Luminescence and thermometric properties of Ba2LaSbO6:Eu3+/g-C3N4 mixed materials

Luminescence and thermometric properties of Ba2LaSbO6:Eu3+/g-C3N4 mixed materials | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Luminescence and thermometric properties of Ba 2 LaSbO 6 :Eu 3+ /g-C 3 N 4 mixed materials Zitong Zhang, Shuixian Yao, Jun Cheng, Fangfang Hu, Rongfei Wei, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7108941/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Fluorescence → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this study, a series of Ba 2 La 1 − x SbO 6 : x Eu 3+ ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) phosphors and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) powders were synthesized via high-temperature solid-phase method. Their structural and luminescent properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectra. Upon excitation at 273 nm, Ba 2 LaSO 6 :Eu 3+ exhibits pronounced red emission, demonstrating anti-thermal quenching behavior within temperature range of 313–453 K. At 453 K, its emission intensity reaches 131.3% of its initial intensity measured at 313 K. In contrast, g-C 3 N 4 shows rapid thermal quenching, with emission intensity dropping to 7.6% at 573 K compared to that at 313 K. A mixed material, prepared with an optimal mass ratio of 1:1.5 between Ba 2 LaSO 6 :0.1Eu 3+ and g-C 3 N 4 , demonstrates dual-mode thermometric performance. Using fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR), the maximum absolute sensitivity ( S a ) and relative sensitivity ( S r ) are determined to be 1.34% K − 1 (522 K) and 1.53% K − 1 (368 K), respectively. Temperature characterization using color coordinate (CIE) shifts achieves maximum S a and S r values of 0.12% K − 1 (313 K) and 0.44% K − 1 (313 K), respectively. Additionally, the mixed material exhibits excellent repeatability, achieving repeatability parameter ( R ) of 98.8% for FIR and 98.9% for CIE measurements across five temperature cycles. These results underscore potential of the mixed material for self-calibrating optical thermometers. Ba2LaSbO6:Eu3+ g-C3N4 Optical thermometry FIR CIE Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Fluorescence → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 20 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 14 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 12 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7108941","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":497158902,"identity":"49c396c6-71a0-48e8-a7e7-21698b576cef","order_by":0,"name":"Zitong Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zitong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":497158903,"identity":"dc3b02d1-353a-4bf6-837c-0419051475b0","order_by":1,"name":"Shuixian Yao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang Normal 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15:08:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7108941/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7108941/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04580-9","type":"published","date":"2025-10-06T15:57:21+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93419809,"identity":"66c9b6df-3013-454f-b6e2-8e50e0c45cb6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 16:07:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1396176,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7108941/v1_covered_59543e45-148a-47d2-87f6-74d89a624aa1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eLuminescence and thermometric properties of Ba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eLaSbO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e:Eu\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e/g-C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e mixed materials\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-fluorescence","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jofl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Fluorescence](https://www.springer.com/journal/10895)","snPcode":"10895","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10895/3","title":"Journal of Fluorescence","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Ba2LaSbO6:Eu3+, g-C3N4, Optical thermometry, FIR, CIE","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7108941/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7108941/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, a series of Ba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eLa\u003csub\u003e1\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003eSbO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e:\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003eEu\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) phosphors and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) powders were synthesized via high-temperature solid-phase method. Their structural and luminescent properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectra. Upon excitation at 273 nm, Ba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eLaSO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e:Eu\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e exhibits pronounced red emission, demonstrating anti-thermal quenching behavior within temperature range of 313\u0026ndash;453 K. At 453 K, its emission intensity reaches 131.3% of its initial intensity measured at 313 K. In contrast, g-C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e shows rapid thermal quenching, with emission intensity dropping to 7.6% at 573 K compared to that at 313 K. A mixed material, prepared with an optimal mass ratio of 1:1.5 between Ba\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eLaSO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e:0.1Eu\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e and g-C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, demonstrates dual-mode thermometric performance. Using fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR), the maximum absolute sensitivity (\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003ea\u003c/sub\u003e) and relative sensitivity (\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003er\u003c/sub\u003e) are determined to be 1.34% K\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (522 K) and 1.53% K\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (368 K), respectively. Temperature characterization using color coordinate (CIE) shifts achieves maximum \u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003ea\u003c/sub\u003e and \u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003er\u003c/sub\u003e values of 0.12% K\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (313 K) and 0.44% K\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e (313 K), respectively. Additionally, the mixed material exhibits excellent repeatability, achieving repeatability parameter (\u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e) of 98.8% for FIR and 98.9% for CIE measurements across five temperature cycles. These results underscore potential of the mixed material for self-calibrating optical thermometers.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Luminescence and thermometric properties of Ba2LaSbO6:Eu3+/g-C3N4 mixed materials","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-11 18:54:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7108941/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-08-20T11:38:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-19T14:17:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-15T02:30:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"38070977761417338570386520940915302104","date":"2025-08-07T12:18:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"205294702158323976617460061578294910527","date":"2025-08-07T00:36:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-06T12:55:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-25T09:03:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-07-25T08:59:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Fluorescence","date":"2025-07-12T15:02:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-fluorescence","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jofl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Fluorescence](https://www.springer.com/journal/10895)","snPcode":"10895","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10895/3","title":"Journal of Fluorescence","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"891c3fbd-9e7f-4ca8-8ce8-fbc32192b4cf","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 11th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-13T16:03:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7108941","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04580-9","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-fluorescence","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Fluorescence"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-06 15:57:21","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 6th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-11 18:54:38","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10895-025-04580-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-025-04580-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7108941","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7108941","identity":"rs-7108941","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}