Study the Impact of Fuel Cell Integration in Hybrid Autonomous Systems on Technical-Economic Performance

Study the Impact of Fuel Cell Integration in Hybrid Autonomous Systems on Technical-Economic Performance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study the Impact of Fuel Cell Integration in Hybrid Autonomous Systems on Technical-Economic Performance Mebarka BAYOUD, Sihem GHOUDELBOURK, Belgacem Mohamed Nassim BOUZIDI This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4220032/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Renewable resources are increasingly acknowledged as a crucial solution to address escalating energy demands and combat heightened greenhouse gas emissions within conventional energy systems. This research delves into the techno-economic feasibility of incorporating fuel cell systems into stand-alone hybrid systems tailored to electrify a community load situated in Annaba, northeastern Algeria. This load averages 6.9 kW of power and requires 165.59 kWh/day annually. Employing HOMER software, a comprehensive comparative analysis of four distinct hybrid power system configurations—namely PV/BAT, PV/BAT/DG, PV/BAT/FC, and PV/BAT/FC/DG—was conducted to pinpoint the most optimal solution in meeting energy demands. Parameters such as net present cost, energy cost, energy surplus, load satisfaction, and CO2 emissions were considered. Additionally, the study addressed the environmental impact and evaluated the impact of varying storage battery fleet sizes on the total cost of the power system. Among the configurations scrutinized, the PV/BAT/FC/DG hybrid system emerged as the most favorable option, striking a well-balanced compromise between PV penetration efficiency, energy cost, and system stability. Moreover, the findings highlight the benefits of integrating fuel cell technology into the hybrid system, including minimizing excess energy, reducing the necessity for DG interventions, and optimizing the size of the battery bank. Photovoltaic (PV) Diesel generator (DG) Battery (BAT) Fuel cell (FC) Hybrid System Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4220032","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":287921056,"identity":"c6042991-8ec7-4bfc-8764-4c45a15f9889","order_by":0,"name":"Mebarka BAYOUD","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Badji Mokhtar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mebarka","middleName":"","lastName":"BAYOUD","suffix":""},{"id":287921057,"identity":"892c65d9-5500-48f3-b6ec-96dbe05a4e9e","order_by":1,"name":"Sihem GHOUDELBOURK","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHiBmY5AxAFKMDRUMDCAGQwURWnggWs5AtZwhWktjGxFa5PvXHnzMU2bDY87eY/Zx5rzD8ubszQcYDu7BrcXgxrtkY55zaTyWPWeMZ27cdthwZ8+xBIYDz/BokThjJs3bdpjH4EaOMePDbYcZN9zIMWD+cACPw2aAtfyHaplz2B6kheEAHi0M53tAWg5AtGxsOJxIUIvBDR5jwznnkoF+OVbMOONYevKGM8cSDuDTIt9/xvDBmzI7OWBAbWbsqbG23XC8+eADvA6TSEDhNoNJfBoYGPhRpevwKh4Fo2AUjIKRCQC7aVqgrVXZ4QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Badji Mokhtar University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sihem","middleName":"","lastName":"GHOUDELBOURK","suffix":""},{"id":287921058,"identity":"3a318f72-6435-4f20-9238-ed61de0bc69e","order_by":2,"name":"Belgacem Mohamed Nassim BOUZIDI","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Djelfa","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Belgacem","middleName":"Mohamed Nassim","lastName":"BOUZIDI","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-04 23:44:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4220032/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4220032/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62230114,"identity":"779a951c-1f60-4a5e-818d-fd80a12d9eb4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-11 17:44:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":879458,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"StudytheImpactofFuelCellIntegrationinHybridAutonomousSystemsonTechnicalEconomicPerformance.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4220032/v1_covered_0d74ae3d-cf54-40b7-be19-00b54899eeb7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study the Impact of Fuel Cell Integration in Hybrid Autonomous Systems on Technical-Economic Performance","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Photovoltaic (PV), Diesel generator (DG), Battery (BAT), Fuel cell (FC), Hybrid System","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4220032/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4220032/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRenewable resources are increasingly acknowledged as a crucial solution to address escalating energy demands and combat heightened greenhouse gas emissions within conventional energy systems. 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