Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Sociodemographic Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in the All Of Us Biobank

ABSTRACT Importance All of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into the etiology of psychiatric disorders and disparities across various sociodemographic categories. Objective To estimate the prevalence, comorbidity, and demographic covariates of psychiatric and substance use disorders in the All of Us biobank. Design, Setting, and Participants We estimated prevalence, overlap, and demographic correlates for psychiatric disorders derived from electronic health records in the All of Us biobank (release 5; N = 331,380) Exposures Social and demographic covariates. Main Outcome and Measures Psychiatric disorders derived from ICD10CM codes and grouped into phecodes across six broad domains: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. Results The prevalence of various disorders ranges from approximately 15% to less than 1%, with mood and anxiety disorders being the most common, followed by substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. There is substantial overlap among disorders, with a large portion of those with a disorder (~57%) having two or more registered diagnoses and tetrachoric correlations ranging from 0.43 – 0.74. The prevalence of disorders across demographic categories demonstrates that non-Hispanic whites, those of low socioeconomic status, women and those assigned female at birth, and sexual minorities are at greatest risk for most disorders. Conclusions and Relevance Although the rates of disorders in All of Us are lower than rates for disorders in the general population, there is considerable variation, comorbidity, and differences across social groups. Large-scale resources like All of Us will prove to be invaluable for understanding the causes and consequences of psychiatric conditions. As we move towards an era of precision medicine, we must work to ensure it is delivered in an equitable manner.