Factors impacting new bone formation in transcrestal sinus floor elevation followed by implant placement: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate factors related to NBF following simultaneous implant placement with transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE).Materials and methodsBetween 2008 and 2020, 357 implants (276 patients) were placed with TSFE. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at the preoperative, postoperative, restoration, and follow-up stages. Marginal bone loss, new bone formation (NBF) during healing, and the survival rate were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsImplant protrusion lengths (3–5 mm) significantly influenced NBF during the healing period ( P-value  = 0.026, Odds Ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.30). Bone grafting was correlated with NBF ( P-value  = 0.001). The distance between the implant and lateral wall of the sinus (mesial: P-value  = 0.041, distal: P-value  = 0.019, buccal: P-value  = 0.032, lingual: P-value  = 0.043) and angle between the implant and sinus floor significantly influenced NBF in four directions (mesial: P-value  = 0.041, distal: P-value  = 0.02, buccal: P-value  = 0.047, lingual: P-value  = 0.005). Implant shape (cylindrical or conical), perforations, smoking, and diabetes did not significantly affect NBF during the healing period ( P  > 0.05).ConclusionIncreasing the distance and angle between the implant and lateral wall of the sinus floor corresponded with lesser NBF. Implant protrusion length (IPL) may be an important factor that should be considered. Clinical Relevance: Our study analyzed new bone formation following transcrestal sinus floor elevation among patients who underwent this procedure with simultaneous implant placement, several factors (including angle and distance between sinus and lateral wall and implant protrusion length) were included in our study.