Environmental and Anthropogenic impact on Conservation and Sustainability of Marine Fish Diversity

Abstract Marine fish biodiversity and conservation linking to human livelihood around the coast were carried out during 2019 by survey and personal interviews to study the effects of environmental and anthropogenic issues on marine fish diversity changes which affect the sustainability. 42 finfish, 6 crabs, and 1 shrimp belonging to 3 groups collected along the coastal zone were authenticated by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI). The fish species diversity index was estimated showed that alpha and beta biodiversity were prevalent compared to gamma fish diversity in the study zone. The collected fish species were compared with International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threatened lists and found 51% least concerned. The Principle Component Analysis done for the livelihood status age group, religious, education, houses, training, graft and gear of fishermen exhibited 93.6% and 4.3% variations. The observed 51% least concerned species in the study zone implies species declination due to overexploitation of the natural sources. The study recommends strict conservation measures to be implemented to ensure sustainability and conservation of fish diversity. The fish conservation is a crucial factor for the sustainability of the human lively hood