Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Viral Replication Cycle: New Paradigms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Liquid-elastic phase separation (LLP) has become an important concept to understand how biomolecular condensate is performed in eukaryote cells, providing a unique opportunity for the virus to take advantage of this system during infections. There is an increasing collection of evidence that suggests that LLPs play a role in almost every stage of the viral life cycle, from early entrance and replication to genome packaging, immunoque and final release. This review collects recent findings of how different viruses utilize LLP to create special, membranous spaces that collect viral and host components, replicate replication efficiency and avoid the host defense. It also engages in potential therapeutic strategies aimed to target viral LLP, such as disrupting scaffolding protein interactions, changing the properties of condensate and disrupting changes after translation. While these approaches reflect promises, they face obstacles related to the unique, distribution and complex role of LLP in both hosts immune. Getting a deeper understanding of molecular complications of viral LLP, it would be important to develop innovative antiviral strategies, such as the functions of the internal and RNA structure, internal and the RNA structure. As the research develops, LLPS provides a new structure form to understand viral pathogenesis and drug discovery.