Foundational Pillars of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Energy Trading in Smart grid using Blockchain

Foundational Pillars of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Energy Trading in Smart grid using Blockchain | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review Foundational Pillars of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Energy Trading in Smart grid using Blockchain Kamini Singh, Shashank Narayana Gowda, Chen Zhang, Rachel Schienberg, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6703573/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This work aims to present a global thorough review of peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. P2P is an emerging bi-directional bilateral energy-trading model. For a P2P trading a player must find an optimal energy buyer/seller as per available network capacity complying with trading rules. This work identifies these requirements as three pillars of P2P trading: power market economics, network capacity allocation, and trading policy and regulation. Market economics contributes all the way from optimal determination of bidding strategy to market settlement for a player’s maximum payoff. A system operator ensures system stability by optimally allocating the network capacity for a requested P2P transaction in the power system. Whereas the trading policy and regulations aid in dispute minimization by controlling the players’ impromptu and irrational trading behavior. A successful P2P transaction requires a synergy between these three stated pillars, yet no previous works have studied them and their impacts collectively. Among the different reported literature in P2P trading, 60–65% have focused on a P2P business model design using market economics, 35–38% on power system for optimal network scheduling and capacity allocation, and 1–2% of which only have delved on the P2P trading policy and regulations requirements. This work articulates each pillar’s significance and reasoning for their interventions at different timestamps in a P2P transaction. A stepwise prosumer-to-business novel blockchain-led P2P model is designed to showcase the same for a comprehensive understanding. Further, a game theory-based numerical optimization model considering network constraints is demonstrated to clarify the problem formulation approach of P2P trading. Environmental Policy Environmental Economics Environmental Engineering Bidding strategy blockchain numerical optimization game theory peer-to-peer trading policy and regulation power system network prosumer-to-business mode Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6703573","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":459061100,"identity":"b9724846-8c21-48ba-91c4-36783f12c03c","order_by":0,"name":"Kamini 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