Acarous calamus L. based nano-bio formulation as an alternative to synthetic fungicides against Aspergillus flavus Link

Acarous calamus L. based nano-bio formulation as an alternative to synthetic fungicides against Aspergillus flavus Link | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Acarous calamus L. based nano-bio formulation as an alternative to synthetic fungicides against Aspergillus flavus Link Vaishnavi Kanagasabai, Pakeerathan Kandiah, Ganeshalingam Sashikesh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619999/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Carcinogenic Aflatoxins producing Aspergillus flavus contaminate food crops and pose health risks to humans and livestock. Synthetic fungicides are commonly used to control A. flavus, but they can have negative environmental and health impacts. Acarous calamus L., also known as sweet flag, is a plant with potential antifungal properties. Nanotechnology can enhance the effectiveness of plant extracts by increasing their surface area and allowing for better penetration. Current study focused to explore nano-bio formulation of A.calamus silver nanoparticle and comparative study of its efficacy on growth inhibition and reproduction of A. flavus. All the experiments were conducted in Complete Randomized Design (CRD), and data were subjected ANOVA using SAS 9.1 and Tukey's HSD multiple comparison test was used to determine the best treatment combination at P <0.05. The Jasco V-570 UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer results confirmed that the silver nanoparticle was synthesized at the optimum condition of optimum volume was found to as 25 mL of 0.01 mol L(-1) of silver nitrate, optimum time was found as 210 minutes with the absorption peak range of 400 nm - 500 nm. SEM characterization captured the AgNPs size varies from 0.11µm to 2.23µm. AgNPs concentration of 0.02 g inhibit the growth by 50% compared to A. calamus water extracts and >90% reduction in spore production reduction at . Moreover, growth inhibition percentage and rate spore production of A. flavus in Ag-Nano particle inoculated treatments were perfectly corelated with the R2 value of 0.96 at P <0.01& 0.05. This study concludes Nano-bio formulations show enhanced the efficiency and promise of plant-based solution as a natural fungicide against A. flavus. Field research is underway to fully understand the potential of this Nano-bio formulations. Aflatoxin Aspergillus flavus Green synthesis of nanoparticles Silver nanoparticles Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor revisions 11 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 31 Jan, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Dec, 2024 First submitted to journal 10 Dec, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5619999","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":409395068,"identity":"3f4be1e4-961b-488f-acf0-a5c29369d67e","order_by":0,"name":"Vaishnavi Kanagasabai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jaffna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vaishnavi","middleName":"","lastName":"Kanagasabai","suffix":""},{"id":409395069,"identity":"5be43825-cf68-4007-858f-f0d9dc8eb689","order_by":1,"name":"Pakeerathan Kandiah","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-3481","institution":"University of Jaffna","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pakeerathan","middleName":"","lastName":"Kandiah","suffix":""},{"id":409395070,"identity":"40b49f63-a913-43ca-aa7f-523d7411052c","order_by":2,"name":"Ganeshalingam Sashikesh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Jaffna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ganeshalingam","middleName":"","lastName":"Sashikesh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-11 01:22:59","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619999/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619999/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":75365190,"identity":"ffee94ec-f435-43ad-a873-016c51383d44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-03 18:58:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":841777,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FinalIndianjournalofmicrobiology21112024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5619999/v1_covered_3a21f294-6520-475b-90ed-35a84df28274.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Acarous calamus L. based nano-bio formulation as an alternative to synthetic fungicides against Aspergillus flavus Link","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"chemical-papers","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"chpa","sideBox":"Learn more about [Chemical Papers](http://link.springer.com/journal/11696)","snPcode":"11696","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/CHPA/default.aspx","title":"Chemical Papers","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Aflatoxin, Aspergillus flavus, Green synthesis of nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619999/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5619999/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Carcinogenic Aflatoxins producing Aspergillus flavus contaminate food crops and pose health risks to humans and livestock. Synthetic fungicides are commonly used to control A. flavus, but they can have negative environmental and health impacts. Acarous calamus L., also known as sweet flag, is a plant with potential antifungal properties. Nanotechnology can enhance the effectiveness of plant extracts by increasing their surface area and allowing for better penetration. Current study focused to explore nano-bio formulation of A.calamus silver nanoparticle and comparative study of its efficacy on growth inhibition and reproduction of A. flavus. All the experiments were conducted in Complete Randomized Design (CRD), and data were subjected ANOVA using SAS 9.1 and Tukey's HSD multiple comparison test was used to determine the best treatment combination at P \u0026lt;0.05. The Jasco V-570 UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer results confirmed that the silver nanoparticle was synthesized at the optimum condition of optimum volume was found to as 25 mL of 0.01 mol L(-1) of silver nitrate, optimum time was found as 210 minutes with the absorption peak range of 400 nm - 500 nm. SEM characterization captured the AgNPs size varies from 0.11µm to 2.23µm. AgNPs concentration of 0.02 g inhibit the growth by 50% compared to A. calamus water extracts and \u0026gt;90% reduction in spore production reduction at . Moreover, growth inhibition percentage and rate spore production of A. flavus in Ag-Nano particle inoculated treatments were perfectly corelated with the R2 value of 0.96 at P \u0026lt;0.01\u0026amp; 0.05. This study concludes Nano-bio formulations show enhanced the efficiency and promise of plant-based solution as a natural fungicide against A. flavus. 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