterinary medicine will enable me to align my career with my skills, values, and interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCorrelation Analysis of Social Value, Work Value, Self-Efficacy, and Career Development among NTUVM Students\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe correlation analysis results using Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant positive correlations among the dimensions of social value, work value, self-efficacy, and career development for veterinary students (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The correlation coefficients range from 0.338 to 0.710. According to the criteria for interpreting Pearson correlation coefficients, values between 0.3 and 0.7 indicate a moderate correlation\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation Analysis of Social Value, Work Value, Self-Efficacy, and Career Development among NTUVM Students (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.Social Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.667\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Work Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.548\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.345\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Self-Efficacy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.728\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.338\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.536\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Career Development\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.617\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.477\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.567\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.710\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMultiple Regression Analysis of the Impact of Social Value, Work Value, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development for NTUVM Students\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple regression analysis examined the influence of various factors on the career development of NTUVM students (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Whether veterinary studies were chosen first, internship experience and clinical experience were included in the regression model after the variables, gender, grade, and family annual income, were controlled. The model demonstrated statistical significance (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15.476, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.000), indicating its predictive power. \u0026#119877;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;.607, explaining that approximately 60.7% of the variance in career development among NTUVM students is accounted for by the predictor variables included in the model. Social value, work value, and self-efficacy emerged as significant positive predictors of career development for NTUVM students. Specifically, for each unit increase in social value, career development increased by .209 units. For each unit increase in work value, career development increased by .198 units, and for each unit increase in self-efficacy, career development increased by .516 units. Notably, self-efficacy showed the highest predictive power for future career development among NTUVM students.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple regression Summary of the Impact of Social Value, Work Value, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of NTUVM Students (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\beta\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(standard \\beta\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.836\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrade level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.086\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily Annual Income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.038\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.091\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVeterinary Studies as First Choice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.040\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternship Experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.073\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.271\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.329\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.194\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.209\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.186\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.240\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.223*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.329\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-Efficacy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.438\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.516\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.411\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eF(9,90)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15.476\u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.779\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.607\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eΔR\u0026sup2;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.558\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05, \u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.01, \u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003ep\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis is the first study in Taiwan to explore the influence of social value, work value, and self-efficacy on the career development of veterinary students. Generally, a Cronbach's alpha value exceeding 0.7 indicates a reasonable reliability of scales. Despite the inclusion of only 100 students in this study, we obtained a reasonably reliable outcome. Therefore, our hypotheses can be reasonably explained. In this study, we aimed to establish the relationship between students' social value, work value, self-efficacy, and the career development of NTU veterinary students. After controlling for students' gender, grade, family income, whether veterinary studies were their first choice, and whether they had an internship or clinical experience, we conducted multiple regression analysis using a forced-entry model. We successfully identified that these three factors - social value (\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.209), work value (β\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.198), and self-efficacy (\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.516) significantly influence students' career development. Self-efficacy emerged as the strongest predictor. Furthermore, students' background variables did not significantly affect the career development of NTU veterinary students.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerous studies have confirmed that work values influence individual career development\u003csup\u003e40\u0026ndash;41\u003c/sup\u003e and work engagement\u003csup\u003e42\u003c/sup\u003e. According to Choi et al.\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e (2013), intrinsic work values play a more significant role in shaping college students' career development than extrinsic work values. Snyder and Royal\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e (2019) highlighted three intrinsic work values as crucial for veterinary students: 1) finding joy in work, 2) feeling respected in one's job, and 3) achieving a sense of accomplishment. However, our research found that veterinary students at NTUVM prioritize different work values: 1) Veterinary work is challenging, 2) I can collaborate with peers in the veterinary program, and 3) I can work harmoniously with my peers. These findings differ from those of Snyder and Royal\u003csup\u003e25\u003c/sup\u003e (2019). This finding might stem from cultural differences, where Western students emphasize individualism, while Eastern students, particularly in Taiwan, prioritize collectivism and the importance of cooperation and harmonious group interactions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies in the U.S. and Italy have also found a significant positive relationship between academic self-efficacy and academic achievement\u003csup\u003e43\u0026ndash;45\u003c/sup\u003e. Higher self-efficacy is consistently linked to career exploration and decision-making among students\u003csup\u003e23,46\u0026ndash;48\u003c/sup\u003e. Research connects students' self-efficacy with career success\u003csup\u003e49\u003c/sup\u003e. Both high school and university students generally show moderate levels of self-efficacy, with no significant gender differences\u003csup\u003e49\u0026ndash;50\u003c/sup\u003e. In our study, self-efficacy was the most influential factor in students' career development, consistent with prior research. Even when considering variables like gender, year of study, family income, choice of major, internship and clinical experience, social values, and work values, self-efficacy remained the critical predictor of career development, aligning with findings in other fields, such as Indian accounting students\u003csup\u003e51\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, neither internship experience nor clinical experience emerged as significant factors affecting the career development of veterinary students at NTU. Interestingly, the absence of internship experience even showed a non-significant negative impact. Previous research has shown that internship experience does enhance the professional competence, confidence, and skills of veterinary students\u003csup\u003e52\u0026ndash;55\u003c/sup\u003e. According to these findings and logical reasoning, the presence or absence of internship experience should also influence students' career choices or development. Therefore, future investigations involving veterinary students from other universities or countries will likely provide more detailed answers to this question.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study acknowledges certain limitations, including the sample's specificity and the preliminary nature of the research limited to one university. Future directions for research are suggested, emphasizing the need to broaden the scope for a more comprehensive understanding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis article is the first study to explore the career development of veterinary students at National Taiwan University using social values, work values, and self-efficacy. The results revealed that social values, work values, and self-efficacy significantly impact their future career development. However, clinical experience, internship experience, and whether veterinary medicine was their first choice did not influence these students\u0026apos; career development. Despite its limitations, this study provides a valuable foundation for future research in veterinary education.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003ch2\u003eParticipants and Ethics Issue\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe participants were selected through purposive sampling. The National Taiwan University IRB approved the study; the number was NTU-REC No: 202209HS016. And the validity of this approval was from October 18, 2022, to December 31, 2022. \u0026nbsp;First-year students (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e=60) and graduating students (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e=55) from the veterinary department of National Taiwan University (NTU) were invited to join the study. All informed consent was obtained from participants. The questionnaires were distributed from October 20\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e to November 3rd, 2022. In total, one hundred and ten questionnaires were distributed, and finally, 100 valid responses were collected, resulting in a response rate of 90.9%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMeasurement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA questionnaire survey was employed to investigate the impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on the future career development of National Taiwan University (NTU) veterinary students. The questionnaire comprises five sections: students\u0026rsquo; background information, social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development. The study utilized SPSS 26 for internal consistency analysis (Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s \u0026alpha;) and exploratory factor analysis to assess the construct validity of each scale. In this study, demographic variables included\u0026nbsp;Gender, Grade year in school, Family annual income, Veterinary medicine as the first choice for veterinary students to attend university, Internship experience, and Clinical work experience. Independent Variables included Social value, Work value, and Self-efficacy. The dependent variable was Career development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSocial Values Scale:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe social value scale was adapted from Hsiao \u0026amp; Chen\u003csup\u003e35\u003c/sup\u003e (2018) and consisted of four items with a Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe scale\u0026rsquo;s internal consistency reliability, as measured by Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s \u0026alpha;, was 0.914. The factor loadings of the scale ranged from 0.808 to 0.901, explaining 79.78% of the variance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWork Values Scale:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on Cheng, Yang, Wan, and Chu\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003e (2013), this study divided work values into four dimensions: task value, team value, reward value, and status value. Task value refers to the internal satisfaction from completing work; team value refers to the satisfaction from cooperation and mutual assistance; reward value refers to the external satisfaction from work rewards; and status value refers to the perceived additional value such as equal opportunities or advancement.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe survey includes ten items using a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Higher scores indicate a more robust endorsement of these work values. The overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach\u0026apos;s \u0026alpha;) is 0.780, with subscale reliabilities of 0.713 for task value, 0.847 for team value, 0.876 for reward value, and 0.756 for status value.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrincipal axis factor extraction and Promax rotation identified four distinct factors: team value (loadings 0.705 to 0.983), reward value (0.722 to 1.023), task value (0.525 to 0.879), and status value (0.479 to 0.957), explaining 79.75% of the variance in work values.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSelf-Efficacy Scale:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSelf-efficacy refers to the individual\u0026apos;s total and comprehensive conscious ability, that is, the individual\u0026apos;s belief and attitude about whether he can confidently complete the task. In this study, the questionnaire of Schwarzer and Jerusalem\u003csup\u003e37\u003c/sup\u003e (1995) was modified, and ten questions were designed. Each item was measured on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Increasing scores indicate a more significant agreement from participants with the descriptions of self-efficacy items. The internal consistency reliability of the scale is 0.915.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA single factor was extracted through principal axis factor extraction and Promax rotation with factor loadings ranging from 0.630 to 0.839. This factor explains 57.45% of the variance in self-efficacy.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCareer Development Scale:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey were adopted from Lent, Ezeofor, Morrison, Penn \u0026amp; Ireland\u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003e (2016) with two dimensions: Career decision self-efficacy (CASE) and career decision coping efficacy (CACE). Twelve items with a Likert scale,\u0026nbsp;ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The higher the score, the more the participants agreed with the content description of the career development scale. The overall internal consistency reliability of the entire scale is 0.892. The internal consistency reliability for the Career decision self-efficacy subscale is 0.943, and 0.892 for the Career decision coping efficacy subscale. Factor analysis revealed two factors: Career Self-Efficacy Decision, with factor loadings ranging from 0.708 to 0.889, and Career Coping Efficacy Decision, with factor loadings ranging from 0.777 to 0.858. Those factors account for 73.95% of the variance in the explanation of NTU veterinary student career development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics were employed to analyze the background factors of NTUVM students\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;and\u003c/em\u003e their social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development. Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to examine the relationships among NTUVM students\u0026rsquo; social values, work values, self-efficacy, and career development. Multiple regression analysis is employed to \u003cem\u003einvestigate\u003c/em\u003e the impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on the career development of NTU veterinary students after controlling for background variables using SPSS 26 software. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Framework and Hypotheses\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research framework is described in Figure 1. The hypotheses are listed as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH1: The social values of students in the veterinary program at NTU significantly impact their career development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH2: The social values of students in the veterinary program at NTU significantly impact their career development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH3: The social values of students in the veterinary program at NTU significantly impact their career development.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch1\u003eData availability\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData is provided within the manuscript or supplementary information files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePCH carried out statistical analysis and content writing. ZWL did literature collection and organization. CHC surveyed veterinary medicine students, and JML completed the overall study design and final content revisions for coherence and clarity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eORCID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJyhmirn Lai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-1526\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHoussein, A. A., Singh, J. S. K., \u0026amp; Arumugam, T. Retention of employees through career development, employee engagement and work-life balance: An empirical study among employees in the financial sector in Djibouti, East Africa. Global Business and Management Research, 12(3), 17\u0026ndash;32 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWildiana, E., Taufik, T., \u0026amp; Diyanto, V.. 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Veterinary students at National Taiwan University were recruited as participants in this study. The social value, work value, self-efficacy, and career development scale reliabilities were 0.914, 0.780, 0.915, and 0.892, respectively. The data was analyzed by using the multiple regression method. After controlling students\u0026rsquo; gender and grades, whether veterinary medicine was the first choice or had clinical or internship experience, students\u0026rsquo; social values, work values, and self-efficacy positively affected students\u0026rsquo; career development, and students\u0026rsquo; self-efficacy was the most significantly predicted factor in their career development. We suggest that the veterinary medicine faculty should be attentive to this trend when designing the curriculum, as the study confirms the positive impact of social values, work values, and self-efficacy on students\u0026rsquo; career development. In the future, we will recruit students from the five veterinary schools in Taiwan to conduct this study again to understand better how their social values, work values, and self-efficacy affect Taiwanese veterinary students\u0026rsquo; career development.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Impact of Social Values, Work Values, and Self-Efficacy on Career Development of Veterinary Medicine Students","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-18 20:06:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4571672/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f67d53b2-f50f-4cf4-ad5e-f68f76afcb98","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":34457829,"name":"Biological sciences/Psychology"},{"id":34457830,"name":"Health sciences/Health occupations"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-02T12:24:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-18 20:06:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4571672","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4571672","identity":"rs-4571672","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}