Novel Donor–Acceptor Based 4-Nitrophenol luminophors as a Yellow-Orange Fluorescent Material for Optoelectronic Applications

Novel Donor–Acceptor Based 4-Nitrophenol luminophors as a Yellow-Orange Fluorescent Material for Optoelectronic Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Novel Donor–Acceptor Based 4-Nitrophenol luminophors as a Yellow-Orange Fluorescent Material for Optoelectronic Applications K. G. Mane, S. R. Pujari, V. Shahabade, P. B. Nagore This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4728719/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of Fluorescence → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A new category of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) luminophores, infused with differing quantities of Pyrene (Py), was synthesized using the standard solid-state reaction method to explore novel luminophores emitting at longer wavelengths. Their optical and electrochemical properties were analyzed through fluorimetry and Cyclic Voltammetry techniques, respectively. The fluorescence spectrum of Py-doped 4-NP exhibited a broad fluorescence band peaking at 599 nm for a Py concentration of 1x10 − 3 mol, confirming exciplex formation between 4-NP and Py in the excited state. Based on electrochemical data, the energy levels of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) were determined for the prepared luminophores, falling in between 5.72–5.73 eV and 3.01–3.08 eV, respectively. Thermal stableness was assessed via TGA analysis, while SEM images revealed crystal sizes of approximately 115 nm. Consequently, this comprehensive investigation suggests the potential utility of these newly developed yellow-orange fluorescent luminophores in optoelectronic applications. Yellow-orange light emission Exciplex Fluorescence sensitization Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 1. Introduction In the contemporary landscape, the fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) and devices like light-emitting diodes has garnered significant attention from researchers globally. Also an green-yellow-orange light emitting materials, ranging from 500 to 650 nm, finds diverse applications in scientific and technical fields such as atmospheric monitoring, environmental studies, biomedicine, and displays. Specifically, a stable and efficient orange-red light emission around 610 nm is crucial for quantum information processing applications [1–5]. Nevertheless, there remains a shortage of reliable continuous-wave orange-red light sources within the 585–640 nm wavelength range. Hence, understanding energy restructure and transmission in polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has become crucial. Various fluorescence phenomena such as quenching, excimer or exciplex emission, and emission due to charge transfer have been considered to study organoluminophores. In recent years, various doped organic semiconducting materials have been synthesized using different donor-acceptor combinations. Examples include tetracene doped p-terphenyl (p-TP), biphenyl (By) induced Py, Py and perylene (Pery) doped fluorine, tetracene (TN) and anthracene (AN) doped By, AN doped 2-naphthol (2-NP), TN and AN doped 2-NP, and TN and AN doped (p-TP) [6–11]. In the context of this study, the researchers synthesized blue and green light emitting materials using organic compounds like AN, TN, and 4-NP, etc. and subsequently investigated their characteristic properties. Excimer and exciplex emission phenomena are commonly observed in such a PAHs. However, exciplex formation, particularly in Py and other PAHs, requires careful selection of the host molecule. Py, with its high fluorescence, serves as an effective donor in exciplex formation with biphenyl, while 4-NP provides a suitable matrix for achieving a homogeneous solid solution of Py [12–14]. This article primarily focuses on synthesis of 4-NP luminophores with varying Py concentrations and investigates the photophysics of the light emitted. The emission of 4-NP which is weak violet colour is shifted to higher wavelength, on addition of different Py concentration i.e. intense yellow-orange coloured emission by reason of exciplex formation of 4-NP with Py. These synthesis of yellow-orange-light-emitting luminophores of 4-NP is cost-effective and could fulfil the requirements of display industries. 2. Experimental 4-NP of AR grade and Py of scintillation grade were brought from Merck-Schuchardt. Subsequently, purification of the synthesized luminophores was achieved through recrystallization and sublimation methods, which were further validated by fluorescence spectra analysis. Synthesis of 4-NP-doped Py Luminophors The synthesis of polycrystalline material was carried out using the solid-state reaction technique. 4-NP luminophores with different concentrations of Py are synthesized [16]. This was processed in a silica crucible. The solid solution was heated at the temperature of the M.P. of 4-NP (110 0 C). Further, the melt was cooled steadily for achieving finely-grained powdered 4-NP polycrystalline luminophores and the powder was subjected to characterization. Characterization: The fluorescence data of guest-doped 4-NP were captured using a JOBIN-YVON-Fluorolog-3-11 spectrofluorometer at the IIT, Madras. XRD spectra of both doped and non-doped crystals were gained utilizing the Philips diffractometer (model PW-3710, Netherlands) with CrKα radiation (2.28). Thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA) was recorded at PAH Solapur University using a TA Inc. SDT-2790 instrument with a 10°C per minute heating rate under a nitrogen atmosphere. Concurrently, the surface morphology of the samples was examined via electronic scanning microscopy of luminophores at SAIF IIT, Madras. 3. Results and Discussion XRD analysis of Doped 4-NP Luminophors Figure 1 illustrates the XRD spectra of both undoped 4-NP and 4-NP doped with Py. The sharp peak in the XRD spectra confirms the crystallinity of the doped 4-NP luminophores. The absence of additional Py peaks in the XRD profile of the luminophors indicates the formation of homogeneous crystals formation of Py within the 4-NP matrix. The parameters viz., grain size and others are tabulated in Table-1 which were calculated using the FWHM value of intense band in XRD spectra. On adding Py, a guest in 4-NP exhibited the highest grain size at concentration i.e. 1x10 -1 . The guest matrix incorporation into the host material resulted in the generation of defects, imperfections, deformations, etc. [17-18]. Figure 2 showing SEM images. It clears that doped 4-NP and pure 4-NP exhibiting identical and finely detached crystallites of monoclinic form. Furthermore it offers crystals size of ~115 nm, fulfilling requirements for optoelectronics. Table-1: - Structural parameters of 4-NP luminophors Conc. of Py,(M) Per mole of 4-NP Glancing Angle, (2θ) degree FWHM, β 2θ Microstain, ɛ x 10 -3 l 2 /m -4 GrainSize, (D) A 0 Dislocation Density, ρ x 10 15 cm -2 Stacking Fault, α st Pure 4-NP 19.44 0.446 1.514 266.9 4.725 0.2725 1x10 -1 21.28 0.353 1.930 338.8 2.939 0.2060 1x10 -2 19.96 0.471 2.023 253.4 5.275 0.6029 1x10 -3 25.32 0.444 1.902 269.6 4.643 0.2394 Photophysical properties Monoclinic unit cells of 4-NP after excitation reveals fluorescence in UV region. [19]. Doping Py into 4-NP induces emission with a vibrant violet, which gradually transitions to a yellow-orange color as the Py concentration increases. The emission spectra of 4-NP along with the absorption spectra of Py also studied to obtain R­ 0 value which found as 41 Å, concluded the efficient EET possibility between them. Fluorescence spectra of doped 4-NP luminophores is represented in fig.3 in which 1x10 -3 to 1x10 -1 mole Py doped 4-NP exhibit structured peaks at 599, 598, and 600 nm. This is attributed to the Py monomeric emission, as such emission is possible at low concentrations [20]. The broader spectra indicate molecular association between Py and 4-NP, expected at higher concentration which was peaking at 𝜆 max 600 nm. The designed energy level diagram is displayed in Fig.4. From this figure it’s seen that the singlet level of Py (26,802 cm -1 ) lies below the corresponding level of 4-NP (30501 cm -1 ). However strong vibrational coupling between the first excited singlet level of Py (P st ) and the first excited triplet level of 4-NP is possible. Hence, the EET between Py and 4-NP is revealed in the figure. Also, it’s confirmed the emission arising from 4-NP containing 1x10 -1 mole Py is only due to exciplex formation between 4-NP and Py. Mechanism TGA record of Doped 4-NP Luminophors The TGA record of synthesized luminophors turns pivotal towards their utility in optoelectronics. Hence, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to inquire the changes in thermo-stability of Py doped with 4-NP, as depicted in Figures 4 and 5, for 1x10 -1 moles concentration over the temperature range of 0-300°C. The 4-NP luminophors were observed to be thermally stable at 125°C and then start to decompose The first stage starts from 125 0 C to 230 0 C, the subsequent stage of 230°C at 250°C, suggest a maximum loss in weight while whole decay in the third stage. This study confirmed the suitability of 4-NP luminophors intended for the manufacturing of optoelectronic materials. Electrochemical properties The CV technique was exercised to interrogate the electrochemical properties of 4-NP luminophores doped with Py. A dichloromethane solution containing ferrocene was utilized as the internal standard. In the obtained cyclic voltammogram, two quasi-reversible waves were consistently observed near -1.0 and approximately 1.15 across all curves (Fig. 6). Based on these observed values HOMO and LUMO were determined to fall within the range of 5.70-5.72 eV and 3.02-3.09 eV, respectively. Additionally, the calculated band gap (Eg) values ranged from 2.25 to 2.82 eV, detected near the band gap [21]. Consequently, one can be conclude that the fabricated luminophores exhibit promising characteristics to be used for optoelectronic applications. Further analysis details are provided in Table 2. Table 2. Electrochemical data of 4-NP luminophors Compound E Ox peak(a) E Red peak(b) HOMO (c) LUMO (d) E g (e) 1) 1x10 -1 Py/mole 4-NP 1.13 -0.69 -5.73 -3.08 2.64 2) 1x10 -2 Py/mole 4-NP 1.11 -0.70 -5.72 -3.06 2.64 3) 1x10 -3 Py/mole 4-NP 1.11 -0.73 -5.72 -3.01 2.66 { a E Ox peak Oxidation peak potential(V), b E Red peak Reduction peak potential(V), c HOMO ,E HOMO = -(E Ox peak -E Ox(Fc/Fc + ) + 4.8)eV, d LUMO ,E LUMO =-(E Red peak -E Red (Fc/Fc+) + 4.8)eV, E g (e) =E HOMO – E LUMO } 4. Conclusion The novel Py-doped 4-NP luminophores exhibited significant yellow-orange light emission attributed the exciplex formation. XRD analysis indicated the homogeneous solid solution formation of the host and guest materials, while SEM images revealed crystals of approximately 115 nm in size. TGA and CV studies demonstrated the suitability of 4-NP luminophores for the manufacturing of optoelectronic appliances. Thus, this research confirms the potential use of Py-doped 4-NP luminophores in optoelectronics. Declarations Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Author Contribution Dr.K.G.Mane and Dr.P.B.Nagore performed the work and analysis. Dr. K.G.Mane, Dr. P.B.Nagore, V.Shahabade, and Dr. S.R. Pujari contributed their knowledge to wrote the research paper. Acknowledgement: The authors express their gratitude to the SAIF-IIT, Madras, and to the Instrumentation Center at Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, India. References B Xu, Z Liu, H Xu, Z Cai, C Zeng, S Huang, Y Yan, F Wang, P Camy, and J Doualan (2013) Highly efficient InGaN-LD-pumped bulk Pr: YLF orange laser at 607 nm. Opt. Commun. 305: 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.05.002 P Goldner, O Guillot Noël, G Dantelle, M Mortier, T My, F Bretenaker (2007) Orange avalanche upconversion for high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. 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Acta A 78:1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.053 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of Fluorescence → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Aug, 2024 Reviews received at journal 30 Jul, 2024 Reviews received at journal 29 Jul, 2024 Reviews received at journal 28 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 18 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 12 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4728719","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":335261558,"identity":"a0a0e8c0-262f-44e7-978c-f3a337508d15","order_by":0,"name":"K. G. Mane","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCSBmhnEOfqgAcZkbiNbCeFjiDIjLSLwW5gO8bWCt+LVItp89+Lmg5k40/+zmAwck59VG87cDtfyo2IZTizRPXrL0jGPPcmfcOZZwoHDb8dwZhxkbGHvO3MapRY4hx4yZh+1wbsONHIMDktuO5TYAtTAztuHRwv8GqOXf4dz5N/I/HOCdcyx3PiEt0hJAW3jbDuduuJHDcIC3oSZ3AyEtkjPeGEvz9h3O3XgjzeCwxLEDuRuBWg7i84vE+RzDzzzfDufOu5H8+OOHmrrceecPH3zwowK3FnRwGEweIFo9ENSRongUjIJRMApGCAAA2ndh6MHkmFsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Doshi Vakil Arts College and G.C.U.B. Science \u0026 Commerce College","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"K.","middleName":"G.","lastName":"Mane","suffix":""},{"id":335261559,"identity":"1c95506d-2b02-4ff4-8bdb-14d098a9c709","order_by":1,"name":"S. R. Pujari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"D.B.F. Dayanand Science College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"S.","middleName":"R.","lastName":"Pujari","suffix":""},{"id":335261560,"identity":"8a936a43-483e-4d4c-a463-702018fd9ddd","order_by":2,"name":"V. Shahabade","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"D.B.F. Dayanand Science College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"V.","middleName":"","lastName":"Shahabade","suffix":""},{"id":335261561,"identity":"9edb1f71-75d9-46d0-bd75-fe6f09de448c","order_by":3,"name":"P. B. Nagore","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Doshi Vakil Arts College and G.C.U.B. Science \u0026 Commerce College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"P.","middleName":"B.","lastName":"Nagore","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-12 07:39:21","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4728719/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4728719/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-024-03938-9","type":"published","date":"2024-09-25T15:57:08+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62658695,"identity":"aa0a5ff7-424f-44cf-abc5-7fa724a1336a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 02:18:30","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":71115,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXRD study of pure 4-NP and Py doped 4-NP.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA)\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1x10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e M, B) 1x10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e M ,C) 1x10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e M and D) pure 4-NP.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4728719/v1/7adf3a3d68ec10eb90f0fc62.png"},{"id":62658697,"identity":"ddd87b3e-4e8c-42e1-981e-f9a8b79a7211","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 02:18:31","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":457295,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSEM images : A) pure 4-NP and B) 1x10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e M of Py per mole 4-NP.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4728719/v1/378a2a0e23b86aeacc23450f.png"},{"id":62658692,"identity":"9b832924-9b79-4a4d-9c14-fe7b68a141b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 02:18:30","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":56650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFluorescence spectra of Py doped 4-NP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4728719/v1/7dc46f0b797e94d11a6f5d94.png"},{"id":62658693,"identity":"12f85408-1a51-49f0-b05a-ea6dcbf11849","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 02:18:30","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":63884,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular energy level diagram of 4-NP and Py:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eA-Absorption, VR – Vibrational relaxation, ISC-Intersystem crossing, F\u003csub\u003ep – \u003c/sub\u003eFluorescence.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4728719/v1/5e14181b1539459df7f47a11.png"},{"id":62658694,"identity":"cfdc760c-ca9c-4b0b-a18b-d960d3c9d3a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 02:18:30","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":22482,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTGA curve of 4-NP doped Py\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4728719/v1/d22850d416fdf8ff4f706f05.png"},{"id":62658696,"identity":"770cc871-6059-4442-ade3-173abc62622e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-17 02:18:30","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":31714,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCyclic voltammogram of 4-NP doped AN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4728719/v1/c089926e0b2e127c2c7f59b2.png"},{"id":65627136,"identity":"b53368ef-4149-4f84-b232-3518a7c8e0f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-30 16:12:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1313251,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4728719/v1/62c8b93a-f74e-4f63-a47c-41d7f0e6d307.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Novel Donor–Acceptor Based 4-Nitrophenol luminophors as a Yellow-Orange Fluorescent Material for Optoelectronic Applications","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the contemporary landscape, the fabrication of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) and devices like light-emitting diodes has garnered significant attention from researchers globally. Also an green-yellow-orange light emitting materials, ranging from 500 to 650 nm, finds diverse applications in scientific and technical fields such as atmospheric monitoring, environmental studies, biomedicine, and displays. Specifically, a stable and efficient orange-red light emission around 610 nm is crucial for quantum information processing applications [1\u0026ndash;5]. Nevertheless, there remains a shortage of reliable continuous-wave orange-red light sources within the 585\u0026ndash;640 nm wavelength range. Hence, understanding energy restructure and transmission in polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has become crucial. Various fluorescence phenomena such as quenching, excimer or exciplex emission, and emission due to charge transfer have been considered to study organoluminophores.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn recent years, various doped organic semiconducting materials have been synthesized using different donor-acceptor combinations. Examples include tetracene doped p-terphenyl (p-TP), biphenyl (By) induced Py, Py and perylene (Pery) doped fluorine, tetracene (TN) and anthracene (AN) doped By, AN doped 2-naphthol (2-NP), TN and AN doped 2-NP, and TN and AN doped (p-TP) [6\u0026ndash;11]. In the context of this study, the researchers synthesized blue and green light emitting materials using organic compounds like AN, TN, and 4-NP, etc. and subsequently investigated their characteristic properties. Excimer and exciplex emission phenomena are commonly observed in such a PAHs. However, exciplex formation, particularly in Py and other PAHs, requires careful selection of the host molecule. Py, with its high fluorescence, serves as an effective donor in exciplex formation with biphenyl, while 4-NP provides a suitable matrix for achieving a homogeneous solid solution of Py [12\u0026ndash;14]. This article primarily focuses on synthesis of 4-NP luminophores with varying Py concentrations and investigates the photophysics of the light emitted. The emission of 4-NP which is weak violet colour is shifted to higher wavelength, on addition of different Py concentration i.e. intense yellow-orange coloured emission by reason of exciplex formation of 4-NP with Py. These synthesis of yellow-orange-light-emitting luminophores of 4-NP is cost-effective and could fulfil the requirements of display industries.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Experimental","content":"\u003cp\u003e4-NP of AR grade and Py of scintillation grade were brought from Merck-Schuchardt. Subsequently, purification of the synthesized luminophores was achieved through recrystallization and sublimation methods, which were further validated by fluorescence spectra analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSynthesis of 4-NP-doped Py Luminophors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe synthesis of polycrystalline material was carried out using the solid-state reaction technique.\u0026nbsp;4-NP luminophores with different concentrations of Py are synthesized [16]. This was processed in a silica crucible. The solid solution was heated at the temperature of the M.P. of 4-NP (110\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC). Further, the melt was cooled steadily for achieving finely-grained powdered 4-NP polycrystalline luminophores and the powder was subjected to characterization.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fluorescence data of guest-doped 4-NP were captured using a JOBIN-YVON-Fluorolog-3-11 spectrofluorometer at the IIT, Madras. XRD spectra of both doped and non-doped crystals were gained utilizing the Philips diffractometer (model PW-3710, Netherlands) with CrK\u0026alpha; radiation (2.28). Thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA) was recorded at PAH Solapur University using a TA Inc. SDT-2790 instrument with a 10\u0026deg;C per minute heating rate under a nitrogen atmosphere. Concurrently, the surface morphology of the samples was examined via electronic scanning microscopy of luminophores at SAIF IIT, Madras.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eXRD analysis of Doped 4-NP Luminophors\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 1 illustrates the XRD spectra of both undoped 4-NP and 4-NP doped with Py. The sharp peak in the XRD spectra confirms the crystallinity of the doped 4-NP luminophores. The absence of additional Py peaks in the XRD profile of the luminophors indicates the formation of homogeneous crystals formation of Py within the 4-NP matrix.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cform\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe parameters viz., grain size and others are tabulated in Table-1 which were calculated using the FWHM value of intense band in XRD spectra. On adding Py, a guest in 4-NP exhibited the highest grain size at concentration i.e. 1x10\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. The guest matrix incorporation into the host material resulted in the generation of defects, imperfections, deformations, etc.\u0026nbsp;[17-18].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure 2 showing SEM images. It clears that doped 4-NP and pure 4-NP exhibiting identical and finely detached crystallites of monoclinic form. Furthermore it offers crystals size of ~115 nm, fulfilling requirements for optoelectronics.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable-1: -\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Structural parameters of 4-NP luminophors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.86833855799373%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConc. of Py,(M)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePer mole of\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4-NP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.009404388714733%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlancing\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngle,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(2\u0026theta;) degree\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.539184952978056%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFWHM,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026beta;\u003csub\u003e2\u0026theta;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.0846394984326%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicrostain,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eɛ x 10\u003csup\u003e-3\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003el\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/m\u003csup\u003e-4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrainSize,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(D) A\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.263322884012538%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDislocation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026rho; x 10\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.598746081504702%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStacking Fault,\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026alpha;\u003csub\u003est\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.86833855799373%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePure 4-NP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.009404388714733%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.539184952978056%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.446\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.0846394984326%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.514\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e266.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.263322884012538%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.598746081504702%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.86833855799373%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1x10\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.009404388714733%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.539184952978056%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.353\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.0846394984326%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.930\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;338.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.263322884012538%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.939\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.598746081504702%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.86833855799373%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1x10\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.009404388714733%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.539184952978056%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.0846394984326%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;253.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.263322884012538%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.275\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.598746081504702%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.86833855799373%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1x10\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.009404388714733%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.539184952978056%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.444\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.0846394984326%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.902\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.636363636363637%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;269.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.263322884012538%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.598746081504702%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotophysical properties\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonoclinic unit cells of 4-NP after excitation reveals fluorescence in UV region. [19]. Doping Py into 4-NP induces emission with a vibrant violet, which gradually transitions to a yellow-orange color as the Py concentration increases. The emission spectra of 4-NP along with the absorption spectra of Py also studied to obtain R\u0026shy;\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e value which found as 41 \u0026Aring;, concluded the efficient EET possibility between them. Fluorescence spectra of doped 4-NP luminophores is represented in fig.3 in which 1x10\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c/sup\u003e to 1x10\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e mole Py doped 4-NP exhibit structured peaks at 599, 598, and 600 nm. This is attributed to the Py monomeric emission, as such emission is possible at low concentrations [20].\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe broader spectra indicate molecular association between Py and 4-NP, expected at higher concentration which was peaking at\u0026nbsp;𝜆\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e 600 nm.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe designed energy level diagram is displayed in Fig.4. From this figure it\u0026rsquo;s seen that the singlet level of Py (26,802 cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) lies below the corresponding level of 4-NP (30501 cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e). However strong vibrational coupling between the first excited singlet level of Py (P\u003csub\u003est\u003c/sub\u003e) and the first excited triplet level of 4-NP is possible. Hence, the EET between Py and 4-NP is revealed in the figure. Also, it\u0026rsquo;s confirmed the emission arising from 4-NP containing 1x10\u003csup\u003e-1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003emole Py is only due to exciplex formation between 4-NP and Py.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanism\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"574\" height=\"376\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTGA record of Doped 4-NP Luminophors\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe TGA record of synthesized luminophors turns pivotal towards their utility in optoelectronics. Hence, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to inquire the changes in thermo-stability of Py doped with 4-NP, as depicted in Figures 4 and 5, for 1x10\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e moles concentration over the temperature range of 0-300\u0026deg;C. The 4-NP luminophors were observed to be thermally stable at 125\u0026deg;C and then start to decompose The first stage starts from 125\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC to 230\u003csup\u003e0\u003c/sup\u003eC, the subsequent stage of 230\u0026deg;C at 250\u0026deg;C, suggest a maximum loss in weight while whole decay in the third stage.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis study confirmed the suitability of 4-NP luminophors intended for the manufacturing of optoelectronic materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical properties\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe CV technique was exercised to interrogate the electrochemical properties of 4-NP luminophores doped with Py. A dichloromethane solution containing ferrocene was utilized as the internal standard. In the obtained cyclic voltammogram, two quasi-reversible waves were consistently observed near -1.0 and approximately 1.15 across all curves (Fig. 6). Based on these observed values HOMO and LUMO were determined to fall within the range of 5.70-5.72 eV and 3.02-3.09 eV, respectively. Additionally, the calculated band gap (Eg) values ranged from 2.25 to 2.82 eV, detected near the band gap [21]. Consequently, one can be conclude that the fabricated luminophores exhibit promising characteristics to be used for optoelectronic applications. Further analysis details are provided in Table 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2. Electrochemical data of 4-NP luminophors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.26447574334898%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompound\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.206572769953052%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003csub\u003eOx\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003epeak(a)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.145539906103286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003csub\u003eRed\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003epeak(b)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.832550860719875%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHOMO\u003csup\u003e(c)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.431924882629108%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLUMO\u003csup\u003e(d)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.118935837245697%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003csub\u003eg\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e(e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.26447574334898%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1) 1x10\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003ePy/mole 4-NP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.206572769953052%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.145539906103286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.832550860719875%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.431924882629108%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.118935837245697%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.26447574334898%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2) 1x10\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003ePy/mole 4-NP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.206572769953052%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.145539906103286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.832550860719875%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.431924882629108%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.118935837245697%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.26447574334898%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3) 1x10\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c/sup\u003ePy/mole 4-NP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.206572769953052%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.145539906103286%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.832550860719875%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.431924882629108%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.118935837245697%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e{\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eE\u003csub\u003eOx\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003epeak\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eOxidation peak potential(V), \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eE\u003csub\u003eRed\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003epeak\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eReduction peak potential(V),\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eHOMO ,E\u003csub\u003eHOMO\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e= -(E\u003csub\u003eOx\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003epeak\u003c/sup\u003e-E\u003csub\u003eOx(Fc/Fc\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csub\u003e)\u003c/sub\u003e+ 4.8)eV,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003eLUMO ,E\u003csub\u003eLUMO\u003c/sub\u003e=-(E\u003csub\u003eRed\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003epeak\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e-E\u003csub\u003eRed (Fc/Fc+)\u003c/sub\u003e+ 4.8)eV, E\u003csub\u003eg\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e(e)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e=E\u003csub\u003eHOMO\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026ndash; E\u003csub\u003eLUMO\u003c/sub\u003e}\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/form\u003e"},{"header":"4. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe novel Py-doped 4-NP luminophores exhibited significant yellow-orange light emission attributed the exciplex formation. XRD analysis indicated the homogeneous solid solution formation of the host and guest materials, while SEM images revealed crystals of approximately 115 nm in size. TGA and CV studies demonstrated the suitability of 4-NP luminophores for the manufacturing of optoelectronic appliances. Thus, this research confirms the potential use of Py-doped 4-NP luminophores in optoelectronics.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConflict of Interest:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDr.K.G.Mane and Dr.P.B.Nagore performed the work and analysis. Dr. K.G.Mane, Dr. P.B.Nagore, V.Shahabade, and Dr. S.R. Pujari contributed their knowledge to wrote the research paper.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003e Acknowledgement:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors express their gratitude to the SAIF-IIT, Madras, and to the Instrumentation Center at Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra, India.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB Xu, Z Liu, H Xu, Z Cai, C Zeng, S Huang, Y Yan, F Wang, P Camy, and J Doualan (2013) Highly efficient InGaN-LD-pumped bulk Pr: YLF orange laser at 607 nm. Opt. Commun. 305: 96\u0026ndash;99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2013.05.002 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eP Goldner, O Guillot No\u0026euml;l, G Dantelle, M Mortier, T My, F Bretenaker (2007) Orange avalanche upconversion for high-resolution laser spectroscopy. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. 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J Fluoresc. 28(4):897-903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-018-2252-1\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMane K G, Nagore P B, Pujari S R (2019) Synthesis, Photophysical, electrochemical and thermal study of biphenyl Luminophors: green light emitting materials. J fluoresce 29: 177-183 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-018-2325-1\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMane K G, Nagore P B, Pujari S R (2019) Synthesis of highly fluorescent DA based p-Terphenyl Luminophorsand their thin films for optoelectronic applications. Journal of Fluorescence 29 (4): 1001-1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-019-02413-0\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMane K G, Nagore P B, Pujari S R (2019) Synthesis of Novel Blue and Green Light Emitting 4-NP Luminophors for Optoelectronics. J Fluoresc 29:1371\u0026ndash;1380 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-019-02447-4\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eTang\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eC.W. and VanSlyke\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eS.A.\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003e1987\u003c/em\u003e) Organic Electroluminescent Diodes. \u003cem\u003eApplied Physics Letters\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e51\u003c/em\u003e:\u003cem\u003e913\u003c/em\u003e-915. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98799. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBurroughes J H, Bradley D D C, Brown A R, Marks R N, Mackay K, Friend R H, Burns P L and Homes A B (1990), Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers, Nature, 347:539-541. https://doi.org/10.1038/347539a0\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFriend R H, Gymer R W, Holmes A B, Burroughes J H,Marks R N, Taliani C, Bradley D D C, dos Santos D A, Br\u0026eacute;das J L, L\u0026ouml;gdlund Mand Salaneck WR (1999) Electroluminescence in conjugated polymers. Nature 397:121. https://doi.org/10.1038/16393 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaldo M, Thompson M, Forrest S (2000) High-efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent sensitizer. Nature 403:750\u0026ndash;753 https://doi.org/10.1038/35001541\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChen R, Zhu R, Zheng C (2010) Synthesis, characterization and applications of vinylsilafluorene copolymers: New host materials for electroluminescent devices. Sci. China Chem. 53, 2329\u0026ndash;2336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-010-4108-7\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhilip B (2021) Synthesis and Uses of Thioacenes and Oligothiophenes for Organic Electronic Devices. Trends Tech Sci Res. 5(2): 555659. \u003cu\u003ehttps://doi.org/\u003c/u\u003e10.19080/TTSR.2021.05.555659\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThejo Kalyani N, Dhoble S J (2015) Novel materials for fabrication and encapsulation of OLEDs, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44(C):319-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.070\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMane KG, Nagore PB, Pujari SR (2018) Synthesis, Photophysical, Electrochemical and Thermal Investigation of Anthracene Doped 2-Naphthol Luminophors and their Thin Films for Optoelectronic Devices. Journal of Fluorescence. 28(5):1023-1028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-018-2265-9\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKotowicz S, Korzec M, Pająk AK, Golba S, Małecki JG, Siwy M, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E (2021) New Acceptor\u0026ndash;Donor\u0026ndash;Acceptor Systems Based on Bis-(Imino-1,8-Naphthalimide). Materials 14(11):2714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112714\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePant G J N, Singha P, Rawat B S, Rawat M S M, Joshi G C (2011) Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence studies of 3,5-diaryl substituted 2-pyrazolines Spectrochim. Acta A 78:1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2010.12.053\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-fluorescence","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jofl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Fluorescence](https://www.springer.com/journal/10895)","snPcode":"10895","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10895/3","title":"Journal of Fluorescence","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Yellow-orange light emission, Exciplex, Fluorescence sensitization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4728719/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4728719/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA new category of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) luminophores, infused with differing quantities of Pyrene (Py), was synthesized using the standard solid-state reaction method to explore novel luminophores emitting at longer wavelengths. Their optical and electrochemical properties were analyzed through fluorimetry and Cyclic Voltammetry techniques, respectively. The fluorescence spectrum of Py-doped 4-NP exhibited a broad fluorescence band peaking at 599 nm for a Py concentration of 1x10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e mol, confirming exciplex formation between 4-NP and Py in the excited state.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on electrochemical data, the energy levels of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) were determined for the prepared luminophores, falling in between 5.72\u0026ndash;5.73 eV and 3.01\u0026ndash;3.08 eV, respectively. Thermal stableness was assessed via TGA analysis, while SEM images revealed crystal sizes of approximately 115 nm. Consequently, this comprehensive investigation suggests the potential utility of these newly developed yellow-orange fluorescent luminophores in optoelectronic applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Novel Donor–Acceptor Based 4-Nitrophenol luminophors as a Yellow-Orange Fluorescent Material for Optoelectronic Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-17 02:18:25","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4728719/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-08-02T13:51:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-30T08:14:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-29T06:47:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-28T06:19:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"28738443092790275037880513152118056706","date":"2024-07-27T06:06:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"189095728036916818240054400617128225663","date":"2024-07-26T13:09:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"119809262170305436062082780222653246154","date":"2024-07-25T14:46:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"165223453234000559241773511308378751719","date":"2024-07-25T11:21:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"178442423357059364435903554458719845359","date":"2024-07-24T05:23:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"286123902732818457261588504374716612560","date":"2024-07-23T12:25:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-07-23T12:17:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-07-18T19:18:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-07-18T19:18:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Fluorescence","date":"2024-07-12T07:38:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-fluorescence","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jofl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Fluorescence](https://www.springer.com/journal/10895)","snPcode":"10895","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10895/3","title":"Journal of Fluorescence","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7bc850dd-2ea0-4472-be91-1be6f538c287","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 17th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-30T16:00:30+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4728719","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-024-03938-9","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-fluorescence","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Fluorescence"},"publishedOn":"2024-09-25 15:57:08","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 25th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-17 02:18:25","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10895-024-03938-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-024-03938-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4728719","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4728719","identity":"rs-4728719","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}