Strategic Design of CTF/MoS₂@PANI Hybrid Material for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Synergistic Properties for Supercapacitors

Strategic Design of CTF/MoS₂@PANI Hybrid Material for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Synergistic Properties for Supercapacitors | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Strategic Design of CTF/MoS₂@PANI Hybrid Material for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Synergistic Properties for Supercapacitors Muhammad Ashraf, Mirjalol Ismoilov, Muhammad Farhan Manzoor, Asadullayeva S.G, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8906369/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Hydrogen generation via the electrocatalytic water splitting using metal-free nanostructures represents a promising and sustainable green approach. This study presents a strategic design of hybrid nanostructured electrochemical catalysts comprising covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and polyaniline (PANI) for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and advanced energy storage applications. High HER performance of the CTF-based hybrid is ascribed to isolated single nitrogen and phosphorus active sites, which synergistically enhance catalytic activity and leverage the material’s large surface area. Electrochemical investigations in a three-electrode setup with 3 M KOH electrolyte reveal a remarkable specific charge (Q s ) of 1285 C g⁻¹ at a current density (J d ) of 1.0 A/g. A two-electrode assembly (CTF/MoS 2 @PANI//AC), the hybrid demonstrates an energy density (E d ) of 91.4 Wh/kg, power density (P d ) of 1600 W/kg, specific charge (Q s ) of 240 C/g, columbic efficiency of 86.3%, and cycling stability with 76.9% capacity retention over 12,000 GCD cycles. These results highlight the potential of CTF/MoS 2 @PANI as a high-performance substrate for asymmetric supercapacitors and HER applications for next-generation energy technologies. Hydrogen Evolution Reaction CTFs MoS2 CTF/MoS2@PANI Energy density Power density Capacity retention Columbic efficiency and Overpotentials Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8906369","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":606121473,"identity":"822b99b6-c344-4f18-b73e-21e222ad9e89","order_by":0,"name":"Muhammad Ashraf","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Riphah International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Ashraf","suffix":""},{"id":606121474,"identity":"b4aa8b82-c867-4c3d-acb5-91686c662d4b","order_by":1,"name":"Mirjalol Ismoilov","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Biruni","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mirjalol","middleName":"","lastName":"Ismoilov","suffix":""},{"id":606121477,"identity":"a8b5c13a-46ec-4fc2-8500-642830add335","order_by":2,"name":"Muhammad Farhan Manzoor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Riphah International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Farhan","lastName":"Manzoor","suffix":""},{"id":606121478,"identity":"b14ce3ac-2537-48ad-9f7d-37f7b4a294c7","order_by":3,"name":"Asadullayeva S.G","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Physics, Ministry of Science and Education","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asadullayeva","middleName":"","lastName":"S.G","suffix":""},{"id":606121479,"identity":"054cdbfa-8215-4f45-b6c9-ffba9ab8dbdb","order_by":4,"name":"Muhammad Arslan Sunny","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Riphah International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"Arslan","lastName":"Sunny","suffix":""},{"id":606121480,"identity":"7d2a177e-4d14-4d6f-8341-c35153c332f9","order_by":5,"name":"Summaira khan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Riphah International University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Summaira","middleName":"","lastName":"khan","suffix":""},{"id":606121485,"identity":"4167b52e-e01c-43db-8a24-e36f1a0910e7","order_by":6,"name":"Abhinav Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abhinav","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumar","suffix":""},{"id":606121486,"identity":"6866c95e-62fd-42d2-8f93-c7f915fe7e98","order_by":7,"name":"Sahar G. 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This study presents a strategic design of hybrid nanostructured electrochemical catalysts comprising covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e), and polyaniline (PANI) for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and advanced energy storage applications. High HER performance of the CTF-based hybrid is ascribed to isolated single nitrogen and phosphorus active sites, which synergistically enhance catalytic activity and leverage the material\u0026rsquo;s large surface area. Electrochemical investigations in a three-electrode setup with 3 M KOH electrolyte reveal a remarkable specific charge (Q\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e) of 1285 C g⁻\u0026sup1; at a current density (J\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) of 1.0 A/g. A two-electrode assembly (CTF/MoS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e@PANI//AC), the hybrid demonstrates an energy density (E\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) of 91.4 Wh/kg, power density (P\u003csub\u003ed\u003c/sub\u003e) of 1600 W/kg, specific charge (Q\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e) of 240 C/g, columbic efficiency of 86.3%, and cycling stability with 76.9% capacity retention over 12,000 GCD cycles. These results highlight the potential of CTF/MoS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e@PANI as a high-performance substrate for asymmetric supercapacitors and HER applications for next-generation energy technologies.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Strategic Design of CTF/MoS₂@PANI Hybrid Material for Energy Storage and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Synergistic Properties for Supercapacitors","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-16 10:51:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8906369/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d6143be9-4526-4f96-8358-254fc2124101","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 16th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-19T14:25:21+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-16 10:51:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8906369","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8906369","identity":"rs-8906369","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}